Projektfinanzierung F R Solarkraftwerke Auf Dem Deutschen Markt
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Projektfinanzierung F R Solarkraftwerke Auf Dem Deutschen Markt
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Author : Yanislav Naskov Boyanov
language : de
Publisher: diplom.de
Release Date : 2010-10-04
Projektfinanzierung F R Solarkraftwerke Auf Dem Deutschen Markt written by Yanislav Naskov Boyanov and has been published by diplom.de this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-04 with Science categories.
Inhaltsangabe:Einleitung: Bei Vorhaben, welche die Finanzkraft und die Risikobereitschaft eines Unternehmens übersteigen und trotzdem aus wirtschaftlicher Sicht sehr attraktiv sind, ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, die Chancen und Risiken auf mehrere Projektbeteiligte zu verteilen. Das Projekt selber kann dabei die Ansprüche der Kapitalgeber mit seinem Cashflow befriedigen. Diese beiden zentralen Ansätze- Cashflow-Orientierung und Risikoteilung zwischen den Projektbeteiligten- zeichnen eine Projektfinanzierung aus. Bereits in der Antike setzte man Elemente der Projektfinanzierung zur Finanzierung von Handelsreisen ein. Die dafür benötigten Kredite wurden durch die Erlöse des Verkaufs der Waren getilgt. Im 17. Jahrhundert wurden die Handelsreisen nach Indien unter der Besonderheit finanziert, dass die Fremdkapitalgeber beim Verlust der Waren (z.B. Schiffbruch) auf ihre Ansprüche auf Rückzahlung des Kredits verzichteten. Somit verblieb das Risiko bei den Financiers. Der Begriff Projektfinanzierung hat sich seit Ende des letzten Jahrhunderts in den Bereichen der Infrastruktur und der Rohstoffförderung entwickelt. Das prominenteste Beispiel aus der jüngeren Geschichte ist die Errichtung des Suez-Kanals. Heute stellt die Projektfinanzierung weltweit ein branchenübergreifendes Finanzierungsinstrument dar. Eine intelligente Bereitstellung und ein sparsamer Umgang mit der Energie stellen die Herausforderungen des 21. Jahrhundert dar. Heute wird Strom im Wesentlichen durch fossile Energieträger erzeugt. Der Anteil der Erneuerbaren Energien in Deutschland an der Stromerzeugung beträgt zurzeit etwa 15,0%. Damit die CO2-Emissionen reduziert werden können, was eines der zentralen Ziele der Energiepolitik ist, und der geplante Ausstieg aus der Kernenergie realisierbar wird, müssen die Erneuerbaren Energien mittel- bis langfristig eine wichtigere Rolle für die Energieversorgung übernehmen. Zum 1. Januar 2009 wurden das Erneuerbare-Energien-Wärmegesetz (EE-WärmeG) und die Neufassung des bewährten Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes (EEG) verabschiedet. Somit hat sich die Bundesregierung als Ziel gesetzt, den Beitrag der erneuerbaren Energien zur Stromerzeugung bis 2020 auf mindestens 30% ansteigen zu lassen. Bis 2050 ist geplant, die Hälfte des gesamten Energieverbrauchs durch Erneuerbare Energien bereitzustellen. Während die Erneuerbaren Energiequellen wie Windenergie oder Biomasse langsam ihre Grenzen in Deutschland erreichen, erweist sich Solarenergie als die [...]
Large Infrastructure Projects In Germany
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Author : Genia Kostka
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-05-23
Large Infrastructure Projects In Germany written by Genia Kostka and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-23 with Social Science categories.
This book presents an analysis of why some large infrastructure projects are delayed or compromised and offers important insights into the better delivery of future projects. It provides an important reaction to the ambitious €315 billion investment plan devised by the European Commission, wherein Europe's infrastructure is a key investment target. Germany is adopted as a focus, as Europe's largest economy, and a nation that has seen significant delays and tensions in the delivery of key infrastructure projects. The contributions to this volume demonstrate various patterns for infrastructure assets and illustrate how factors such as poor project governance, early planning mistakes, inappropriate risk management and unforeseen technological challenges influence delivery. The in-depth case studies on the Berlin Brandenburg Airport, the Hamburg Elbphilharmonie, and offshore wind parks show how project delivery can face massive problems, and illuminating solutions are offered to these problems. Overall, the case of Germany also offers the opportunity to assess various new forms of project delivery, such as public-private partnerships (PPP), and the risks and opportunities of ambitious first-mover 'pioneer' projects. The book will be of great interest for scholars and upper-level students of human geography, business and management, as well as policy makers.
Business Project Management And Marketing
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Author : Michael Kleinaltenkamp
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-01-08
Business Project Management And Marketing written by Michael Kleinaltenkamp and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-08 with Business & Economics categories.
Marketing and implementing large-volume orders and major projects calls for specific types of expertise. This textbook deals with all of the management tasks involved: order management, inquiry evaluation and proposal preparation, pricing and revenue planning, order financing and financial engineering, contract management, negotiation management, project management, and finally project cooperation. Adopting a cross-sector perspective, it examines both traditional manufacturing industries and business-to-business services. All contributions are presented in an accessible style, making the book well-suited as both a managerial textbook and valuable practical guide.
Modelling And Controlling Hydropower Plants
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Author : German Ardul Munoz-Hernandez
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-06-13
Modelling And Controlling Hydropower Plants written by German Ardul Munoz-Hernandez and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-13 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Hydroelectric power stations are a major source of electricity around the world; understanding their dynamics is crucial to achieving good performance. The electrical power generated is normally controlled by individual feedback loops on each unit. The reference input to the power loop is the grid frequency deviation from its set point, thus structuring an external frequency control loop. The book discusses practical and well-documented cases of modelling and controlling hydropower stations, focused on a pumped storage scheme based in Dinorwig, North Wales. These accounts are valuable to specialist control engineers who are working in this industry. In addition, the theoretical treatment of modern and classic controllers will be useful for graduate and final year undergraduate engineering students. This book reviews SISO and MIMO models, which cover the linear and nonlinear characteristics of pumped storage hydroelectric power stations. The most important dynamic features are discussed. The verification of these models by hardware in the loop simulation is described. To show how the performance of a pumped storage hydroelectric power station can be improved, classical and modern controllers are applied to simulated models of Dinorwig power plant, that include PID, Fuzzy approximation, Feed-Forward and Model Based Predictive Control with linear and hybrid prediction models.
Precision Medicine In Chronic Inflammation
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-11-09
Precision Medicine In Chronic Inflammation written by and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-09 with Medical categories.
Fundamentals Of Business To Business Marketing
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Author : Michael Kleinaltenkamp
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-03-02
Fundamentals Of Business To Business Marketing written by Michael Kleinaltenkamp and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-02 with Business & Economics categories.
This textbook gives a comprehensive overview of the key principles of business marketing. The reader will be introduced into methods and theories in order to understand business markets and marketing better. Not only are the principles of business marketing addressed, but also deep knowledge of organizational buying and market research on business markets. The book sets the stage for developing marketing programs for business markets in their different facets.
International Project Finance
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Author : John Dewar
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2011-04-07
International Project Finance written by John Dewar and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-07 with Business & Economics categories.
Providing a wide focus on financial techniques and sector coverage on an international scale, this book gives a thorough treatment of the basic principles which affect the structuring and documentation of project financings. It studies structural, legal and contractual differences between the different sectors using project financing techniques.
Responsibilities And Functions Of A Nuclear Energy Programme Implementing Organization
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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-07-02
Responsibilities And Functions Of A Nuclear Energy Programme Implementing Organization written by International Atomic Energy Agency and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
An important element of the milestones approach to introducing nuclear power is a mechanism to coordinate efforts among the many organizations and individuals who have roles to play in the process. This mechanism is referred to as a nuclear energy programme implementing organization (NEPIO). This publication describes a set of responsibilities, functions and activities that States can use as guidance for establishing a NEPIO and ensuring its effectiveness. This revision incorporates lessons learned from integrated nuclear infrastructure review missions and IAEA technical assistance activities. It attempts to clarify that there are many ways to structure a NEPIO and that each could result in the successful execution of all functions and activities. Several case studies are included. Consistent with the revision of IAEA Nuclear Energy Series No. NG-G-3.1 (Rev. 1) Milestones in the Development of a National Infrastructure for Nuclear Power published in 2015, this publication recognizes that the NEPIO plays an important and evolving role in each of the three phases of nuclear power infrastructure development.
Photovoltaics
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Author : Konrad Mertens
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2018-07-23
Photovoltaics written by Konrad Mertens and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A comprehensive tutorial on photovoltaic technology now fully updated to include solar storage and the latest methods for on-site plant measurements Starting with the basic principles of solar energy, this fully updated, practical text explains the fundamentals of semiconductor physics and the structure and functioning of the solar cell. It describes the latest measurement techniques for solar modules, and the planning and operation of grid-connected and off-grid PV systems. It also looks at other thin film cells, hybrid wafer cells, and concentrator systems. Additionally, this Second Edition covers solar modules and solar generators; system technology of grid connected plants; the storage of solar energy; photovoltaic measurement technology; the planning and operation of grid-connected systems; economic efficiency of PV systems; and the future development of PV. Presents the latest advances in PV R&D and industry deployment Updated illustrations and tabular data reflect current state-of-the-art and PV technology efficiencies Offers expanded tutorial sections to aid teaching and self-study Includes a brand-new chapter on Solar Energy Storage Features two enlarged chapters—one on up-to-date photovoltaic metrology and the other on the future developments in photovoltaics Comes along with the accompanying website www.textbook-pv.org which offers free downloadable figures of the book, solutions of exercises, additional free PV software etc. Developed to prepare engineering students for the PV industry, this practical text is an essential PV primer.
Iii Nitride Ultraviolet Emitters
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Author : Michael Kneissl
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-11-12
Iii Nitride Ultraviolet Emitters written by Michael Kneissl and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-12 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in group III-nitride based ultraviolet LED and laser technologies, covering different substrate approaches, a review of optical, electronic and structural properties of InAlGaN materials as well as various optoelectronic components. In addition, the book gives an overview of a number of key application areas for UV emitters and detectors, including water purification, phototherapy, sensing, and UV curing. The book is written for researchers and graduate level students in the area of semiconductor materials, optoelectronics and devices as well as developers and engineers in the various application fields of UV emitters and detectors.