Quadratic Residues And Non Residues
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Quadratic Residues And Non Residues
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Author : Steve Wright
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-11-11
Quadratic Residues And Non Residues written by Steve Wright and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-11 with Mathematics categories.
This book offers an account of the classical theory of quadratic residues and non-residues with the goal of using that theory as a lens through which to view the development of some of the fundamental methods employed in modern elementary, algebraic, and analytic number theory. The first three chapters present some basic facts and the history of quadratic residues and non-residues and discuss various proofs of the Law of Quadratic Reciprosity in depth, with an emphasis on the six proofs that Gauss published. The remaining seven chapters explore some interesting applications of the Law of Quadratic Reciprocity, prove some results concerning the distribution and arithmetic structure of quadratic residues and non-residues, provide a detailed proof of Dirichlet’s Class-Number Formula, and discuss the question of whether quadratic residues are randomly distributed. The text is a valuable resource for graduate and advanced undergraduate students as well as for mathematicians interested in number theory.
Analytic Number Theory
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Author : Bruce C. Berndt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Analytic Number Theory written by Bruce C. Berndt and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Mathematics categories.
On May 16 -20, 1995, approximately 150 mathematicians gathered at the Conference Center of the University of Illinois at Allerton Park for an Inter national Conference on Analytic Number Theory. The meeting marked the approaching official retirement of Heini Halberstam from the mathematics fac ulty of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Professor Halberstam has been at the University since 1980, for 8 years as head of the Department of Mathematics, and has been a leading researcher and teacher in number theory for over forty years. The program included invited one hour lectures by G. Andrews, J. Bour gain, J. M. Deshouillers, H. Halberstam, D. R. Heath-Brown, H. Iwaniec, H. L. Montgomery, R. Murty, C. Pomerance, and R. C. Vaughan, and almost one hundred other talks of varying lengths. These volumes comprise contributions from most of the principal speakers and from many of the other participants, as well as some papers from mathematicians who were unable to attend. The contents span a broad range of themes from contemporary number theory, with the majority having an analytic flavor.
Prime Numbers And Computer Methods For Factorization
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Author : Hans Riesel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Prime Numbers And Computer Methods For Factorization written by Hans Riesel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Mathematics categories.
In the modern age of almost universal computer usage, practically every individual in a technologically developed society has routine access to the most up-to-date cryptographic technology that exists, the so-called RSA public-key cryptosystem. A major component of this system is the factorization of large numbers into their primes. Thus an ancient number-theory concept now plays a crucial role in communication among millions of people who may have little or no knowledge of even elementary mathematics. Hans Riesel’s highly successful first edition of this book has now been enlarged and updated with the goal of satisfying the needs of researchers, students, practitioners of cryptography, and non-scientific readers with a mathematical inclination. It includes important advances in computational prime number theory and in factorization as well as re-computed and enlarged tables, accompanied by new tables reflecting current research by both the author and his coworkers and by independent researchers. The book treats four fundamental problems: the number of primes below a given limit, the approximate number of primes, the recognition of primes and the factorization of large numbers. The author provides explicit algorithms and computer programs, and has attempted to discuss as many of the classically important results as possible, as well as the most recent discoveries. The programs include are written in PASCAL to allow readers to translate the programs into the language of their own computers. The independent structure of each chapter of the book makes it highly readable for a wide variety of mathematicians, students of applied number theory, and others interested in both study and research in number theory and cryptography.
Lectures On Number Theory
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Author : Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet
language : en
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Release Date :
Lectures On Number Theory written by Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet and has been published by American Mathematical Soc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Mathematics categories.
This volume is a translation of Dirichlet's Vorlesungen uber Zahlentheorie which includes nine supplements by Dedekind and an introduction by John Stillwell, who translated the volume. Lectures on Number Theory is the first of its kind on the subject matter. It covers most of the topics that are standard in a modern first course on number theory, but also includes Dirichlet's famous results on class numbers and primes in arithmetic progressions. The book is suitable as a textbook, yet it also offers a fascinating historical perspective that links Gauss with modern number theory.
Primes Of The Form X2 Ny2
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Author : David A. Cox
language : en
Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
Release Date : 1989
Primes Of The Form X2 Ny2 written by David A. Cox and has been published by Wiley-Interscience this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Mathematics categories.
Modern number theory began with the work of Euler and Gauss to understand and extend the many unsolved questions left behind by Fermat. In the course of their investigations, they uncovered new phenomena in need of explanation, which over time led to the discovery of class field theory and its intimate connection with complex multiplication. While most texts concentrate on only the elementary or advanced aspects of this story, Primes of the Form x2 + ny2 begins with Fermat and explains how his work ultimately gave birth to quadratic reciprocity and the genus theory of quadratic forms. Further, the book shows how the results of Euler and Gauss can be fully understood only in the context of class field theory. Finally, in order to bring class field theory down to earth, the book explores some of the magnificent formulas of complex multiplication. The central theme of the book is the story of which primes p can be expressed in the form x2 + ny2. An incomplete answer is given using quadratic forms. A better though abstract answer comes from class field theory, and finally, a concrete answer is provided by complex multiplication. Along the way, the reader is introduced to some wonderful number theory. Numerous exercises and examples are included. The book is written to be enjoyed by readers with modest mathematical backgrounds. Chapter 1 uses basic number theory and abstract algebra, while chapters 2 and 3 require Galois theory and complex analysis, respectively.
Elements Of Number Theory
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Author : I. M. Vinogradov
language : en
Publisher: Courier Dover Publications
Release Date : 2016-01-14
Elements Of Number Theory written by I. M. Vinogradov and has been published by Courier Dover Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-14 with Mathematics categories.
"A very welcome addition to books on number theory."—Bulletin, American Mathematical Society Clear and detailed in its exposition, this text can be understood by readers with no background in advanced mathematics; only a small part requires a working knowledge of calculus. One of the most valuable characteristics of this book is its stress on learning number theory by means of demonstrations and problems. More than 200 problems and full solutions appear in the text, plus 100 numerical exercises. Some of these exercises deal with estimation of trigonometric sums and are especially valuable as introductions to more advanced studies. Translation of 1949 Russian edition.
The Higher Arithmetic
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Author : H. Davenport
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1999-12-09
The Higher Arithmetic written by H. Davenport and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-12-09 with Mathematics categories.
Seventh edition of a classic elementary number theory book.
A Comprehensive Course In Number Theory
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Author : Alan Baker
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2012-08-23
A Comprehensive Course In Number Theory written by Alan Baker and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-23 with Mathematics categories.
Developed from the author's popular text, A Concise Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, this book provides a comprehensive initiation to all the major branches of number theory. Beginning with the rudiments of the subject, the author proceeds to more advanced topics, including elements of cryptography and primality testing, an account of number fields in the classical vein including properties of their units, ideals and ideal classes, aspects of analytic number theory including studies of the Riemann zeta-function, the prime-number theorem and primes in arithmetical progressions, a description of the Hardy–Littlewood and sieve methods from respectively additive and multiplicative number theory and an exposition of the arithmetic of elliptic curves. The book includes many worked examples, exercises and further reading. Its wider coverage and versatility make this book suitable for courses extending from the elementary to beginning graduate studies.
Fundamental Number Theory With Applications
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Author : Richard A. Mollin
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1997-09-10
Fundamental Number Theory With Applications written by Richard A. Mollin and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-09-10 with Mathematics categories.
Beginning with the arithmetic of the rational integers and proceeding to an introduction of algebraic number theory via quadratic orders, Fundamental Number Theory with Applications reveals intriguing new applications of number theory. This text details aspects of computer science related to cryptography factoring primality testing complexity analysis computer arithmetic computational number theory Fundamental Number Theory with Applications also covers: Carmichael numbers Dirichlet products Jacobsthal sums Mersenne primes perfect numbers powerful numbers self-contained numbers Numerous exercises are included, testing the reader's knowledge of the concepts covered, introducing new and interesting topics, and providing a venue to learn background material. Written by a professor and author who is an accomplished scholar in this field, this book provides the material essential for an introduction to the fundamentals of number theory.
Elementary Number Theory Primes Congruences And Secrets
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Author : William Stein
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-10-28
Elementary Number Theory Primes Congruences And Secrets written by William Stein and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-28 with Mathematics categories.
This is a book about prime numbers, congruences, secret messages, and elliptic curves that you can read cover to cover. It grew out of undergr- uate courses that the author taught at Harvard, UC San Diego, and the University of Washington. The systematic study of number theory was initiated around 300B. C. when Euclid proved that there are in?nitely many prime numbers, and also cleverly deduced the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, which asserts that every positive integer factors uniquely as a product of primes. Over a thousand years later (around 972A. D. ) Arab mathematicians formulated the congruent number problem that asks for a way to decide whether or not a given positive integer n is the area of a right triangle, all three of whose sides are rational numbers. Then another thousand years later (in 1976), Di?e and Hellman introduced the ?rst ever public-key cryptosystem, which enabled two people to communicate secretely over a public communications channel with no predeterminedsecret; this invention and the ones that followed it revolutionized the world of digital communication. In the 1980s and 1990s, elliptic curves revolutionized number theory, providing striking new insights into the congruent number problem, primality testing, publ- key cryptography, attacks on public-key systems, and playing a central role in Andrew Wiles’ resolution of Fermat’s Last Theorem.