Psychological Responses To Violations Of Expectations Perspectives And Answers From Diverse Fields Of Psychology
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Psychological Responses To Violations Of Expectations Perspectives And Answers From Diverse Fields Of Psychology
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Author : Mario Gollwitzer
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2018-03-19
Psychological Responses To Violations Of Expectations Perspectives And Answers From Diverse Fields Of Psychology written by Mario Gollwitzer and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-19 with categories.
From Pavlov's dog expecting food when hearing a bell to stereotypes as expectations about other people’s behaviour, from Bandura’s self-efficacy as expectation for success and failure of one’s own behaviour to the "predictive brain" concept in current perception theories: expectations have been a central construct in different areas of psychological research. In each of these areas, specific concepts, theoretical approaches, and empirical methods have been developed to explain when and why expectations persist and when they do not. Many theories assume that expectations are likely to change in the face of disconfirming evidence. However, sometimes expectations persist even though they are empirically violated, suggesting that they can be “sticky” under certain circumstances. But what are these circumstances? And what are the psychological mechanisms that can explain why and when expectations persist or change after being confronted with expectation-violating evidence? Each contribution of the current book offers insights into individuals’ reactions to violations of expectations. They show that many pieces of the puzzle have been collected in the many sub-displiclines of psychology and that putting them together in an integrative fashion stays a fascinating enterprise.
Bulletin Of The Atomic Scientists
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1955-04
Bulletin Of The Atomic Scientists written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1955-04 with categories.
The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.
Sweet Anticipation
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Author : David Huron
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2008-01-25
Sweet Anticipation written by David Huron and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-25 with Psychology categories.
The psychological theory of expectation that David Huron proposes in Sweet Anticipation grew out of the author's experimental efforts to understand how music evokes emotions. These efforts evolved into a general theory of expectation that will prove informative to readers interested in cognitive science and evolutionary psychology as well as those interested in music. The book describes a set of psychological mechanisms and illustrates how these mechanisms work in the case of music. All examples of notated music can be heard on the Web. Huron proposes that emotions evoked by expectation involve five functionally distinct response systems: reaction responses (which engage defensive reflexes); tension responses (where uncertainty leads to stress); prediction responses (which reward accurate prediction); imagination responses (which facilitate deferred gratification); and appraisal responses (which occur after conscious thought is engaged). For real-world events, these five response systems typically produce a complex mixture of feelings. The book identifies some of the aesthetic possibilities afforded by expectation, and shows how common musical devices (such as syncopation, cadence, meter, tonality, and climax) exploit the psychological opportunities. The theory also provides new insights into the physiological psychology of awe, laughter, and spine-tingling chills. Huron traces the psychology of expectations from the patterns of the physical/cultural world through imperfectly learned heuristics used to predict that world to the phenomenal qualia we experienced as we apprehend the world.
Handbook Of Metamemory And Memory
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Author : John Dunlosky
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-10-18
Handbook Of Metamemory And Memory written by John Dunlosky and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-18 with Psychology categories.
This Handbook examines the interplay between metamemory and memory. Each contributor discusses cutting-edge theory and research that, in some way, showcases the symbiotic relationship between metamemory and memory. Together, these chapters support a central thesis, which is that a complete understanding of either metamemory or memory is not possible without understanding their mutual influence. The inspiration for this volume was the life and research of Thomas O. Nelson, whose pioneering and influential research in the fields of metamemory and memory consistently highlighted their integrated nature.
Re Visioning Psychiatry
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Author : Laurence J. Kirmayer
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2015-07-29
Re Visioning Psychiatry written by Laurence J. Kirmayer and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-29 with Medical categories.
Revisioning Psychiatry brings together new perspectives on the causes and treatment of mental health problems. The contributors emphasize the importance of understanding experience and explore how the brain, the person, and the social world interact to give rise to mental health problems as well as resilience and recovery.
Sociogenetic Perspectives On Internalization
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Author : Brian D. Cox
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-05-13
Sociogenetic Perspectives On Internalization written by Brian D. Cox and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-13 with Psychology categories.
The issue of how the external world becomes part of the behavioral repertoire of children has been important to psychology from its very beginning, preoccupying theorists from Sigmund Freud to George Herbert Mead. But ever since Lev Vygotsky claimed that every function in a child's activity appears first as a process in the social realm between individuals and moves to a process that individual children can accomplish relatively independently, there has been increased debate as to exactly how this process of internalization happens. In contemporary developmental psychology, the process of internalization has become so important that the time is ripe for a book which explicitly addresses the problems it poses. Although the chapters in this book deal with age groups from preschool to adolescence, and topics from mathematics to storytelling and from taking risks to making moral judgments, there is one core question which unifies them all: If the growing competence of a child is truly sociogenetic, if it truly grows out from, is supported by, and is dependent upon the social, where is that competence truly located? Bearing a variety of labels--cultural-historical, co-constructionist, dialectical, contextualist, narrative, hermeneutic, and discursive psychologies--and analytic constructs--scaffolding, proleptic instruction, participation, appropriation, and situated activity--contemporary perspectives are showing clear signs of development and differentiation. This volume's goal is to help bring some order to these differences, without denying either the usefulness of this variety or the importance of the differences among perspectives. This new book illuminates these differences by collecting a select sample of theory and research into one of two major sections. The first section includes work undertaken from a social interactive perspective. The overarching aim is to identify processes of child-child or child-adult interactions as they emerge over relatively short periods of time. Typically, the methodology involves the microanalysis of videotaped interactions. Development is situated literally within social interactions which are considered directly responsible for children's development. The second section provides a sample of work representing a symbolic action perspective. This one is not oriented toward social interactions but toward the symbolic meanings that they express and that children impose on them. The dominant methodology is interpretive or hermeneutic, and the goal is to articulate the figurative (metaphoric) processes and narrative structures that inhabit social actions and from which they draw their meaning and coherence.
Digital And Social Media Marketing
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Author : Nripendra P. Rana
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-11-11
Digital And Social Media Marketing written by Nripendra P. Rana and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-11 with Business & Economics categories.
This book examines issues and implications of digital and social media marketing for emerging markets. These markets necessitate substantial adaptations of developed theories and approaches employed in the Western world. The book investigates problems specific to emerging markets, while identifying new theoretical constructs and practical applications of digital marketing. It addresses topics such as electronic word of mouth (eWOM), demographic differences in digital marketing, mobile marketing, search engine advertising, among others. A radical increase in both temporal and geographical reach is empowering consumers to exert influence on brands, products, and services. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and digital media are having a significant impact on the way people communicate and fulfil their socio-economic, emotional and material needs. These technologies are also being harnessed by businesses for various purposes including distribution and selling of goods, retailing of consumer services, customer relationship management, and influencing consumer behaviour by employing digital marketing practices. This book considers this, as it examines the practice and research related to digital and social media marketing.
Processes Of Prejudice
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Author : Dominic Abrams
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Processes Of Prejudice written by Dominic Abrams and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Discrimination categories.
Encoding And Navigating Linguistic Representations In Memory
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Author : Claudia Felser
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-03-22
Encoding And Navigating Linguistic Representations In Memory written by Claudia Felser and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-22 with categories.
Successful speaking and understanding requires mechanisms for reliably encoding structured linguistic representations in memory and for effectively accessing information in those representations later. Studying the time-course of real-time linguistic dependency formation provides a valuable tool for uncovering the cognitive and neural basis of these mechanisms. This volume draws together multiple perspectives on encoding and navigating structured linguistic representations, to highlight important empirical insights, and to identify key priorities for new research in this area.
International Law And The Public
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Author : Geoffrey P. R. Wallace
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 2024-08-15
International Law And The Public written by Geoffrey P. R. Wallace and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-08-15 with Law categories.
In International Law and the Public, Geoffrey P.R. Wallace investigates the public as a crucial, often overlooked, actor in international law. He asks just who is it that counts in the operation of the international legal order. Defying conventional wisdom that sees governments, leaders, generals, lawyers, or elites from the upper echelons of society as the main international legal players, Wallace advances a "popular international law" where ordinary people are considered important legal actors in their own right alongside the usual focus on elites. Far from powerless or unwitting, publics possess both the cognitive and material capacities to understand and contribute to the intricacies of international legal rules. Combining rigorous theorizing with wide-ranging evidence, International Law and the Public is an account of an international legal politics from below, taking seriously the place of ordinary people in international affairs.