Production Of Short Chain Volatile Fatty Acids And Lactic Acid During Small Scale Ensiling Of Meadow Grass
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Production Of Short Chain Volatile Fatty Acids And Lactic Acid During Small Scale Ensiling Of Meadow Grass
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Author : H. J. H. Elissen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Production Of Short Chain Volatile Fatty Acids And Lactic Acid During Small Scale Ensiling Of Meadow Grass written by H. J. H. Elissen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Fibrolytic Enzymes And Silage Inoculants To Improve The Nutritive Value Of Silage
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Author : Salvador Ordaz Puga
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Fibrolytic Enzymes And Silage Inoculants To Improve The Nutritive Value Of Silage written by Salvador Ordaz Puga and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Ensiling is one of the most common processes used as a conservation method for forages on farms and plays an important role in farm economics. Therefore, with the aim to improve the conservation and the nutritive value of silage, the utilization of silage additives such as fibrolytic enzymes (FE) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants has been a common on-farm practice. FE are enzymes capable of breaking down complex polysaccharides such as cellulose and hemicellulose. The latter results in an increased substrate availability for epiphytic and inoculated LAB during silage fermentation, thus promoting a higher production of organic acids such as lactic acid and volatile fatty acids such as acetic acid, which are key acids to improve the conservation of the forage by reducing dry matter losses and improving aerobic stability. The degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose results in a partial degradation of fiber measured by the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) extraction technique. Therefore, FE could have the potential to improve ruminal fiber digestibility of treated forages. Alternatively, LAB inoculants are used as silage additives with the primary objective to dominate over the epiphytic bacteria present in silage, to accelerate the fermentation process, and to reinforce aerobic stability of the forage at feed out. Additionally, recent research has shown that certain strains of LAB might have the potential to partially degrade NDF and ADF during ensiling, therefore improving fiber digestibility. The first objective of this research project was to evaluate the effects of different mixtures of FE (a mixture of cellulase and xylanase (C+X); xylanase (X); ss-glucanase (G); a mixture of ss-glucanase and xylanase (G+X); and a negative control) on alfalfa harvested at early and late maturity, and stored for 40 or 120 d of ensiling. Alfalfa harvested at early maturity, treated with FE and ensiled for 40 d did not show significant improvements during ensiling in fiber degradability, fermentation characteristics or fiber digestibility in vitro assessed by the Tilley and Terry methodology. However, when harvested at late maturity and treated with a mixture of C+X; X and G+X, the NDF and ADF content at 40 d of ensiling tended to decrease. FE improved total volatile fatty acid production at 40 and 120 d of ensiling. Improvements in fiber digestibility were observed in vitro at 24 h for the C+X treatments. The results of this study suggest that the effects of FE are more pronounced in silages higher in fiber concentration, such as in the late-maturity alfalfa cut. The second objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of two homofermentative LAB (hoLAB) strains, and two heterofermentative LAB (htLAB) strains on alfalfa harvested at late maturity and stored for 40 or 120 d of ensiling. At 40 d of ensiling, hoLAB-treated silages had the greatest DM recovery and the lowest ADF concentration. Lactic acid production was greater for hoLAB-treated silages. At 120 d of ensiling, hoLAB-treated silages had the highest concentration in lactic acid whereas htLAB had the highest concentration in acetic acid and hoLAB-treated silages had the lowest ADF and NDF concentrations while htLAB tended to have higher NDF concentrations. Overall, it appears that the fiber degradation promoted during ensiling influenced digestibility depending upon hoLAB or htLAB inoculation, with hoLAB showing improved digestibility levels. The presented work suggests that certain FE can have the potential as a management resource on farms aiming to improve the nutritive value of forages with a high fiber concentration. As expected, hoLAB and htLAB inoculants improved the fermentation characteristics of alfalfa silage, but it was shown that LAB may exert a differential effect on fiber digestibility depending on their specific metabolism.
Fate Of Fatty Acids During Ensiling
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Author : Naẓīr Aḥmad K̲h̲ān
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Fate Of Fatty Acids During Ensiling written by Naẓīr Aḥmad K̲h̲ān and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Norfor
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Author : Harald Volden
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-10-05
Norfor written by Harald Volden and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-05 with Science categories.
NorFor is a semi-mechanistic feed evaluation system for cattle, which is used by advisors in Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. This book describes in detail the system and it covers five main sections. The first is concerned with information on feed characteristics, feed analysis and feed digestion methods. The second section describes the digestion and metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract and the supply and requirement of energy and metabolizable amino acids. The third section considers the prediction of feed intake and physical structure of the diet. The fourth section focuses on model evaluation and the final section provides information on the IT solutions and feed ration formulation by a non-linear economical optimization procedure. This book will be of significant interest to researchers, students and advisors of cattle nutrition and feed evaluation.
Mitigation Of Greenhouse Gas Emissions In Livestock Production
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Author : Pierre J. Gerber
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
Release Date : 2013
Mitigation Of Greenhouse Gas Emissions In Livestock Production written by Pierre J. Gerber and has been published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Nature categories.
The current analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential of nutritional, manure and animal husbandry practices for mitigating methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) - i.e. non-carbon dioxide (CO2) - GHG emissions from livestock production. These practices were categorized into enteric CH4, manure management and animal husbandry mitigation practices. Emphasis was placed on enteric CH4 mitigation practices for ruminant animals (only in vivo studies were considered) and manure mitigation practices for both ruminant and monogastric species. Over 900 references were reviewed; simulation and life cycle assessment analyses were generally excluded
The Biochemistry Of Silage
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Author : Peter McDonald
language : en
Publisher: Scholium International
Release Date : 1991
The Biochemistry Of Silage written by Peter McDonald and has been published by Scholium International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Science categories.
Feed Ingredients And Fertilizers For Farmed Aquatic Animals
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Author : Albert G. J. Tacon
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
Release Date : 2009
Feed Ingredients And Fertilizers For Farmed Aquatic Animals written by Albert G. J. Tacon and has been published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Nature categories.
The main body of the document deals with the nutritional composition and usage of major feed ingredient sources in compound aquafeeds, as well as the use of fertilizers and manures in aquaculture operations.
New Horizons In Biotechnology
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Author : S. Roussos
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
New Horizons In Biotechnology written by S. Roussos and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
The practice of biotechnology, though different in style, scale and substance in globalizing science for development involves all countries. Investment in biotechnology in the industrialised, the developing, and the least developed countries, is now amongst the widely accepted avenues being used for economie development. The simple utilization of kefir technology, the detoxification of injurious chemical pesticides e.g. parathion, the genetic tailoring of new crops, and the production of a first of a kind of biopharmaceuticals illustrate the global scope and content of biotechnology research endeavour and effort. In the developing and least developed nations, and in which the 9 most populous countries· are encountered, problems concerning management of the environment, food security, conservation of human health resources and capacity building are important factors that influence the path to sustainable development. Long-term use of biotechnology in the agricultural, food, energy and health sectors is expected to yield a windfall of economic, environmental and social benefits. Already the prototypes of new medicines and of prescription fruit vaccines are available. Gene based agriculture and medieine is increasingly being adopted and accepted. Emerging trends and practices are reflected in the designing of more efficient bioprocesses, and in new research in enzyme and fermentation technology, in the bioconversion of agro industrial residues into bio-utility products, in animal healthcare, and in the bioremediation and medical biotechnologies. Indeed, with each new day, new horizons in biotechnology beckon.
Multivariate Analysis Of Quality
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Author : Harald Martens
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2001-02-08
Multivariate Analysis Of Quality written by Harald Martens and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-02-08 with Science categories.
Die Datenanalyse mit mehreren Variablen gehört zum Alltag der Chemometrie. Die Autoren sind ausgezeichnete Spezialisten auf dem Gebiet der multivariaten Analyse. Sie geben hier in saloppem Stil und aufgelockert durch zahlreiche witzige Cartoons eine verständliche Einführung in dieses Thema. Erläutert werden eine Reihe von Anwendungen bei der Qualitätskontrolle, insbesondere in der Nahrungsmittelindustrie. Mit zahlreichen Kontrollfragen und Übungsaufgaben!
Rational Livestock Nutrition In Rural Areas
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Author : Maja Słupczyńska
language : en
Publisher: Tudás Alapítvány
Release Date : 2020-01-15
Rational Livestock Nutrition In Rural Areas written by Maja Słupczyńska and has been published by Tudás Alapítvány this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Livestock nutrition is one of the most important issue in animal production both in physiological-economic terms as well as the impact of livestock on the environment. The handbook „Rational livestock nutrition in rural areas” has been funded with support from the European Commission under Erasmus + programme – Cooperation for innovation and good practice. The book has been developed by experts in various fields of agriculture – animal nutrition and feed science, animal husbandry, agronomy and veterinary medicine. The authors of this book, originating from five different countries – Poland, Turkey, Romania, Italy and Hungary by working within the framework of the established Strategic Partnership – Vocational Education and Training have developed a comprehensive compendium aimed at transfer of knowledge, good practice and innovation in the field of agriculture with emphasis on rational nutrition of livestock. The book covers five broad issues of livestock nutrition. Chapter one – „Physiology of Nutrition”, is related to the anatomy and functions of particular organs of the farm animals’ digestive tracts, type of nutrients found in the livestock diets, as well digestion, absorption and metabolism of these compounds. An extensive characteristics of most common used in animal nutrition feeds, their processing, feed additives as well as the mechanism of their action are presented in the second chapter – „Feed and Feed Additives”. The chapter number three – „Animal Feeding Systems in Europe” in a synthetic way explains the fundamentals of commonly used feeding systems of ruminants, pigs, poultry, horses and rabbits. This chapter also provides several schemes of daily rations/concentrate mixtures formulation for various farm animal species. An extensive chapter number four is dedicated to animal welfare as well etiology, treatment and prevention of metabolic diseases in animals that livestock breeders are struggling every day. Last but not least, the fifth chapter raises issues related to livestock production in terms of environmental and legal conditions under the common agricultural policy of member countries. The possibilities of reducing the negative impact of livestock production on the environment, so called „good practices” are discussed in this chapter. The book “Rational Livestock Nutrition in Rural Areas” is intended for people involved in animal production – mainly farmers but it can also be used by agricultural and nutritional consultants, zootechnical service workers. Students of vocational agricultural schools and, to some extent, students of natural and agricultural universities may benefit this book as well.