Quantifying Factors Limiting Aerobic Degradation During Aerobic Bioreactor Landfilling And Performance Evaluation Of A Landfill Based Anaerobic Composting Digester For Energy Recovery And Compost Production
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Quantifying Factors Limiting Aerobic Degradation During Aerobic Bioreactor Landfilling And Performance Evaluation Of A Landfill Based Anaerobic Composting Digester For Energy Recovery And Compost Production
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Author : Ramin Yazdani
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Quantifying Factors Limiting Aerobic Degradation During Aerobic Bioreactor Landfilling And Performance Evaluation Of A Landfill Based Anaerobic Composting Digester For Energy Recovery And Compost Production written by Ramin Yazdani and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
The Waste Crisis
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Author : Sahadat Hossain
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2022-07-27
The Waste Crisis written by Sahadat Hossain and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-27 with Science categories.
The Waste Crisis Explore modern solutions to the most critical issues in waste management policy and design In The Waste Crisis: Roadmap for Sustainable Waste Management in Developing Countries, an accomplished team of sustainability researchers deliver a concise insight of modern waste management practices that acts as a handbook for waste management professionals. Along with flow charts and example problems, the authors offer readers the information necessary to support decision making based on country, city size, population, waste generation volume, type, geographical location, and more. The book begins with an overview of current waste management practices, including waste generation, collection, processing, composting, recycling, and disposal. It moves on to a series of case studies from over ten countries and presentations of sustainable waste management strategies. The Waste Crisis: Roadmap for Sustainable Waste Management in Developing Countries concludes with a series of practical and effective final recommendations for future best practices. It also includes: Practical discussions of material flow, cost-effective material recovery, anaerobic digestion, composting, recycling, disposal, training, and human capacity building Comprehensive explorations of unique and robust decision-making strategies for designers, policy makers, and regulators In-depth treatments of ready-to-implement waste management systems perfect for systems designers The Waste Crisis: Roadmap for Sustainable Waste Management in Developing Countries is an indispensable resource for waste, recycling, and resource management professionals. It???s also perfect for waste management system designers and decision makers seeking a one-stop guide to issues of sustainability in the developing world.
Assessing Aerobic Activity During Aerobic Bioreactor Landfilling And Quantifying Gas And Water Transport Properties Of Landfill Biocovers
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Author : Mohammad Erfan Mostafid
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Assessing Aerobic Activity During Aerobic Bioreactor Landfilling And Quantifying Gas And Water Transport Properties Of Landfill Biocovers written by Mohammad Erfan Mostafid and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Bioreactor landfills categories.
A bioreactor landfill cell was operated aerobically to evaluate the effect of adding water and injecting air on anaerobic activity. Temperature readings and landfill gas composition were monitored and recorded in the main header line and in tubes installed throughout the cell to assess the efficiency of aerobic operations. Over a six month period of operation, the percent of the waste degraded anaerobically ranged between 16 to 68%, suggesting that a significant fraction of the waste degraded anaerobically despite attempts to achieve uniform air flow. Local measurements of gas composition indicated that even when local oxygen concentrations exceeded ~15% significant anaerobic activity persisted in some locations. Supplementing these data, laboratory tests were conducted to quantify the gas and water transport properties of landfill biocovers, which are intended to oxidize methane leaking from landfills. Compost-woodchip and green waste have been used as landfill cover materials, but traditional soil models were employed to describe fluid transport. Because gas diffusion is one of the most critical factors controlling methane oxidation in these cover materials, proper descriptions of fluid transport are essential for robust models of methane oxidation. The gas diffusion coefficient, air permeability, water retention and saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of disturbed and undisturbed compost-woodchip and green waste samples were measured over a wide range of moisture contents and evaluated against existing models that predict these parameters. Gas diffusion was overestimated by an average of 14% using the traditional Millington-Quirk model used for soils for all data, but the error increased to 62% for dry conditions (air-filled porosity>0.60). Models developed for soils with bimodal pore domains describe the gas diffusion and water flow data best, suggesting that dual-domain descriptions are needed to properly model fluid transport in the field.
Specified Gas Emitters Regulation
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Author : Alberta. Alberta Environment
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Specified Gas Emitters Regulation written by Alberta. Alberta Environment and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Climatic changes categories.
This quantification protocol is written for the aerobic landfill bioreactor project developer. It is written assuming the reader has some familiarity with or general understanding of waste management practices including aerobic composting and the operation of a landfill. It includes information on the protocol scope and description as well as a glossary of terms and data on development and justification. Tables and figures contain process flow diagrams and tables of project and baseline sources and sinks (SS's).--Includes text from document.
Waste Biodegradation In A Meso Scale Aerobic Bioreactor
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Author : Jessica Diane Creed Montgomery
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Waste Biodegradation In A Meso Scale Aerobic Bioreactor written by Jessica Diane Creed Montgomery and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Aerobic bioreactor landfills, where liquid and air are introduced to accelerate waste degradation, have shifted landfill design to focus on rapid waste degradation to enhance public health and safety. Recent trials with aerobic bioreactors suggest that they may result in more rapid waste stabilization, reduced greenhouse gas generation, reduced need for treatment and disposal of leachate, and increased landfill capacity relative to conventional landfill designs. The research described here involved the construction and operation of a meso-scale bioreactor to assess the feasibility of aerating MSW in landfills from the onset of waste placement rather than after a final cover is installed. A 9.3ft x 5ft x 5.7ft (L x W x H) reactor was constructed of structural insulated panels and fitted with vertical wells that could deliver air or water to a representative solid waste mix. The bioreactor was fitted with instrumentation to monitor gas concentrations, temperature, and moisture in the wastes. Good waste degradation was achieved, with an 81.8% reduction in VS and a 52.1% reduction in the biodegradability factor. The 1.35 cellulose to lignin ratio at the end of 277 days in this study compared with ratios from a conventional landfill suggest that this incubation was equivalent to 1,292 days of conventional landfilling. The oxygen uptake rate was initially 1.90 mL O[subscript]2/(g*day), and the final sample had a rate of 0.73 mL/(g*day), suggesting a decline in the microbial activity and near complete degradation. The findings suggest that with proper monitoring, rapid waste degradation and landfill volume recovery is feasible with aerobic bioreactors.
Start Up Of Anaerobic Bioreactor Landfills In Cold Climates By Intermittent Air Injection
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Author : Reem Musleh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Start Up Of Anaerobic Bioreactor Landfills In Cold Climates By Intermittent Air Injection written by Reem Musleh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Anaerobic bacteria categories.
Rate Limiting Factors Of The Anaerobic Digestion Of Municipal Solid Waste In Bioreactor Landfills
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Author : Takwai Eddy Lai
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Rate Limiting Factors Of The Anaerobic Digestion Of Municipal Solid Waste In Bioreactor Landfills written by Takwai Eddy Lai and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Anaerobiosis categories.
Moisture Distribution Efficiency And Performance Evaluations Of Bioreactor Landfill Operations
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Author : Md Zahangir Alam
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Moisture Distribution Efficiency And Performance Evaluations Of Bioreactor Landfill Operations written by Md Zahangir Alam and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Bioreactor landfills categories.
Bioreactor landfills are operated in a modern engineered way to accelerate waste decomposition, gas production, and waste stabilization. The major aspect of a bioreactor landfill operation is associated with the addition of supplemental liquid or leachate recirculation, and the effective operation primarily depends on efficient moisture distribution throughout the waste mass, which enhances performance. The performance of an effective landfill operation can be assessed by several indicators, i.e., leachate generation, gas production, and landfill settlement. Bioreactor landfill operations have several significant economic and environmental advantages, but the impact of efficient moisture distribution and the assessment of performance through combined indicators is not well established. Hence, explaining and quantifying such impact on performance monitoring is essential to understanding an effective operation. The overall objective of this research was to monitor moisture distribution, due to leachate recirculation, throughout the landfill and to evaluate the performance of landfill operations. Leachate recirculation was performed through horizontal recirculation pipes and vertical injection wells. The City of Denton Landfill, in Denton, Texas, USA was selected as the site for the field investigations. A field program was conducted, using the electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) technique to determine moisture variations with time (one day, one week, two weeks) due to leachate recirculation through the horizontal and vertical recirculation systems. The data of field performance indicators, i.e., leachate generation, gas production, and landfill settlement, was collected from the landfill authority and analyzed to observe the bioreactor performance. Field leachate generation was compared with the Visual HELP model results to correlate it with the gas generation. The combined effect of indicators was analyzed to evaluate landfill performance. The research provides data on the significant factors of successful bioreactor landfill operations: the application frequency of leachate, and moisture distribution efficiency due to leachate recirculation through vertical injection wells. The research develops an understanding the effect of indicators and the assessment of landfill performance through evaluating the essence of individuals and combined indicators. Scheduling the leachate recirculation is one of the most vital actions required for distributing the moisture in the underlying waste. A comprehensive understanding of moisture variations in a bioreactor landfill, by reason of circulating leachate, is important for determining the frequency of leachate recirculation. The estimated moisture content for the baseline study was 31.5% before the next cycle of leachate recirculation to the adjacent recirculation pipe. However, the moisture content after 1 day, 7 days and 14 days after leachate recirculation was found 49.52%, 40.48%, and 31.74%, respectively. Several recirculation systems are currently being used at different locations across the world; however, vertical injection wells are the specific objects of interest in leachate recirculation due to their potential advantages over other available systems. Based on the results of the studies pertaining to vertical wells, the initial moisture content ranged from 31.5% to 36.5% before liquid was added through the vertical wells. The moisture content observed rose from 49.5% to 64.6% within one day after the leachate injection; however, it decreased one week after leachate injection, ranging from 40.12% to 47.03%. Two weeks after leachate injection, the moisture content ranged from 31.75% to 38.6%. The performance of bioreactor landfills can be monitored by several indicators, i.e., moisture distribution, leachate generation, gas production, water balance, and landfill settlement. Combining the different parameters to assess the performance of a bioreactor landfill has not been widely investigated. The results from the water balance simulation model, Visual HELP, show that the actual leachate generation in the field is approximately 55% lower than the HELP model results. The reason that the leachate return from the landfill is lower might be that the added water/leachate is being partially used for gas production. Hence, an increase in gas generation was observed, increasing from 543.6 m3/h (320 scfm) in 2010-2011 to 1087.3 m3/h (640 scfm) in 2014-2015. Moreover, in some locations of the landfill cells, from 2014 to 2015, an approximate total of 1.45 m (4.8 ft.) of maximum settlement was found in the landfill.
Laboratory Study Of Aerobic And Anaerobic Landfill Bioreactors And The Influence Of Air Injection Patterns On Aerobic Bioreactor Performance
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Author : Nicole Dawn Berge
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Laboratory Study Of Aerobic And Anaerobic Landfill Bioreactors And The Influence Of Air Injection Patterns On Aerobic Bioreactor Performance written by Nicole Dawn Berge and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
Laboratory Scale Aerobic Bioreactor Geoenvironmental Aspects
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Author : Christopher J.L. Stahl
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Laboratory Scale Aerobic Bioreactor Geoenvironmental Aspects written by Christopher J.L. Stahl and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Recent research of aerobic bioreactors has demonstrated success in expediting landfill stabilization, reducing the generation and emission of landfill gases, reducing or eliminating treatment and disposal of leachate, and increasing landfill capacity. This research evaluates the process of stabilization in regards to waste settlement and consolidation in relation to the degradation of waste material. The initial solid weight and measured volume of waste within the bioreactor were 1513.4 pounds and 204.6 cubic feet. The final measurement of solid weight and volume within the bioreactor were 1373.8 pounds and 167.4 cubic feet. The bioreactor total volume (volume of waste) decreased by 18.2 percent over a 200 day operation period. Due to the volume reduction, the density of the waste material increase by 26 percent despite weight lost in degradable solids of approximately 9.2 percent. Settlement plates were also utilized in the bioreactor at varying depths to monitor waste stabilization. Settlements estimated from the settlement plate readings ranged from approximately 14 to 24 percent of the waste depth beneath the plates. The overall settlement of the laboratory bioreactor was on the order of 20.8 percent over 200 days of operation. The difference in the average settlement estimated from the settlement plates and the measured volume of waste is less than 3 percent implying good agreement in the results. Constant Rate of Strain (CRS) was successfully utilized on three of the samples to determine the compression index of the waste material. A comparison of the Compression Index to C:L ratio was performed to evaluate that relationship between these physical degradation properties. The results of the C:L ratio compare well with the compression indexes (Cc) measured in the CRS equipment.