Reasoning In Biological Discoveries
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Reasoning In Biological Discoveries
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Author : Lindley Darden
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2006-06-26
Reasoning In Biological Discoveries written by Lindley Darden and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-06-26 with Science categories.
Reasoning in Biological Discoveries brings together a series of essays, which focus on one of the most heavily debated topics of scientific discovery. Collected together and richly illustrated, Darden's essays represent a groundbreaking foray into one of the major problems facing scientists and philosophers of science. Divided into three sections, the essays focus on broad themes, notably historical and philosophical issues at play in discussions of biological mechanism; and the problem of developing and refining reasoning strategies, including interfield relations and anomaly resolution. Darden summarizes the philosophy of discovery and elaborates on the role that mechanisms play in biological discovery. Throughout the book, she uses historical case studies to extract advisory reasoning strategies for discovery. Examples in genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology, neuroscience and evolutionary biology reveal the process of discovery in action.
Reasoning In Biological Discoveries
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Author : Lindley Darden
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Reasoning In Biological Discoveries written by Lindley Darden and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Biology categories.
Model Based Reasoning In Scientific Discovery
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Author : L. Magnani
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Model Based Reasoning In Scientific Discovery written by L. Magnani and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.
The volume is based on the papers that were presented at the Interna tional Conference Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery (MBR'98), held at the Collegio Ghislieri, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, in December 1998. The papers explore how scientific thinking uses models and explanatory reasoning to produce creative changes in theories and concepts. The study of diagnostic, visual, spatial, analogical, and temporal rea soning has demonstrated that there are many ways of performing intelligent and creative reasoning that cannot be described with the help only of tradi tional notions of reasoning such as classical logic. Traditional accounts of scientific reasoning have restricted the notion of reasoning primarily to de ductive and inductive arguments. Understanding the contribution of model ing practices to discovery and conceptual change in science requires ex panding scientific reasoning to include complex forms of creative reasoning that are not always successful and can lead to incorrect solutions. The study of these heuristic ways of reasoning is situated at the crossroads of philoso phy, artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, and logic; that is, at the heart of cognitive science. There are several key ingredients common to the various forms of model based reasoning to be considered in this book. The models are intended as in terpretations of target physical systems, processes, phenomena, or situations. The models are retrieved or constructed on the basis of potentially satisfying salient constraints of the target domain.
Induction And Intuition In Scientific Thought
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Author : P B Medawar
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-04-15
Induction And Intuition In Scientific Thought written by P B Medawar and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-15 with Philosophy categories.
Originally published in 1969. This book explains what is wrong with the traditional methodology of "inductive" reasoning and shows that the alternative scheme of reasoning associated with Whewell, Pierce and Popper can give the scientist a useful insight into the way he thinks.
Discovery And Explanation In Biology And Medicine
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Author : Kenneth F. Schaffner
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 1993
Discovery And Explanation In Biology And Medicine written by Kenneth F. Schaffner and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Medical categories.
Kenneth F. Schaffner compares the practice of biological and medical research and shows how traditional topics in philosophy of science—such as the nature of theories and of explanation—can illuminate the life sciences. While Schaffner pays some attention to the conceptual questions of evolutionary biology, his chief focus is on the examples that immunology, human genetics, neuroscience, and internal medicine provide for examinations of the way scientists develop, examine, test, and apply theories. Although traditional philosophy of science has regarded scientific discovery—the questions of creativity in science—as a subject for psychological rather than philosophical study, Schaffner argues that recent work in cognitive science and artificial intelligence enables researchers to rationally analyze the nature of discovery. As a philosopher of science who holds an M.D., he has examined biomedical work from the inside and uses detailed examples from the entire range of the life sciences to support the semantic approach to scientific theories, addressing whether there are "laws" in the life sciences as there are in the physical sciences. Schaffner's novel use of philosophical tools to deal with scientific research in all of its complexity provides a distinctive angle on basic questions of scientific evaluation and explanation.
In Search Of Mechanisms
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Author : Carl F. Craver
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2013-10-03
In Search Of Mechanisms written by Carl F. Craver and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-03 with Science categories.
Neuroscientists investigate the mechanisms of spatial memory. Molecular biologists study the mechanisms of protein synthesis and the myriad mechanisms of gene regulation. Ecologists study nutrient cycling mechanisms and their devastating imbalances in estuaries such as the Chesapeake Bay. In fact, much of biology and its history involves biologists constructing, evaluating, and revising their understanding of mechanisms. With In Search of Mechanisms, Carl F. Craver and Lindley Darden offer both a descriptive and an instructional account of how biologists discover mechanisms. Drawing on examples from across the life sciences and through the centuries, Craver and Darden compile an impressive toolbox of strategies that biologists have used and will use again to reveal the mechanisms that produce, underlie, or maintain the phenomena characteristic of living things. They discuss the questions that figure in the search for mechanisms, characterizing the experimental, observational, and conceptual considerations used to answer them, all the while providing examples from the history of biology to highlight the kinds of evidence and reasoning strategies employed to assess mechanisms. At a deeper level, Craver and Darden pose a systematic view of what biology is, of how biology makes progress, of how biological discoveries are and might be made, and of why knowledge of biological mechanisms is important for the future of the human species.
The Pattern Of Reasoning In Scientific Discovery
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Author : Cemal Yıldırım
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1968
The Pattern Of Reasoning In Scientific Discovery written by Cemal Yıldırım and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with Science categories.
Abduction Reason And Science
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Author : L. Magnani
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-06-27
Abduction Reason And Science written by L. Magnani and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-27 with Science categories.
This book ties together the concerns of philosophers of science and AI researchers, showing for example the connections between scientific thinking and medical expert systems. It lays out a useful general framework for discussion of a variety of kinds of abduction. It develops important ideas about aspects of abductive reasoning that have been relatively neglected in cognitive science, including the use of visual and temporal representations and the role of abduction in the withdrawal of hypotheses.
How The Great Scientists Reasoned
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Author : Gary G. Tibbetts
language : en
Publisher: Newnes
Release Date : 2013
How The Great Scientists Reasoned written by Gary G. Tibbetts and has been published by Newnes this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Education categories.
The scientific method is one of the most basic and essential concepts across the sciences, ensuring that investigations are carried out with precision and thoroughness. This book teaches the basic modes of scientific thought, not by philosophical generalizations, but by illustrating in detail how great scientists from across the sciences solved problems using scientific reason.
Biological Discoveries And Problems
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Author : Edward Bibbins Aveling
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1881
Biological Discoveries And Problems written by Edward Bibbins Aveling and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1881 with Biology categories.