Radioactive Particles In The Environment
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Radioactive Particles In The Environment
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Author : Deborah Oughton
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-08-10
Radioactive Particles In The Environment written by Deborah Oughton and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-08-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Radioactive particles have been released to the environment from a number of sources, including nuclear weapon tests, nuclear accidents and discharges from nuclear installations. Particle characteristics influence the mobility, biological uptake and effects of radionuclides, hence information on these characteristics is essential for assessing environmental impact and risks. This publication presents a series of papers covering sources and source term characterisation, methodologies for characterizing particles, and the impact of particles on the behaviour of radioactive particles in the environment. Sources covered include the Chernobyl accident, nuclear weapons accidents at Thule and Palomares accident, the discharges from Dounreay and Krashnoyarsk, and depleted uranium in Kosovo and Kuwait. The overall aim is that an increased understanding of particle characteristics and behavior will help to reduce some of the uncertainties in environmental impact and risk assessment for particle contaminated areas.
Detecting Environmental Radioactivity
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Author : Manuel García-León
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-11-30
Detecting Environmental Radioactivity written by Manuel García-León and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-30 with Science categories.
This textbook presents the principles and methods for the measurement of radioactivity in the environment. In this regard, specific low-level radiation counting and spectrometry or mass spectrometry techniques are discussed, including sources, distribution, levels and dynamics of radioactivity in nature. The author gives an accurate description of the fundamental concepts and laws of radioactivity as well as the different types of detectors and mass spectrometers needed for detection. Special attention is paid to scintillators, semiconductor detectors, and gas ionization detectors. In order to explain radiochemistry, some concepts about chemical separations are introduced as well. The book is meant for graduate and advanced undergraduate students in physics, chemistry or engineering oriented to environmental sciences, and to other disciplines where monitoring of the environment and its management is of great interest.
Environmental Radioactivity From Natural Industrial And Military Sources
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Author : Merrill Eisenbud
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1997-03-26
Environmental Radioactivity From Natural Industrial And Military Sources written by Merrill Eisenbud and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-03-26 with Science categories.
Environmental Radioactivity from Natural, Industrial, and Military Sources is the comprehensive source of information on radiation in the environment and human exposure to radioactivity. This Fourth Edition isa complete revision and extension of the classic work, reflecting major new developments and concerns as the Cold War ended, nuclear weapons began to be dismantled, and cleanup of the nuclear weapons facilities assumed center stage. Contamination from accidents involving weapons, reactors, and radionuclide sources are discussed in an updated chapter, including the latest information about the effects of the Chernobyl accident. Important revisions are also made to the chapters on natural radioactivity, nuclear fuels and power reactors, radioactive waste management, and various other sources of exposure. Several chapters provide primers for readers who may not be familiar with the fundamentals of radiation biology, protection standards, and pathways for the environmental transport of radionuclides. An Appendix lists the properties of the more important radionuclides found in the environment. The book concludes with a commentary on contemporary social aspects of radiation exposure and risks that offers analternative view to current, often excessive concerns over radiation, nuclear technology, and waste. - Describes every important source of environmental radioactivity - Reviews the vexing problems of radioactive waste management and clean-up of contaminated sites - Contains measured or projected radiation dose estimates for the major sources - Features 126 figures, 80 tables, and more than 1200 references - Discusses current problems in historical context - The two authors bring more than 75 years of combined experience with environmental radioactivity - Provides an understanding of the sources of environmental radioactivity and human exposure from the mining of ores to final disposal of wastes - Thoroughly reviews important contamination accidents
Radioactive Particles In The Environment
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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Radioactive Particles In The Environment written by International Atomic Energy Agency and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Aerosols, Radioactive categories.
Reports on the outcome of an IAEA coordinated research project in the area of measurement and characterization of radioactive particles in the environment. This publication summarizes the achievements and findings of the project participants and gives guidance for application of the techniques for evaluation of contaminated areas.
Methods Of Measuring Environmental Parameters
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Author : Yuriy Posudin
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2014-08-07
Methods Of Measuring Environmental Parameters written by Yuriy Posudin and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-07 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Provides a systematic review of modern methods and instruments for measuring environmental parameters • Profiles the most modern methods and instruments for environment control and monitoring • Gives an assessment of biotic and abiotic factors and their effect on quality of atmosphere and indoor air, soil, water • Provides a brief description of the main climatic (pressure, wind, temperature, humidity, precipitation, solar radiation), atmospheric, hydrographic, and edaphic factors • Covers a wide range environmental methods and instrumentation including those used in the fields of meteorology, air pollution, water quality, soil science and more • Supplied with practical exercises, problems, and tests that will help the reader to learn more deeply contents of the book
The Environmental Behaviour Of Polonium
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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018-01-31
The Environmental Behaviour Of Polonium written by International Atomic Energy Agency and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Polonium-210 is an alpha emitting radionuclide with no radioactive progeny and produces only very-low-intensity gamma rays at very low abundance. This means doses largely arise from internal exposure. In addition to the relatively high ingestion does coefficient of 210Po, radionuclide transfer in the environment results in high activity concentrations in certain foods. This publication focuses on radionuclide transfers in terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments, and provides information on key transfer processes, concepts and models--back cover.
Radioactive Aerosols
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Author : Constantin Papastefanou
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2011-07-28
Radioactive Aerosols written by Constantin Papastefanou and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-28 with Medical categories.
Whenever radioactivity is released to the atmosphere, for example by the detonation of nuclear weapons or the testing of nuclear weapons or from nuclear reactor accidents that fraction of it which remains airborne for more than a few hours is liable to be attached to aerosol particles. The resulting radioactive aerosols are carried by atmospheric mixing processes until they settle out or are scavenged by precipitation. The radiation exposure pathway of maximum concern to humans is by inhalation of aerosols and their deposition in the respiratory tract. In this context, it is important to note that radioactive aerosols are commonly of natural origin alos. In particular, the associated radionuclides can be of natural terrestrial origin, such as the decay products of radon gas, or they can e cosmogenic, such as beryllium-7. The exposure of miners of uranium and other ores and minerals to radon and its aerosol-borne decay products is of major significance. The book describes the formation of aerosols, their aerodynamic size distribution, their atmospheric residence time, their sampling and measurement, the range of radioactive aerosols found and studied thus far, including man-made nuclides and radon decay products and their interaction with man, including deposition in the lung and subsequent health effects. - Advanced level science handbook for researchers, scientists and academics - Covers all aspects of radiation exposure in humans, including subsequent health implications - Presents the latest findings and analysis in this highly topical area
Radionuclides In The Environment
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Author : Clemens Walther
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-10-30
Radionuclides In The Environment written by Clemens Walther and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-30 with Science categories.
This book provides extensive and comprehensive information to researchers and academicians who are interested in radionuclide contamination, its sources and environmental impact. It is also useful for graduate and undergraduate students specializing in radioactive-waste disposal and its impact on natural as well as manmade environments. A number of sites are affected by large legacies of waste from the mining and processing of radioactive minerals. Over recent decades, several hundred radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) of natural elements have been produced artificially, including 90Sr, 137Cs and 131I. Several other anthropogenic radioactive elements have also been produced in large quantities, for example technetium, neptunium, plutonium and americium, although plutonium does occur naturally in trace amounts in uranium ores. The deposition of radionuclides on vegetation and soil, as well as the uptake from polluted aquifers (root uptake or irrigation) are the initial point for their transfer into the terrestrial environment and into food chains. There are two principal deposition processes for the removal of pollutants from the atmosphere: dry deposition is the direct transfer through absorption of gases and particles by natural surfaces, such as vegetation, whereas showery or wet deposition is the transport of a substance from the atmosphere to the ground by snow, hail or rain. Once deposited on any vegetation, radionuclides are removed from plants by the airstre am and rain, either through percolation or by cuticular scratch. The increase in biomass during plant growth does not cause a loss of activity, but it does lead to a decrease in activity concentration due to effective dilution. There is also systemic transport (translocation) of radionuclides within the plant subsequent to foliar uptake, leading the transfer of chemical components to other parts of the plant that have not been contaminated directly.
Ionizing And Non Ionizing Radiation
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Author : Adelaja Osibote
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2020-01-15
Ionizing And Non Ionizing Radiation written by Adelaja Osibote and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-15 with Science categories.
This book provides readers with comprehensive details on the management and measures to protect health against risks to people and environments generated by the use of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. This book is divided into three sections, namely, Radiation Protection and Measurement; Radiation Therapy; and Radioactivity. The first section covers ionizing radiation protection; population exposure to non-ionizing density; and the system of dosimetry quantities for use in emergency preparedness and response to nuclear or radiological accidents. The second section covers various planning techniques for spinal stereotactic body radiotherapy and the application of radiation technology in the development of a malaria vaccine. The third section discusses environmental radioactivity monitoring using efficient measurements and the assessment of radiation exposure to humans. Also in this section is the evaluation of the effects of chronic radiation exposure on the testes of mice after a nuclear power plant accident.
Environmental Sciences
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Author : Dr. M. Surendra Kumar
language : en
Publisher: Thakur Publication Private Limited
Release Date : 2021-03-18
Environmental Sciences written by Dr. M. Surendra Kumar and has been published by Thakur Publication Private Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-18 with Medical categories.
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