Reasoning Rationality And Probability
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Reasoning Rationality And Probability
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Author : Maria Carla Galavotti
language : en
Publisher: Center for the Study of Language and Information Publica Tion
Release Date : 2008
Reasoning Rationality And Probability written by Maria Carla Galavotti and has been published by Center for the Study of Language and Information Publica Tion this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Philosophy categories.
This volume broadens our concept of reasoning and rationality to allow for a more pluralistic and situational view of human thinking as a practical activity. Drawing on contributors across disciplines including philosophy, economics, psychology, statistics, computer science, engineering, and physics, Reasoning, Rationality, and Probability argues that the search for strong theories should leave room for the construction of context-sensitive conceptual tools. Both science and everyday life, the authors argue, are too complex and multifaceted to be forced into ready-made schemata.
Bayesian Rationality
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Author : Mike Oaksford
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2007-02-22
Bayesian Rationality written by Mike Oaksford and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-02-22 with Philosophy categories.
For almost 2,500 years, the Western concept of what is to be human has been dominated by the idea that the mind is the seat of reason - humans are, almost by definition, the rational animal. In this text a more radical suggestion for explaining these puzzling aspects of human reasoning is put forward.
Probability And Rationality
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Author : Ellery Eells
language : en
Publisher: Rodopi
Release Date : 1991
Probability And Rationality written by Ellery Eells and has been published by Rodopi this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Probabilities categories.
The Roots Of Reason
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Author : David Papineau
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2006-01-26
The Roots Of Reason written by David Papineau and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-26 with Philosophy categories.
David Papineau presents a controversial view of human reason, portraying it as a normal part of the natural world, and drawing on the empirical sciences to illuminate its workings. In these six interconnected essays he offers a fresh approach to some long-standing problems. Papineau rejects the contemporary orthodoxy that genuine thought hinges on some species of non-natural normativity. He explores the evolutionary histories of theoretical and practical rationality, indicating ways in which capacities underlying human reasoning have been selected for their biological advantages. He then looks at the connection between decision and probability, explaining how good decisions need to be informed by causal as well as probabilistic facts. Finally he defends the radical view that a satisfactory understanding of decision-making is only possible within a specific interpretation of quantum mechanics. By placing the subject in its scientific context, Papineau shows how human rationality plays an explicable role in the functioning of the natural world.
Probability And Rationality
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2021-11-15
Probability And Rationality written by and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-15 with Science categories.
Fundamental Uncertainty
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Author : Silva Marzetti Dall'aste Brandolini
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-06-16
Fundamental Uncertainty written by Silva Marzetti Dall'aste Brandolini and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-16 with Business & Economics categories.
This volume addresses the subject of uncertainty from the point of view of an extended conception of rationality. In particular, the contributions explore the premises and implications of plausible reasoning when probabilities are non-measurable or unknown, and when the space of possible events is only partially identified.
Reasoning And Thinking
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Author : K. I. Manktelow
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1999
Reasoning And Thinking written by K. I. Manktelow and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Cognition categories.
This undergraduate textbook reviews psychological research in the major areas of reasoning and thinking: deduction, induction, hypothesis testing, probability judgement, and decision making. It also covers the major theoretical debates in each area, and devotes a chapter to one of the liveliest issues in the field: the question of human rationality. Central themes that recur throughout the book include not only rationality, but also the relation between normative theories such as logic, probability theory, and decision theory, and human performance, both in experiments and in the world outside the laboratory. No prior acquaintance with formal systems is assumed, and everyday examples are used throughout to illustrate technical and theoretical points. The book differs from others in the market firstly in the range of material covered: other tend to focus primarily on on either reasoning or thinking. It is also the first student-level text to survey an imporatant new theoretical perspective, the information-gain or rational analysis approach, and to review the rationality debate from the standpoint of psuchological research in a wide range of areas.
Cognition And Chance
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Author : Raymond S. Nickerson
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2004-06-24
Cognition And Chance written by Raymond S. Nickerson and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-06-24 with Business & Economics categories.
Lack of ability to think probabilistically makes one prone to a variety of irrational fears and vulnerable to scams designed to exploit probabilistic naiveté, impairs decision making under uncertainty, facilitates the misinterpretation of statistical information, and precludes critical evaluation of likelihood claims. Cognition and Chance presents an overview of the information needed to avoid such pitfalls and to assess and respond to probabilistic situations in a rational way. Dr. Nickerson investigates such questions as how good individuals are at thinking probabilistically and how consistent their reasoning under uncertainty is with principles of mathematical statistics and probability theory. He reviews evidence that has been produced in researchers' attempts to investigate these and similar types of questions. Seven conceptual chapters address such topics as probability, chance, randomness, coincidences, inverse probability, paradoxes, dilemmas, and statistics. The remaining five chapters focus on empirical studies of individuals' abilities and limitations as probabilistic thinkers. Topics include estimation and prediction, perception of covariation, choice under uncertainty, and people as intuitive probabilists. Cognition and Chance is intended to appeal to researchers and students in the areas of probability, statistics, psychology, business, economics, decision theory, and social dilemmas.
Probability Uncertainty And Rationality
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Author : Hykel Hosni
language : en
Publisher: Edizioni della Normale
Release Date : 2010-04-14
Probability Uncertainty And Rationality written by Hykel Hosni and has been published by Edizioni della Normale this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-14 with Mathematics categories.
This volume explores, from a mathematical and a philosophical perspective, the virtuous circle connecting logic and rationality. While logic lends its methods, techniques and ideas to the investigation of rationality, the practical problems which arise in modelling rational behaviour, especially in the social sciences, motivate logicians to develop more refined logical formalisms. This is why non classical logics - a unifying theme of this volume - play a fundamental role in the construction of formal models of rationality.
Rationality And Reasoning
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Author : Jonathon St. B.T. Evans
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-09-13
Rationality And Reasoning written by Jonathon St. B.T. Evans and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-13 with Psychology categories.
This book addresses an apparent paradox in the psychology of thinking. On the one hand, human beings are a highly successful species. On the other, intelligent adults are known to exhibit numerous errors and biases in laboratory studies of reasoning and decision making. There has been much debate among both philosophers and psychologists about the implications of such studies for human rationality. The authors argue that this debate is marked by a confusion between two distinct notions: (a) personal rationality (rationality1 Evans and Over argue that people have a high degree of rationality1 but only a limited capacity for rationality2. The book re-interprets the psychological literature on reasoning and decision making, showing that many normative errors, by abstract standards, reflect the operation of processes that would normally help to achieve ordinary goals. Topics discussed include relevance effects in reasoning and decision making, the influence of prior beliefs on thinking, and the argument that apparently non-logical reasoning can reflect efficient decision making. The authors also discuss the problem of deductive competence - whether people have it, and what mechanism can account for it. As the book progresses, increasing emphasis is given to the authors' dual process theory of thinking, in which a distinction between tacit and explicit cognitive systems is developed. It is argued that much of human capacity for rationality1 is invested in tacit cognitive processes, which reflect both innate mechanisms and biologically constrained learning. However, the authors go on to argue that human beings also possess an explicit thinking system, which underlies their unique - if limited - capacity to be rational.