Pulse And Synchro Photon Electronics

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Pulse And Synchro Photon Electronics

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Author : Ferdinandas Vaitiekūnas
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2023-03-28

Pulse And Synchro Photon Electronics written by Ferdinandas Vaitiekūnas and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This book presents the theory of large-signal nonlinear impulse processes occurring in bipolar and field-effect transistors with a Schottky gate, collapse TRAPATT and tunnel diodes, superlattices, and double heterojunction lasers. It evaluates the maximum speed of impulse operation of these elements and experimentally constructs the generation of pulse oscillations with a repetition frequency of up to 1, 2 and 4 GHz. Original or adapted methods of mathematical modeling of processes provide an opportunity to obtain quantitative dependencies of generated pulse parameters, while the book also details the synchro-photon effect. In addition, as shown here, when a semiconductor element is switched on by an electric pulse, and at the same time a pulse of photons synchronously illuminates it, an effect occurs which increases the switching speed of the element by an order of magnitude. At the same time, the switching transient characteristic is shortened by 10 times or more. After applying this effect in pulse generators in the gigahertz frequency range, an increase in the repetition frequency of the generated oscillations is possible.

Optical And Electronic Process Of Nano Matters

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Author : Motoichi Ohtsu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17

Optical And Electronic Process Of Nano Matters written by Motoichi Ohtsu and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Sizes of electronic and photonic devices are decreasing drastically in order to increase the degree of integration for large-capacity and ultrahigh speed signal transmission and information processing. This miniaturization must be rapidly progressed from now onward. For this progress, the sizes of materials for composing these devices will be also decreased to several nanometers. If such a nanometer-sized material is combined with the photons and/or some other fields, it can exhibit specific characters, which are considerably different from those ofbulky macroscopic systems. This combined system has been called as a mesoscopic system. The first purpose of this book is to study the physics of the mesoscopic system. For this study, it is essential to diagnose the characteristics of miniaturized devices and materials with the spatial resolution as high as several nanometers or even higher. Therefore, novel methods, e.g., scanning probe microscopy, should be developed for such the high-resolution diagnostics. The second purpose of this book is to explore the possibility of developing new methods for these diagnostics by utilizing local interaction between materials and electron, photon, atomic force, and so on. Conformation and structure of the materials of the mesoscopic system can be modified by enhancing the local interaction between the materials and electromagnetic field. This modification can suggest the possibility of novel nano-fabrication methods. The third purpose of this book is to explore the methods for such nano-fabrication.

Electron Beam Testing Technology

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Author : John T.L. Thong
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29

Electron Beam Testing Technology written by John T.L. Thong and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.

Although exploratory and developmental activity in electron beam testing (EBT) 25 years, it was not had already been in existence in research laboratories for over until the beginning of the 1980s that it was taken up seriously as a technique for integrated circuit (IC) testing. While ICs were being fabricated on design rules of several microns, the mechanical ne edle probe served quite adequately for internal chip probing. This scenario changed with growing device complexity and shrinking geometries, prompting IC manufacturers to take note ofthis new testing technology. It required several more years and considerable investment by electron beam tester manufacturers, however, to co me up with user-friendly automated systems that were acceptable to IC test engineers. These intervening years witnessed intense activity in the development of instrumentation, testing techniques, and system automation, as evidenced by the proliferation of technical papers presented at conferences. With the shift of interest toward applications, the technology may now be considered as having come of age.

Photon Correlation Techniques In Fluid Mechanics

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Author : E.O. Schulz-Dubois
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-06-29

Photon Correlation Techniques In Fluid Mechanics written by E.O. Schulz-Dubois and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.

Photon correlation is a kind of spectroscopy designed to identify optical frequency shifts and line-broadening effects in the range of many MHz down to a few Hz. The optical intensity is measured in terms of single photon detection events which result in current pulses at the output of photomulti plier tubes. This signal is processed in real time in a special-purpose paral lel processor known as a correlator. The resulting photon correlation func tion, a function in the time domain, contains the desired spectral informa tion, which may be extracted by a suitable algorithm. Due to the non-intrusive nature and the sound theoretical basis of photon correlation, the phenomena under study are not disturbed, and the parameters in question can be precisely evaluated. For these reasons photon correlation has become a valuable and in many instances indispensable technique in two distinct fields. One of these is velocimetry in fluid flow. This includes hydro- and aerodynamic processes in liquids, gases, or flames where the velo city field may be stationary, time periodic, or turbulent, and may range from micrometers per second for motion inside biological cells to one kilometer per second for supersonic flow. The other major field is stochastic particle propagation due to Brownian motion.

Molecular And Laser Spectroscopy

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Author : V.P. Gupta
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2017-09-18

Molecular And Laser Spectroscopy written by V.P. Gupta and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-18 with Science categories.

Molecular and Laser Spectroscopy: Advances and Applications provides students and researchers with an up-to-date understanding of the fast-developing area of molecular and laser spectroscopy. Editor V.P. Gupta has brought together the eminent scientists on a selection of topics to develop a systematic approach, first covering basic principles needed to understand each cutting-edge technique and application. This book acts as a standard reference for advanced students of molecular and laser spectroscopy and as a graduate text for new entrants in the field. The book covers a wide range of applications of molecular and laser spectroscopy in diverse areas ranging from materials to medicine and defence, biomedical research, environmental monitoring, forensic investigations, food and agriculture, and chemical, pharmaceutical and petrochemical processes. Researchers and scientific personnel in these fields will learn the latest techniques in order to put them to practical use in their work. - Covers several areas of spectroscopy research in a single volume, saving researchers time - Includes exhaustive lists of research articles, reviews and books at the end of each chapter to point readers in the right direction for further learning - Features illustrative examples of the varied applications - Serves as a practical guide to those interested in using molecular and laser spectroscopy tools in their research and field applications

Multiphoton Lithography

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Author : Jürgen Stampfl
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2016-09-12

Multiphoton Lithography written by Jürgen Stampfl and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-12 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This first book on this fascinating, interdisciplinary topic meets the much-felt need for an up-to-date overview of the field. Written with both beginners and professionals in mind, this ready reference begins with an introductory section explaining the basics of the various multi-photon and photochemical processes together with a description of the equipment needed. A team of leading international experts provides the latest research results on such materials as new photoinitiators, hybrid photopolymers, and metallic carbon nanotube composites. They also cover promising applications and prospective trends, including photonic crystals, microfluidic devices, biological scaffolds, metamaterials, waveguides, and functionalized hydrogels. By bringing together the essentials for both industrial and academic researchers, this is an invaluable companion for materials scientists, polymer chemists, surface chemists, surface physicists, biophysicists, and medical scientists working with 3D micro- and nanostructures.

A Practical Guide To Optical Microscopy

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Author : John Girkin
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2019-06-14

A Practical Guide To Optical Microscopy written by John Girkin and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-14 with Science categories.

Choice Recommended Title, March 2020 Optical microscopy is used in a vast range of applications ranging from materials engineering to in vivo observations and clinical diagnosis, and thanks to the latest advances in technology, there has been a rapid growth in the number of methods available. This book is aimed at providing users with a practical guide to help them select, and then use, the most suitable method for their application. It explores the principles behind the different forms of optical microscopy, without the use of complex maths, to provide an understanding to help the reader utilise a specific method and then interpret the results. Detailed physics is provided in boxed sections, which can be bypassed by the non-specialist. It is an invaluable tool for use within research groups and laboratories in the life and physical sciences, acting as a first source for practical information to guide less experienced users (or those new to a particular methodology) on the range of techniques available. Features: The first book to cover all current optical microscopy methods for practical applications Written to be understood by a non-optical expert with inserts to provide the physical science background Brings together conventional widefield and confocal microscopy, with advanced non-linear and super resolution methods, in one book To learn more about the author please visit here.

X Ray Absorption And X Ray Emission Spectroscopy

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Author : Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2016-01-08

X Ray Absorption And X Ray Emission Spectroscopy written by Jeroen A. van Bokhoven and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-08 with Science categories.

During the last two decades, remarkable and often spectacular progress has been made in the methodological and instrumental aspects of x–ray absorption and emission spectroscopy. This progress includes considerable technological improvements in the design and production of detectors especially with the development and expansion of large-scale synchrotron reactors All this has resulted in improved analytical performance and new applications, as well as in the perspective of a dramatic enhancement in the potential of x–ray based analysis techniques for the near future. This comprehensive two-volume treatise features articles that explain the phenomena and describe examples of X–ray absorption and emission applications in several fields, including chemistry, biochemistry, catalysis, amorphous and liquid systems, synchrotron radiation, and surface phenomena. Contributors explain the underlying theory, how to set up X–ray absorption experiments, and how to analyze the details of the resulting spectra. X-Ray Absorption and X-ray Emission Spectroscopy: Theory and Applications: Combines the theory, instrumentation and applications of x-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies which offer unique diagnostics to study almost any object in the Universe. Is the go-to reference book in the subject for all researchers across multi-disciplines since intense beams from modern sources have revolutionized x-ray science in recent years Is relevant to students, postdocurates and researchers working on x-rays and related synchrotron sources and applications in materials, physics, medicine, environment/geology, and biomedical materials

Electronic And Nuclear Quantum Dynamics Of Molecules In Intense Laser Fields

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Author : Yuichi Fujimura
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-04-28

Electronic And Nuclear Quantum Dynamics Of Molecules In Intense Laser Fields written by Yuichi Fujimura and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-28 with Science categories.

Multiphoton Processes And Attosecond Physics

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Author : Kaoru Yamanouchi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-08-15

Multiphoton Processes And Attosecond Physics written by Kaoru Yamanouchi and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-15 with Science categories.

Recent advances in ultrashort pulsed laser technology have opened new frontiers in atomic, molecular and optical sciences. The 12th International Conference on Multiphoton Processes (ICOMP12) and the 3rd International Conference on Attosecond Physics (ATTO3), held jointly in Sapporo, Japan, during July 3-8, showcased studies at the forefront of research on multiphoton processes and attosecond physics. This book summarizes presentations and discussions from these two conferences.