Radiation Source Use And Replacement
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Radiation Source Use And Replacement
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2008-05-25
Radiation Source Use And Replacement written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-05-25 with Medical categories.
In the United States there are several thousand devices containing high-activity radiation sources licensed for use in areas ranging from medical uses such as cancer therapy to safety uses such as testing of structures and industrial equipment. Those radiation sources are licensed by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and state agencies. Concerns have been raised about the safety and security of the radiation sources, particularly amid fears that they could be used to create dirty bombs, or radiological dispersal device (RDD). In response to a request from Congress, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission asked the National Research Council to conduct a study to review the uses of high-risk radiation sources and the feasibility of replacing them with lower risk alternatives. The study concludes that the U.S. government should consider factors such as potential economic consequences of misuse of the radiation sources into its assessments of risk. Although the committee found that replacements of most sources are possible, it is not economically feasible in some cases. The committee recommends that the U.S. government take steps to in the near term to replace radioactive cesium chloride radiation sources, a potential "dirty bomb" ingredient used in some medical and research equipment, with lower-risk alternatives. The committee further recommends that longer term efforts be undertaken to replace other sources. The book presents a number of options for making those replacements.
The Oxford Handbook Of Nuclear Security
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2024-05-16
The Oxford Handbook Of Nuclear Security written by and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-05-16 with Political Science categories.
The Oxford Handbook of Nuclear Security provides a comprehensive examination of efforts to secure sensitive nuclear assets and mitigate the risk of nuclear terrorism and other non-state actor threats. It aims to provide the reader with a holistic understanding of nuclear security through exploring its legal, political, and technical dimensions at the international, national, and organizational levels. Recognizing there is no one-size-fits-all approach to nuclear security, the book explores fundamental elements and concepts in practice through a number of case studies which showcase how and why national and organizational approaches have diverged. Although focused on critiquing past and current activities, unexplored yet crucial aspects of nuclear security are also considered, and how gaps in international efforts might be filled. Contributors to the handbook are drawn from a variety of different disciplinary backgrounds and experiences, to provide a wide range of perspectives on nuclear security issues and move beyond the Western narratives that have tended to dominate the debate.These include scholars from both developed and developing nuclear countries, as well as practitioners working in the field of nuclear security in an effort to bridge the gap between theory and practice.
Radiation In Medicine
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1996-03-25
Radiation In Medicine written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-03-25 with Medical categories.
Does radiation medicine need more regulation or simply better-coordinated regulation? This book addresses this and other questions of critical importance to public health and safety. The issues involved are high on the nation's agenda: the impact of radiation on public safety, the balance between federal and state authority, and the cost-benefit ratio of regulation. Although incidents of misadministration are rare, a case in Pennsylvania resulting in the death of a patient and the inadvertent exposure of others to a high dose of radiation drew attention to issues concerning the regulation of ionizing radiation in medicine and the need to examine current regulatory practices. Written at the request from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Radiation in Medicine reviews the regulation of ionizing radiation in medicine, focusing on the NRC's Medical Use Program, which governs the use of reactor-generated byproduct materials. The committee recommends immediate action on enforcement and provides longer term proposals for reform of the regulatory system. The volume covers: Sources of radiation and their use in medicine. Levels of risk to patients, workers, and the public. Current roles of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, other federal agencies, and states. Criticisms from the regulated community. The committee explores alternative regulatory structures for radiation medicine and explains the rationale for the option it recommends in this volume. Based on extensive research, input from the regulated community, and the collaborative efforts of experts from a range of disciplines, Radiation in Medicine will be an important resource for federal and state policymakers and regulators, health professionals involved in radiation treatment, developers and producers of radiation equipment, insurance providers, and concerned laypersons.
Nuclear Terrorism
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Author : Brecht Volders
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-03-02
Nuclear Terrorism written by Brecht Volders and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-02 with Political Science categories.
This volume aims to improve understanding of nuclear security and the prevention of nuclear terrorism. Nuclear terrorism is perceived as one of the most immediate and extreme threats to global security today. While the international community has made important progress in securing fissile material, there are still important steps to be made with nearly 2,000 metric tons of weapons-usable nuclear material spread around the globe. The volume addresses this complex phenomenon through an interdisciplinary approach: legal, criminal, technical, diplomatic, cultural, economic, and political. Despite this cross-disciplinary approach, however, the chapters are all linked by the overarching aim of enhancing knowledge of nuclear security and the prevention of nuclear terrorism. The volume aims to do this by investigating the different types of nuclear terrorism, and subsequently discussing the potential means to prevent these malicious acts. In addition, there is a discussion of the nuclear security regime, in general, and an important examination of both its strengths and weaknesses. In summary, the book aims to extend the societal and political debate about the threat of nuclear terrorism. This book will be of much interest to students of nuclear proliferation, nuclear governance, terrorism studies, international organizations, and security studies in general.
Radiation Protection And Safety Of Radiation Sources
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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Radiation Protection And Safety Of Radiation Sources written by International Atomic Energy Agency and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.
This publication is the new edition of the International Basic Safety Standards. The edition is co-sponsored by seven other international organizations European Commission (EC/Euratom), FAO, ILO, OECD/NEA, PAHO, UNEP and WHO. It replaces the interim edition that was published in November 2011 and the previous edition of the International Basic Safety Standards which was published in 1996. It has been extensively revised and updated to take account of the latest finding of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, and the latest recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The publication details the requirements for the protection of people and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources. All circumstances of radiation exposure are considered.
Dirty Bombs
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Author : Jonathan Medalia
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2011-10
Dirty Bombs written by Jonathan Medalia and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10 with History categories.
Congress has long sought, through legislation and oversight, to protect the United States against terrorist threats, especially from chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons. Radiological dispersal devices (RDDs) are one type of CBRN weapon. Explosive-driven "dirty bombs" are an often-discussed type of RDD, though radioactive material can also be dispersed in other ways. This report provides background for understanding the RDD threat and responses, and presents issues for Congress. Appendices: Technical Background; Some U.S. Vulnerabilities to RDDS. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find publication.
News Releases
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
News Releases written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Nuclear energy categories.
Adverse Reproductive Outcomes In Families Of Atomic Veterans
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1995-07-17
Adverse Reproductive Outcomes In Families Of Atomic Veterans written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-07-17 with Medical categories.
Over the past several decades, public concern over exposure to ionizing radiation has increased. This concern has manifested itself in different ways depending on the perception of risk to different individuals and different groups and the circumstances of their exposure. One such group are those U.S. servicemen (the "Atomic Veterans" who participated in the atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons at the Nevada Test Site or in the Pacific Proving Grounds, who served with occupation forces in or near Hiroshima and Nagasaki, or who were prisoners of war in or near those cities at the time of, or shortly after, the atomic bombings. This book addresses the feasibility of conducting an epidemiologic study to determine if there is an increased risk of adverse reproductive outcomes in the spouses, children, and grandchildren of the Atomic Veterans.
The Terrorist Effect Weapons Of Mass Disruption
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Author : John R. Haygood
language : en
Publisher: iUniverse
Release Date : 2011-08-12
The Terrorist Effect Weapons Of Mass Disruption written by John R. Haygood and has been published by iUniverse this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-12 with Reference categories.
This book provides a warning to the United States about the immanent dangers of a terrorist attack using radioactive materials. Such materials are ubiquitous in our society and can be obtained from over 25,000 sources in the USA. In this unsymmetrical war with terrorism, the beneficial and life-saving advantages of radioactive materials can be turned against us. This book is intended to inform the reader of the dangers of terrorist attacks, to show how attacks can be mounted and, more importantly, to indicate how the consequences of an attack can be mitigated. Terrorist use fear as a weapon; this book shows how an informed public can overcome our natural aversion to all things radioactive and fight back against the potentially paralyzing effects of such an attack.
Analysis Of Cancer Risks In Populations Near Nuclear Facilities
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2012-06-29
Analysis Of Cancer Risks In Populations Near Nuclear Facilities written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-29 with Medical categories.
In the late 1980s, the National Cancer Institute initiated an investigation of cancer risks in populations near 52 commercial nuclear power plants and 10 Department of Energy nuclear facilities (including research and nuclear weapons production facilities and one reprocessing plant) in the United States. The results of the NCI investigation were used a primary resource for communicating with the public about the cancer risks near the nuclear facilities. However, this study is now over 20 years old. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requested that the National Academy of Sciences provide an updated assessment of cancer risks in populations near USNRC-licensed nuclear facilities that utilize or process uranium for the production of electricity. Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1 focuses on identifying scientifically sound approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks associated with living near a nuclear facility, judgments about the strengths and weaknesses of various statistical power, ability to assess potential confounding factors, possible biases, and required effort. The results from this Phase 1 study will be used to inform the design of cancer risk assessment, which will be carried out in Phase 2. This report is beneficial for the general public, communities near nuclear facilities, stakeholders, healthcare providers, policy makers, state and local officials, community leaders, and the media.