Quantification In Science
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Quantification In Science
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Author : Michele Melaragno
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2012-03-19
Quantification In Science written by Michele Melaragno and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-19 with Mathematics categories.
In any scientific discipline, progress from the abstraction of con cepts to factual quantification is unavoidable. Within the many fields of present-day science, quantification is a reality that touches daily a large percentage of the population, whether individuals are involved with sciences and technologies directly in their occupa tional endeavors, or in the scholastic learning processes, or in their roles as consumers of products as well as recipients of services. With such a large spectrum of applications, the quantification of physical concepts requires a clear understanding of the funda mentals by a varied audience with different levels of education. For quite a few years I have felt the need for a publication that would explain the quantities used in the various sciences, especially in physics and technology, in simple terms, easily understood by a lay audience. I thought that such a work should include definitions of the units involved, their numerical values, the various systems in which they are incorporated, and a practical means of converting each unit into an equivalent one in a different system. Furthermore, to give a realistic context to the units, I thought that it would be beneficial to present them in the historical process in which they were conceived. Therefore, I have included biographical notes about those scientists whose names were used to name the units themselves.
The Quantified Scholar
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Author : Juan Pablo Pardo-Guerra
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2022-08-30
The Quantified Scholar written by Juan Pablo Pardo-Guerra and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-30 with Social Science categories.
Since 1986, the British government, faced with dwindling budgets and growing calls for public accountability, has sought to assess the value of scholarly work in the nation’s universities. Administrators have periodically evaluated the research of most full-time academics employed in British universities, seeking to distribute increasingly scarce funding to those who use it best. How do such attempts to quantify the worth of knowledge change the nature of scholarship? Juan Pablo Pardo-Guerra examines the effects of quantitative research evaluations on British social scientists, arguing that the mission to measure academic excellence resulted in less diversity and more disciplinary conformity. Combining interviews and original computational analyses, The Quantified Scholar provides a compelling account of how scores, metrics, and standardized research evaluations altered the incentives of scientists and administrators by rewarding forms of scholarship that were closer to established disciplinary canons. In doing so, research evaluations amplified publication hierarchies and long-standing forms of academic prestige to the detriment of diversity. Slowly but surely, they reshaped academic departments, the interests of scholars, the organization of disciplines, and the employment conditions of researchers. Critiquing the effects of quantification on the workplace, this book also presents alternatives to existing forms of evaluation, calling for new forms of vocational solidarity that can challenge entrenched inequality in academia.
Uncertainty Quantification And Predictive Computational Science
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Author : Ryan G. McClarren
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-11-23
Uncertainty Quantification And Predictive Computational Science written by Ryan G. McClarren and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-23 with Science categories.
This textbook teaches the essential background and skills for understanding and quantifying uncertainties in a computational simulation, and for predicting the behavior of a system under those uncertainties. It addresses a critical knowledge gap in the widespread adoption of simulation in high-consequence decision-making throughout the engineering and physical sciences. Constructing sophisticated techniques for prediction from basic building blocks, the book first reviews the fundamentals that underpin later topics of the book including probability, sampling, and Bayesian statistics. Part II focuses on applying Local Sensitivity Analysis to apportion uncertainty in the model outputs to sources of uncertainty in its inputs. Part III demonstrates techniques for quantifying the impact of parametric uncertainties on a problem, specifically how input uncertainties affect outputs. The final section covers techniques for applying uncertainty quantification to make predictions under uncertainty, including treatment of epistemic uncertainties. It presents the theory and practice of predicting the behavior of a system based on the aggregation of data from simulation, theory, and experiment. The text focuses on simulations based on the solution of systems of partial differential equations and includes in-depth coverage of Monte Carlo methods, basic design of computer experiments, as well as regularized statistical techniques. Code references, in python, appear throughout the text and online as executable code, enabling readers to perform the analysis under discussion. Worked examples from realistic, model problems help readers understand the mechanics of applying the methods. Each chapter ends with several assignable problems. Uncertainty Quantification and Predictive Computational Science fills the growing need for a classroom text for senior undergraduate and early-career graduate students in the engineering and physical sciences and supports independent study by researchers and professionals who must include uncertainty quantification and predictive science in the simulations they develop and/or perform.
Trust In Numbers
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Author : Theodore M. Porter
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2020-08-18
Trust In Numbers written by Theodore M. Porter and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-18 with Science categories.
A foundational work on historical and social studies of quantification What accounts for the prestige of quantitative methods? The usual answer is that quantification is desirable in social investigation as a result of its successes in science. Trust in Numbers questions whether such success in the study of stars, molecules, or cells should be an attractive model for research on human societies, and examines why the natural sciences are highly quantitative in the first place. Theodore Porter argues that a better understanding of the attractions of quantification in business, government, and social research brings a fresh perspective to its role in psychology, physics, and medicine. Quantitative rigor is not inherent in science but arises from political and social pressures, and objectivity derives its impetus from cultural contexts. In a new preface, the author sheds light on the current infatuation with quantitative methods, particularly at the intersection of science and bureaucracy.
Verification And Validation In Scientific Computing
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Author : William L. Oberkampf
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010-10-14
Verification And Validation In Scientific Computing written by William L. Oberkampf and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-14 with Computers categories.
Advances in scientific computing have made modelling and simulation an important part of the decision-making process in engineering, science, and public policy. This book provides a comprehensive and systematic development of the basic concepts, principles, and procedures for verification and validation of models and simulations. The emphasis is placed on models that are described by partial differential and integral equations and the simulations that result from their numerical solution. The methods described can be applied to a wide range of technical fields, from the physical sciences, engineering and technology and industry, through to environmental regulations and safety, product and plant safety, financial investing, and governmental regulations. This book will be genuinely welcomed by researchers, practitioners, and decision makers in a broad range of fields, who seek to improve the credibility and reliability of simulation results. It will also be appropriate either for university courses or for independent study.
Theory Of Mental Tests
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Author : Harold Gulliksen
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-07-04
Theory Of Mental Tests written by Harold Gulliksen and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-04 with Education categories.
This classic volume outlines, for both students and professionals, the mathematical theories and equations that are necessary for evaluating a test and for quantifying its characteristics. The author utilizes formulas that evaluate both the reliability and the validity of tests. He also provides the means for evaluating the reliability and validity of total test scores and individual item analysis. The work remains one of the only books on classical test theory to discuss applications, "true score" theory, the effect of test length on reliability and validity, and the effects of univariate and multivariate selection on validity.
Quantifying The User Experience
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Author : Jeff Sauro
language : en
Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann
Release Date : 2016-07-12
Quantifying The User Experience written by Jeff Sauro and has been published by Morgan Kaufmann this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-12 with Computers categories.
Quantifying the User Experience: Practical Statistics for User Research, Second Edition, provides practitioners and researchers with the information they need to confidently quantify, qualify, and justify their data. The book presents a practical guide on how to use statistics to solve common quantitative problems that arise in user research. It addresses questions users face every day, including, Is the current product more usable than our competition? Can we be sure at least 70% of users can complete the task on their first attempt? How long will it take users to purchase products on the website? This book provides a foundation for statistical theories and the best practices needed to apply them. The authors draw on decades of statistical literature from human factors, industrial engineering, and psychology, as well as their own published research, providing both concrete solutions (Excel formulas and links to their own web-calculators), along with an engaging discussion on the statistical reasons why tests work and how to effectively communicate results. Throughout this new edition, users will find updates on standardized usability questionnaires, a new chapter on general linear modeling (correlation, regression, and analysis of variance), with updated examples and case studies throughout. - Completely updated to provide practical guidance on solving usability testing problems with statistics for any project, including those using Six Sigma practices - Includes new and revised information on standardized usability questionnaires - Includes a completely new chapter introducing correlation, regression, and analysis of variance - Shows practitioners which test to use, why they work, and best practices for application, along with easy-to-use Excel formulas and web-calculators for analyzing data - Recommends ways for researchers and practitioners to communicate results to stakeholders in plain English
Quantitative Social Science
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Author : Kosuke Imai
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2021-03-16
Quantitative Social Science written by Kosuke Imai and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-16 with Political Science categories.
"Princeton University Press published Imai's textbook, Quantitative Social Science: An Introduction, an introduction to quantitative methods and data science for upper level undergrads and graduates in professional programs, in February 2017. What is distinct about the book is how it leads students through a series of applied examples of statistical methods, drawing on real examples from social science research. The original book was prepared with the statistical software R, which is freely available online and has gained in popularity in recent years. But many existing courses in statistics and data sciences, particularly in some subject areas like sociology and law, use STATA, another general purpose package that has been the market leader since the 1980s. We've had several requests for STATA versions of the text as many programs use it by default. This is a "translation" of the original text, keeping all the current pedagogical text but inserting the necessary code and outputs from STATA in their place"--
Quantification
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Ardent Media
Release Date : 1992
Quantification written by and has been published by Ardent Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with categories.
Spectral Methods For Uncertainty Quantification
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Author : Olivier Le Maitre
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-03-11
Spectral Methods For Uncertainty Quantification written by Olivier Le Maitre and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-11 with Science categories.
This book deals with the application of spectral methods to problems of uncertainty propagation and quanti?cation in model-based computations. It speci?cally focuses on computational and algorithmic features of these methods which are most useful in dealing with models based on partial differential equations, with special att- tion to models arising in simulations of ?uid ?ows. Implementations are illustrated through applications to elementary problems, as well as more elaborate examples selected from the authors’ interests in incompressible vortex-dominated ?ows and compressible ?ows at low Mach numbers. Spectral stochastic methods are probabilistic in nature, and are consequently rooted in the rich mathematical foundation associated with probability and measure spaces. Despite the authors’ fascination with this foundation, the discussion only - ludes to those theoretical aspects needed to set the stage for subsequent applications. The book is authored by practitioners, and is primarily intended for researchers or graduate students in computational mathematics, physics, or ?uid dynamics. The book assumes familiarity with elementary methods for the numerical solution of time-dependent, partial differential equations; prior experience with spectral me- ods is naturally helpful though not essential. Full appreciation of elaborate examples in computational ?uid dynamics (CFD) would require familiarity with key, and in some cases delicate, features of the associated numerical methods. Besides these shortcomings, our aim is to treat algorithmic and computational aspects of spectral stochastic methods with details suf?cient to address and reconstruct all but those highly elaborate examples.