Preventing Hiv Infection Among Injecting Drug Users In High Risk Countries
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Preventing Hiv Infection Among Injecting Drug Users In High Risk Countries
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2006-12-20
Preventing Hiv Infection Among Injecting Drug Users In High Risk Countries written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-12-20 with Medical categories.
Drug dependence is a complex, chronic, relapsing condition that is often accompanied by severe health, psychological, economic, legal, and social consequences. Injecting drug users are particularly vulnerable to HIV and other bloodborne infections (such as hepatitis C) as a result of sharing contaminated injecting equipment. All drug-dependent individuals, including injecting drug users (IDUs), may be at increased risk of HIV infection because of high-risk sexual behaviors. There are an estimated 13.2 million injecting drug users (IDUs) world-wide-78 percent of whom live in developing or transitional countries. The sharing of contaminated injecting equipment has become a major driving force of the global AIDS epidemic and is the primary mode of HIV transmission in many countries. In some cases, epidemics initially fueled by the sharing of contaminated injecting equipment are spreading through sexual transmission from IDUs to non-injecting populations, and through perinatal transmission to newborns. Reversing the rise of HIV infections among IDUs has thus become an urgent global public health challenge-one that remains largely unmet. In response to this challenge, the Institute of Medicine convened a public workshop in Geneva in December 2005 to gather information from experts on IDU-driven HIV epidemics in the most affected regions of the world with an emphasis on countries throughout Eastern Europe, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and significant parts of Asia. Experts from other regions also provided information on their experiences in preventing HIV infection among IDUs. This report provides a summary of the workshop discussions. Preventing HIV Infection among Injecting Drug Users in High Risk Countries describes the evidence on the intermediate outcomes of drug-related risk and sex-related risk prior to examining the impact on HIV transmission. This report focuses on programs that are designed to prevent the transmission of HIV among injecting drug users. These programs range from efforts to curtail non-medical drug use to those that encourage reduction in high-risk behavior among drug users. Although the report focuses on HIV prevention for IDUs in high-risk countries, the Committee considered evidence from countries around the world. The findings and recommendations of this report are also applicable to countries where injecting drug use is not the primary driver, but in which injection drug use is nevertheless associated with significant HIV transmission.
The Global Hiv Epidemics Among People Who Inject Drugs
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Author : Arin Dutta
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2012-12-13
The Global Hiv Epidemics Among People Who Inject Drugs written by Arin Dutta and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-13 with Medical categories.
This publication addresses research questions related to an increase in the levels of access and utilization for four key interventions that have the potential to significantly reduce HIV infections among People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) and their sexual and injecting partners, and hence morbidity and mortality in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). These interventions are drawn from nine consensus interventions that comprise a 'comprehensive package' for PWID. The four interventions are: Needle and Syringe Programs (NSP), Medically Assisted Therapy (MAT), HIV Counseling and Testing (HCT), and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). The book summarizes the results from several recent reviews of studies related to the effectiveness of the four key interventions in reducing risky behaviors in the context of transmitting or acquiring HIV infection. Overall, the four key interventions have strong effects on the risk of HIV infection among PWID via different pathways, and this determination is included in the documents proposing the comprehensive package of interventions. In order to attain the greatest effect from these interventions, structural issues must be addressed, especially the removal of punitive policies targeting PWID in many countries. The scientific evidence presented here, the public health rationale, and the human rights imperatives are all in accord: we can and must do better for PWID. The available tools are evidence-based, right affirming, and cost effective. What are required now are political will and a global consensus that this critical component of global HIV can no longer be ignored and under-resourced.
High Coverage Sites
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Author : Dave Burrows
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2006
High Coverage Sites written by Dave Burrows and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Medical categories.
Report investigates programmes and sites in developing and transitional countries which were regarded by international authorities as "high coverage sites" i.e. where more than 50% of injecting drug users had been reached by one or more HIV prevention programmes. Each case study includes a description of the development of the programme and features of the services provided, an estimation of programme coverage, factors that led to high coverage, and a discussion of ways to maintain and expand coverage.
Drug Injecting And Hiv Infection
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Author : Andrew Ball
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2003-09-02
Drug Injecting And Hiv Infection written by Andrew Ball and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-09-02 with Health & Fitness categories.
Drug Injecting and HIV Infection is a comparative international study of drug injecting behaviour and HIV infection based on the World Health Organization's study of 13 cities as disparate as Athens, Bangkok, Glasgow and Rio de Janeiro. Using a standardized methodology for the collection of data, as well as central data management and analysis, this study represents the largest international project of its kind. It presents a comprehensive overview of what is currently known about drug injecting, HIV infection, epidemic dynamics and possibilities for prevention. Stressing the importance of linking research to intervention and policy, the contributors emphasize the need to place HIV and policy issues on the international agenda. Written by experts in the field, this global study offers an in-depth and definitive analysis of the subject.
Preventing Hiv Transmission
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Author : National Research Council and Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1995-09-14
Preventing Hiv Transmission written by National Research Council and Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-09-14 with Medical categories.
This volume addresses the interface of two major national problems: the epidemic of HIV-AIDS and the widespread use of illegal injection drugs. Should communities have the option of giving drug users sterile needles or bleach for cleaning needs in order to reduce the spread of HIV? Does needle distribution worsen the drug problem, as opponents of such programs argue? Do they reduce the spread of other serious diseases, such as hepatitis? Do they result in more used needles being carelessly discarded in the community? The panel takes a critical look at the available data on needle exchange and bleach distribution programs, reaches conclusions about their efficacy, and offers concrete recommendations for public policy to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS. The book includes current knowledge about the epidemiologies of HIV/AIDS and injection drug use; characteristics of needle exchange and bleach distribution programs and views on those programs from diverse community groups; and a discussion of laws designed to control possession of needles, their impact on needle sharing among injection drug users, and their implications for needle exchange programs.
Women Drug Use And Hiv Infection
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Author : Sally J. Stevens
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1998
Women Drug Use And Hiv Infection written by Sally J. Stevens and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with AIDS (Disease) categories.
In Women, Drug Use, and HIV Infection, you'll see why AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death among women of childbearing age, and you'll come to understand why it disproportionately affects minority women, many of whom are poor, addicted to drugs, and/or the sexual partners of drug users. You'll gain instantaneous access to the data collected by a national, multi-site Cooperative Agreement funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse. The quantitative and qualitative studies contained in this publication will familiarize you with the lives of women especially susceptible to HIV infection. You'll also discover descriptions of prevention strategies that will lower the risk of infection in this high-risk population of women. In Women, Drug Use, and HIV Infection, at least two chapters focus on each main topic, giving you a deeper, multilayered look at each issue. Even after a few chapters, you'll find that your understanding of this national societal illness will expand tremendously in these and other areas: cultural contexts of various geographical areas of the United States perceptions of HIV risk among the women who use drugs the difference in risk behaviors of drug-using women in cities of different sizes with different rates of HIV seroprevelance how past and current domestic violence changes the HIV risk behavior of women who are sexual partners of drug users how the trading of sex for drugs and/or money is critical in tracking HIV risk behavior in women Women, Drug Use, and HIV Infection takes its data from a wide variety of U.S. locations and from a wide variety of women and organizes it in a way that you can understand, process, and ultimately turn toward transformative action in your rural or urban area of the country. You'll get the latest in outreach and intervention efforts, and you'll find yourself with more and more recommendations for future prevention.
Global Research Network Meeting On Hiv Prevention In Drug Using Populations
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Global Research Network Meeting On Hiv Prevention In Drug Using Populations written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Drug addicts categories.
Hiv Prevention Among Young Injecting Drug Users
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Author : United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
language : en
Publisher: UN
Release Date : 2004
Hiv Prevention Among Young Injecting Drug Users written by United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and has been published by UN this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Medical categories.
Current estimates indicate there are more than three million injecting drug users worldwide who are HIV-positive, with prevalence rates particularly high amongst young people who often lack access to basic prevention services. This publication is based on the findings of a meeting, organised by the Global Youth Network project, held in Brazil in September 2001, which included representatives from organisations working with injecting drug users in eight countries. It contains best practice guidelines for building programmes designed to reach out to young drug users with information, services and structures appropriate to their needs.
Drug Abuse Hiv Aids
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Drug Abuse Hiv Aids written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with AIDS (Disease). categories.
Preventing Hiv In Developing Countries
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Author : Laura Gibney
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1999-01-31
Preventing Hiv In Developing Countries written by Laura Gibney and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-01-31 with Health & Fitness categories.
Until now, planners seeking to create HIV prevention programs in developing countries relied on published interventions successfully implemented in the industrialized world. This volume brings together HIV researchers and activists who describe intervention strategies employed primarily in developing countries. With the battle to control HIV continuing, the contributors provide insights from the field as they summarize implementation problems, successes and failures. End-of-chapter summaries and references are key features. HIV program planners, medical and social workers, researchers, and activists will benefit from Preventing HIV in Developing Countries.