Posterior Parietal Cortex And Non Spatial Attention Control

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Posterior Parietal Cortex And Non Spatial Attention Control

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Author : Luana Caselli
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2010-06

Posterior Parietal Cortex And Non Spatial Attention Control written by Luana Caselli and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-06 with categories.

Goals dominate primate behavior. Almost all intended behaviors depend on the acquisition of "cognitive sets" endowing us with expectations about classes of stimuli and responses (S-R sets) appropriate to achieve a particular goal in a given context. Selective attention allows to switch between competing cognitive sets by focusing onto the currently relevant S-R sets while disengaging from other interfering S-R sets. The question whether non- human primates provide an appropriate model for human task-switching has not been completely answered. Posterior Parietal Cortex (PPC) has long been known to be fundamental to spatial attention. The aim of this study was to explore the role of PPC in non- spatial forms of attention, with particular interest in the representation of cognitive sets. To tackle this issue, the activity of single neurons was recorded from area 7a of one monkey tested with a task-switching paradigm. The obtained results support the idea that PPC is undoubtedly involved in cognitive domains well beyond spatial processing, contributing to the encoding of cognitive sets essential to primate goal-directed behaviors.

Macaque Posterior Parietal Cortex And The Control Of Non Spatial Attention

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Author : Luana Caselli
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005

Macaque Posterior Parietal Cortex And The Control Of Non Spatial Attention written by Luana Caselli and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.

Attention And The Parietal Cortex

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Author : Christopher Lee Striemer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008

Attention And The Parietal Cortex written by Christopher Lee Striemer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.

Some authors have argued that the primary function of the posterior parietal cortex is to control visual attention and awareness, whereas others have argued that the posterior parietal cortex is specialized for controlling actions. The purpose of the present thesis was to examine the influence of prism adaptation - a visuomotor adaptation technique - on visual attention deficits in patients with lesions of parietal cortex. Lesions to dorsal regions of the posterior parietal cortex lead to optic ataxia - a disorder in which visually guided reaching is disrupted. In contrast lesions to ventral (i.e. inferior) regions of the posterior parietal cortex of the right hemisphere lead to spatial neglect - a disorder in which patients are unaware of people or objects in contralesional (left) space.

Attention Predictions And Expectations And Their Violation Attentional Control In The Human Brain

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Author : Simone Vossel
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-05-20

Attention Predictions And Expectations And Their Violation Attentional Control In The Human Brain written by Simone Vossel and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-20 with Attentional control categories.

In the burdened scenes of everyday life, our brains must select from among many competing inputs for perceptual synthesis - so that only the most relevant receive full attention and irrelevant (distracting) information is suppressed. At the same time, we must remain responsive to salient events outside our current focus of attention - and balancing these two processing modes is a fundamental task our brain constantly needs to solve. Both the physical saliency of a stimulus, as well as top-down predictions about imminent sensations crucially influence attentional selection and consequently the response to unexpected events. Research over recent decades has identified two separate brain networks involved in predictive top-down control and reorientation to unattended events (or oddball stimuli): the dorsal and ventral fronto-parietal attention systems of the human brain. Moreover, specific electrophysiological brain responses are known to characterize attentional orienting as well as the processing of deviant stimuli. However, many key questions are outstanding. What are the exact functional differences between these cortical attention systems? How are they lateralised in the two hemispheres? How do top-down and bottom-up signals interact to enable flexible attentional control? How does structural damage to one system affect the functionality of the other in brain damaged patients? Are there sensory-specific and supra-modal attentional systems in the brain? In addition to these questions, it is now accepted that brain responses are not only affected by the saliency of external stimuli, but also by our expectations about sensory inputs. How these two influences are balanced, and how predictions are formed in cortical networks, or generated on the basis of experience-dependent learning, are intriguing issues. In this Research Topic, we aim to collect innovative contributions that shed further light on the (cortical) mechanisms of attentional control in the human brain. In particular, we would like to encourage submissions that investigate the behavioural correlates, functional anatomy or electrophysiological markers of attentional selection and reorientation. Special emphasis will be given to studies investigating the context-sensitivity of these attentional processes in relation to prior expectations, trial history, contextual cues or physical saliency. We would like to encourage submissions employing different research methods (psychophysical recordings, neuroimaging techniques such as fMRI, MEG, EEG or ECoG, as well as neurostimulation methods such as TMS or tDCS) in healthy volunteers or neurological patients. Computational models and animal studies are also welcome. Finally, we also welcome submission of meta-analyses and reviews articles that provide new insights into, or conclusions about recent work in the field.

Attentional Control Functions Of Human Frontal And Posterior Parietal Cortex

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Author : Sara Michele Szczepanski
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010

Attentional Control Functions Of Human Frontal And Posterior Parietal Cortex written by Sara Michele Szczepanski and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.

Neurophysiological Studies Of Spatial Attention And Short Term Memory In Monkey Posterior Parietal Cortex

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Author : Christos Constantinidis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997

Neurophysiological Studies Of Spatial Attention And Short Term Memory In Monkey Posterior Parietal Cortex written by Christos Constantinidis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Attention categories.

The Role Of Human Posterior Parietal Cortex In Sensory Motor And Cognitive Function

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Author : Leighton Barett Nicholas Hinkley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007

The Role Of Human Posterior Parietal Cortex In Sensory Motor And Cognitive Function written by Leighton Barett Nicholas Hinkley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.

Brain Repair After Stroke

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Author : Steven C. Cramer
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010-10-28

Brain Repair After Stroke written by Steven C. Cramer and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-28 with Medical categories.

Increasing evidence identifies the possibility of restoring function to the damaged brain via exogenous therapies. One major target for these advances is stroke, where most patients can be left with significant disability. Treatments have the potential to improve the victim's quality of life significantly and reduce the time and expense of rehabilitation. Brain Repair After Stroke reviews the biology of spontaneous brain repair after stroke in animal models and in humans. Detailed chapters cover the many forms of therapy being explored to promote brain repair and consider clinical trial issues in this context. This book provides a summary of the neurobiology of innate and treatment-induced repair mechanisms after hypoxia and reviews the state of the art for human therapeutics in relation to promoting behavioral recovery after stroke. Essential reading for stroke physicians, neurologists, rehabilitation physicians and neuropsychologists.

Spatial And Non Spatial Aspects Of Neglect

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Author : Konstantinos Priftis
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-07-10

Spatial And Non Spatial Aspects Of Neglect written by Konstantinos Priftis and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-10 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.

Neglect is one of the most impressive neuropsychological disorder, for both its theoretical and clinical relevance. Besides being very common and disabling, it is highly informative for understanding normal cognitive functioning. The hallmark of neglect is the failure to attend to the contralesional hemispace. However, several studies have recently highlighted that additional deficits, not attributable to a spatial bias, are associated to the impaired contralesional hemispace processing. Moreover, manifestations of neglect tend to be particularly heterogeneous and often dissociate according to the spatial domain being investigated (e.g., body space, space within reaching, space beyond reaching, imaginal space). Heterogeneity in neglect patients also means that dissociations across different tasks in a single patient are more the rule than the exception. Evidence suggests that some of these dissociations can be readily explained by taking into account the amount of available attentional resources as a major determinant for the presence and the severity of neglect. There is no doubt that neglect patients provide a wealth of information about the functioning of systems subserving attentional orienting and spatial processing. Moreover, their performance also show that some non-spatial deficits are tightly coupled with more classic contralesional spatial deficits. It seems however still unclear to what extent these non-spatial deficits are an intrinsic characteristic of neglect or whether they are to be considered unspecific effects of the often massive brain lesions suffered by the patients. From the clinical point of view, neglect is a disorder that dramatically affects patients and their caregivers, because it severely limits the individuals’ autonomy and motor recovery after brain damage. For these reasons neglect is a disorder that is worth rehabilitating. To be effective, neglect rehabilitation should be based on the knowledge of what cognitive aspects are impaired and it should be focused on improving daily-life performance. For these reasons, it is also important to detect and quantify subtle forms of neglect.

Spatial Processing In Navigation Imagery And Perception

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Author : Fred W. Mast
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-06-13

Spatial Processing In Navigation Imagery And Perception written by Fred W. Mast and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-06-13 with Medical categories.

The processing of spatial information is an increasingly important topic, especially in recent few years, with new findings emerging from such diverse disciplines as cognitive neuroscience; cognitive psychology; sensorimotor integration; neuropsychology and neuroanatomy. Bringing together contributions from a group of internationally highly renowned researchers from across these disciplines, this book offers a state-of-the-art platform on which the latest developments in spatial processing are presented.