Preface To Expected Utility Hypotheses And The Allais Paradox
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Preface To Expected Utility Hypotheses And The Allais Paradox
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Author : Maurice Allais
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
Preface To Expected Utility Hypotheses And The Allais Paradox written by Maurice Allais and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with categories.
Expected Utility Hypotheses And The Allais Paradox
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Author : M. Allais
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-14
Expected Utility Hypotheses And The Allais Paradox written by M. Allais and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-14 with Social Science categories.
Utility theory or, value theory in general, is certainly the cornerstone of decision theory, game theory, microecon~mics, and all social and political theories which deal with public decisions. Recently the American School of utility, founded by von N eumann Morgenstern, encountered a far-going criticism by the French School of utility represented by its founder Allais. The whole basis of the theory of decisions involving risk has been shaken and put into question. Consequently, basic research in the fundamentals of utility and value theory evolved into a crisis. Like any crisis in basic research, and this one was not an exception, it was very fruitful. One may simply say: Allais versus von Neumann-Morgenstern, or the French School of utility versus the American School, became one of the battlefields of scientific development which proved to be a most creative source of new advances and new developments in all those sciences which are based on evaluation of utilities.
Utility And Probability
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Author : John Eatwell
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1990-02-23
Utility And Probability written by John Eatwell and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-02-23 with Business & Economics categories.
This is an excerpt from the 4-volume dictionary of economics, a reference book which aims to define the subject of economics today. 1300 subject entries in the complete work cover the broad themes of economic theory. This extract concentrates on utility and probability.
A New Approach To Utilitarianism
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Author : C.L. Sheng
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
A New Approach To Utilitarianism written by C.L. Sheng and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Philosophy categories.
1.1 Utilitarian Theories This book is a monograph on moral philosophy and social philosophy, particularly the part of the philosophy of economics that is related to the general distribution problem. It presents a comprehensive ethical theory, together with an application of the theory to distributive justice. The viewpoint of this theory is utilitarian. However, this theory is different in some crucial points, as well as in minor details, from all existing forms of utilitarianism. Moral philosophy deals essentially with the moral judgment of actions, i. e., whether a moral action is right or wrong, good or bad. The judgment is usually based on a line of logical reasoning, which can be traced to a final reason called the justification or ultimate principle. An ethical theory is a self-consistent system built upon a basic, or ultimate, principle. An ultimate principle can never be rigorously proven, and is not unique. Different philosophers establish different ethical theories upon different principles. Therefore, in the history of development of moral philosophy, there have been a large number of ethical theories and schools. Even wi thin the same school having the same ultimate principle, different philosophers may have different versions of the theory, because of small variations in the interpretation of the ultimate principle or in the elaboration of the details.
A Utilitarian General Theory Of Value
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Author : C.L. Sheng
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2022-07-18
A Utilitarian General Theory Of Value written by C.L. Sheng and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-18 with Philosophy categories.
The thesis of this book is to develop a theory of value covering all kinds of values, based on my unified utilitarian theory. It is unique and is different from all traditional and existing theories of value. Like the views of most psychologists and decision-scientists, value is asserted to be subjective in nature because value exists only for a subject. Value and value judgment are considered statistical in nature in three dimensions, namely in the dimensions of subject, object, and judge. This theory covers a modified von Neumann-Morgenstern utility theory as an integral part. The three conceptions of utility held by philosophers, economicsts, and decision-scientists are unified. The traditional and conventional classification of value into intrinsic and instrumental, which may lead to confusion, misunderstanding, and circularity, is not used. Instead, a classification based on the classification of good things in life according to the principle of exchangeability and replaceability is emphasized and used. A decision-theoretic approach is taken for the study of actions in life. All the actions in a person's life are for the pursuit of values, and all the values pursued are related, directly or indirectly, closely or remotely, to a life plan. Thus, this utilitarian general theory of value eventually leads to a philosophy of life, which is also consequential, teleological, and utilitarian.
Theory And Decision
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Author : G. Eberlein
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Theory And Decision written by G. Eberlein and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Social Science categories.
This collection of articles contains contributions from a few of Werner Leinfellner's many friends and colleagues. Some of them are former students of Werner's. Others were colleagues of his at various American and European universities. Further, some have come to know Werner through his research, his long-standing editorship of Theory and Deci sion and his extensive participation in international conferences and congresses. The following articles are new to this volume. The areas covered are those in which Werner continues to play an active professional role. We offer them as a tribute to the many and multi-faceted contributions to the scientific enterprise for which Werner Leinfellner is so widely known. We believe such a festschrift to be fitting and long overdue. Because of the breadth of Werner's professional associations, it was difficult to select representatives from among his many spheres of influence. We apologize to the many scholars who could not be in cluded because of time and space considerations. Finally, we wish to express appreciation to Dean John Guilds of the University of Arkansas for providing financial support early on in the evolution of this project, to Jennifer Bauman for her bravura performance in copy-editing the manuscripts, and to our publisher at Reidel for bringing this volume to press.
Introduction To Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling For Ecological Data
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Author : Eric Parent
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2012-08-21
Introduction To Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling For Ecological Data written by Eric Parent and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-21 with Mathematics categories.
Making statistical modeling and inference more accessible to ecologists and related scientists, Introduction to Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling for Ecological Data gives readers a flexible and effective framework to learn about complex ecological processes from various sources of data. It also helps readers get started on building their own statistical models. The text begins with simple models that progressively become more complex and realistic through explanatory covariates and intermediate hidden states variables. When fitting the models to data, the authors gradually present the concepts and techniques of the Bayesian paradigm from a practical point of view using real case studies. They emphasize how hierarchical Bayesian modeling supports multidimensional models involving complex interactions between parameters and latent variables. Data sets, exercises, and R and WinBUGS codes are available on the authors’ website. This book shows how Bayesian statistical modeling provides an intuitive way to organize data, test ideas, investigate competing hypotheses, and assess degrees of confidence of predictions. It also illustrates how conditional reasoning can dismantle a complex reality into more understandable pieces. As conditional reasoning is intimately linked with Bayesian thinking, considering hierarchical models within the Bayesian setting offers a unified and coherent framework for modeling, estimation, and prediction.
The New Palgrave Dictionary Of Economics
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-05-18
The New Palgrave Dictionary Of Economics written by and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-18 with Law categories.
The award-winning The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd edition is now available as a dynamic online resource. Consisting of over 1,900 articles written by leading figures in the field including Nobel prize winners, this is the definitive scholarly reference work for a new generation of economists. Regularly updated! This product is a subscription based product.
A Plea For Plausibility
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Author : John R. Welch
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2023-03-17
A Plea For Plausibility written by John R. Welch and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-17 with Philosophy categories.
This book develops an original theory of decision-making based on the concept of plausibility. The author advocates plausible reasoning as a general philosophical method and demonstrates how it can be applied to problems in argumentation theory, scientific theory choice, risk management, ethics, law, economics, and epistemology. Human decisions are conditioned by formidable uncertainty. The standard resource for dealing rationally with uncertainty is the mathematical concept of probability. The probability calculus is well-known, but since the numerical demands for applying it cannot usually be met, it is not widely applicable. By contrast, the concept of plausibility is widely applicable, but it is little known. This book relies on a generalized concept of plausibility whose strength is its adaptability. The adaptability is due to a novel form of decision theory that takes plausibilities as inputs. This form of decision theory remains applicable to decisions informed by sharp probabilities and utilities, but it can also be applied to decisions that must be made without them. It can aid in the rationally critical enterprise of discriminating good arguments from bad, and this can foster philosophical progress. A Plea for Plausibility will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in argumentation theory, philosophy of science, ethics, epistemology, economics, law, and risk management.
Risk Ambiguity And Decision
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Author : Daniel Ellsberg
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-07-03
Risk Ambiguity And Decision written by Daniel Ellsberg and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-03 with Philosophy categories.
Ellsberg elaborates on "Risk, Ambiguity, and the Savage Axioms" and mounts a powerful challenge to the dominant theory of rational decision in this book.