Recent Insights Into Perceptual And Motor Skill Learning The Computational And Neural Processes Underlying Perceptual And Motor Skill Learning
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Recent Insights Into Perceptual And Motor Skill Learning The Computational And Neural Processes Underlying Perceptual And Motor Skill Learning
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Author : Lior Shmuelof
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-03-18
Recent Insights Into Perceptual And Motor Skill Learning The Computational And Neural Processes Underlying Perceptual And Motor Skill Learning written by Lior Shmuelof and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-18 with Implicit learning categories.
Improvements in task performance following practice can occur as a result of changes in distinct cognitive and neural processes. In some cases, we can improve our performance by selecting a more successful behavior that is already part of our available repertoire. Skill learning, on the other hand, refers to a slower process that results in improving the ability to perform a behavior, i.e., it involves the acquisition of a behavior that was not available to the controller before training. Skill learning can take place both in the sensory and in the motor domains. Sensory skill acquisition in perceptual learning tasks is measured by improvements in sensory acuity through practice-induced changes in the sensitivity of relevant neural networks. Motor skill is harder to define as the term is used whenever a motor learning behavior improves along some dimension. Nevertheless, we have recently argued that as in perceptual learning, acuity is an integral component in motor skill learning. In this special topic we set out to integrate experimental and theoretical work on perceptual and motor skill learning and to stimulate a discussion regarding the similarities and differences between these two kinds of learning.
Filling In
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Author : Luiz Pessoa
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2003-02-27
Filling In written by Luiz Pessoa and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-02-27 with Medical categories.
The best example of filling-in involves the blind spot, a region of the retina devoid of photoreceptors. Remarkably, the region of visual space corresponding to the blind spot is not perceived as a dark region in space, but instead as having the same color and texture as the surrounding background; hence the expression "filling in." While this type of perceptual completion phenomenon is common in the visual domain, it is argued by the leading scientists who contribute to this book that forms of filling-in also take place in other sensory modalities, including the auditory, somatosensory, and motor systems. In a concluding chapter an integrative approach is taken, which attempts to provide a common framework for completion phenomena occurring on a fast time scale, and cortical reorganization in sensory and motor cortex induced by peripheral damage or skill learning taking place on a slower time scale. It is proposed that systematic changes in the interplay between inhibitory and excitatory inputs permit cortical neurons to become driven by new sources of input, which, in addition to initial perceptual consequences can lead to a long-term structural reorganization of cortex. This book represents a truly interdisciplinary approach to neuroscience, with chapters covering computational modeling, visual psychophysics, functional brain imaging, single-cell physiology, and clinical patient cases. It will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in systems neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, vision science, neuroimaging, perceptual psychology, computational neuroscience, and philosophy of mind.
Neural Implementations Of Expertise
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Author : Merim Bilalić
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-12-18
Neural Implementations Of Expertise written by Merim Bilalić and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-18 with Cognition categories.
When we think about expertise, we usually consider people who master tasks at a level not reachable by most other people. Although we rarely realise it, however, most humans are experts in many aspects of everyday life. This expertise enables us to find our way through a complex environment that is our life. For instance, we can instantly recognise multiple objects and relations between them to form a meaningful unit, such as an office. Thus, research on expertise is not only important to investigate the cognitive and neural processes within an “elite” group, but it is also a powerful tool to understand how everyone can acquire complex skills. The goal of this Research Topic is to shed further light on the common and distinct neural mechanisms that implement various kinds of expertise. We broadly define expertise as skill in any perceptual, cognitive, social or motor domain, with the common core being optimised information processing due to knowledge acquired from repeated experiences. Thus, we are interested in the full range of mental processes modulated or modified by expertise, from “simple” object or pattern recognition to complex decision making or problem solving in a particular domain. These domains can range from everyday or occupational expertise to sports and rather artificial domains such as board games. In all cases, the aim should be to elucidate how the brain implements these sometimes incredible feats. We are particularly interested in connecting cognitive theories about expertise and expertise-related performance differences with models and data on the neural implementation of expertise. We welcome original research contributions using the full range of behavioural neuroscience methods, as well as theoretical, methodological or historical reviews, and opinion papers focusing on any of the above-mentioned aspects.
Encyclopedia Of Infant And Early Childhood Development
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2020-03-13
Encyclopedia Of Infant And Early Childhood Development written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-13 with Psychology categories.
Encyclopedia of Infant and Early Childhood Development, Second Edition, provides a comprehensive entry point into the existing literature on child development in the fields of psychology, genetics, neuroscience and sociology. Featuring 171 chapters, across 3 volumes, this work helps readers understand these developmental changes, when they occur, why they occur, how they occur, and the factors that influence development. Although some medical information is included, the emphasis lies mainly in normal growth, primarily from a psychological perspective. Comprehensive and in-depth scholarly articles cover theoretical, applied and basic science topics, providing an interdisciplinary approach. All articles have been completely updated, making this resource ideal for a wide range of readers, including advanced undergraduate and graduate students, researchers and clinicians in developmental psychology, medicine, nursing, social science and early childhood education. Cutting-edge content that cover the period of neonates to age three Organized alphabetically by topic for ease of reference Provides in-depth scholarly articles, covering theoretical, applied and basic science Includes suggested readings at the end of each article
The Learning Memory And Perception Of Perceptual Motor Skills
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Author : Robert B. Wilberg
language : en
Publisher: North Holland
Release Date : 1991
The Learning Memory And Perception Of Perceptual Motor Skills written by Robert B. Wilberg and has been published by North Holland this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Psychology categories.
Three main topics are covered in this book, namely, learning, memory, and perception. The first section consists of seven papers and is devoted entirely to the learning of motor skills. The papers summarize the current state of perceptual- motor learning in general and highlight specific topics of interest to the informed reader. The second section is divided between movement memory and perception. In recent years there has been a decline in the popularity of movement memory as a research topic. However, some recent advances in cognitive science, and parallel distributed processing in particular, may now provide the basis for a renewed interest. The topic of perception never enjoyed the popularity that motor skill learning and/or memory for movement did. However there is now a clearer understanding of the perceptual processes and invariances that affect how we perceive the world. Others, like the renewed interest in signal detection theory and quantal reaction time, serve notice that the perceptual part of perceptual motor-skills is here to stay.
The Cognitive Neuroscience Of Attention
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Author : Joseph B. Hopfinger
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-12-17
The Cognitive Neuroscience Of Attention written by Joseph B. Hopfinger and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-17 with Psychology categories.
Attention refers to our ability to selectively process the vast array of stimuli impinging upon our senses at every moment. The mental processes of attention are critical for allowing us to maintain focus and complete tasks efficiently, even within distracting environments. The brain mechanisms of attention have been studied for decades, yet much still remains unknown, and consensus on core issues remains elusive. A unique aspect of this book are chapters that highlight recent debates on critical issues in attention research. Each of these chapters includes a comprehensive discussion paper that is followed by peer commentaries and an authors' responses. These debates include whether attention can modulate activity of even the earliest cortical processing region and whether changes in white matter are critical for plasticity-related effects of attention training. In addition to these discussion chapters, the book presents cutting-edge research on some of the newest theories of attentional control and selective attention, including the influence of practice, epigenetics, reward, social interaction, and distractor suppression. These studies employ advanced cognitive neuroscience methods such as neurostimulation, functional neuroimaging pattern analysis, and the evaluation of oscillatory brain activity to shed light on the brain mechanisms underlying attention. The chapters in this book were originally published as articles in various issues of the journal Cognitive Neuroscience.
Artificial Life Iv
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Author : Rodney Allen Brooks
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1994
Artificial Life Iv written by Rodney Allen Brooks and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Computers categories.
This book brings together contributions to the Fourth Artificial Life Workshop, held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the summer of 1994.
Smart Cities Green Technologies And Intelligent Transport Systems
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Author : Markus Helfert
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-01-29
Smart Cities Green Technologies And Intelligent Transport Systems written by Markus Helfert and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-29 with Computers categories.
This book includes extended and revised selected papers from the 8th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems, SMARTGREENS 2019, and the 5th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems, VEHITS 2019, held in Heraklion, Crete, Greece, in May 2019. The 17 full papers presented during SMARTGREENS and VEHITS 2019 were carefully reviewed and selected from the 134 submissions. The papers present research on advances and applications in the fiels of smart cities, green information and communication technologies, sustainability, energy aware systems and technologies, vehicle technology and intelligent transport systems.
Modularity In Motor Control From Muscle Synergies To Cognitive Action Representation
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Author : Andrea d'Avella
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-04-21
Modularity In Motor Control From Muscle Synergies To Cognitive Action Representation written by Andrea d'Avella and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-21 with Electronic book categories.
Mastering a rich repertoire of motor behaviors, as humans and other animals do, is a surprising and still poorly understood outcome of evolution, development, and learning. Many degrees-of-freedom, non-linear dynamics, and sensory delays provide formidable challenges for controlling even simple actions. Modularity as a functional element, both structural and computational, of a control architecture might be the key organizational principle that the central nervous system employs for achieving versatility and adaptability in motor control. Recent investigations of muscle synergies, motor primitives, compositionality, basic action concepts, and related work in machine learning have contributed to advance, at different levels, our understanding of the modular architecture underlying rich motor behaviors. However, the existence and nature of the modules in the control architecture is far from settled. For instance, regularity and low-dimensionality in the motor output are often taken as an indication of modularity but could they simply be a byproduct of optimization and task constraints? Moreover, what are the relationships between modules at different levels, such as muscle synergies, kinematic invariants, and basic action concepts? One important reason for the new interest in understanding modularity in motor control from different viewpoints is the impressive development in cognitive robotics. In comparison to animals and humans, the motor skills of today’s best robots are limited and inflexible. However, robot technology is maturing to the point at which it can start approximating a reasonable spectrum of isolated perceptual, cognitive, and motor capabilities. These advances allow researchers to explore how these motor, sensory and cognitive functions might be integrated into meaningful architectures and to test their functional limits. Such systems provide a new test bed to explore different concepts of modularity and to address the interaction between motor and cognitive processes experimentally. Thus, the goal of this Research Topic is to review, compare, and debate theoretical and experimental investigations of the modular organization of the motor control system at different levels. By bringing together researchers seeking to understand the building blocks for coordinating many muscles, for planning endpoint and joint trajectories, and for representing motor and behavioral actions in memory we aim at promoting new interactions between often disconnected research areas and approaches and at providing a broad perspective on the idea of modularity in motor control. We welcome original research, methodological, theoretical, review, and perspective contributions from behavioral, system, and computational motor neuroscience research, cognitive psychology, and cognitive robotics.
What Can We Make Of Theories Of Embodiment And The Role Of The Human Mirror Neuron System
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Author : Analia Arevalo
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-03-09
What Can We Make Of Theories Of Embodiment And The Role Of The Human Mirror Neuron System written by Analia Arevalo and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-09 with Electronic book categories.
In recent years, work surrounding theories of embodiment and the role of the putative mirror neuron system (MNS) in humans has gained considerable attention. If humans have developed a network of neurons that fire in response to other beings’ actions, as has been shown in macaques, this system could have vast implications for all kinds of cognitive processes unique to humans, such as language, learning, empathy and communication in general. The goal of tapping into and understanding such a system is a fascinating yet challenging one. One form of embodiment -- embodied linguistics -- suggests that the way we process linguistic information is linked to our physical experience of the concept conveyed by each word. The interaction between these cognitive systems (i.e., language and motor processing) may occur thanks to the firing of neurons making up the MNS. The possible interdependence between different cognitive systems has implications for healthy as well as pathological profiles, and in fact, work in recent years has also explored the role of ‘embodiment’ and/or the MNS in clinical populations such as stroke, Parkinson’s Disease, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Autism, among others. Research on embodiment and/or the MNS has been approached with a number of different methodologies, but the results obtained with these different methodologies have not been entirely consistent, generating doubts regarding the theories. The question has been raised as to what this line of inquiry can gain from the types of evidence contributed by functional neuroimaging methods carried out with healthy volunteers versus behavioral or lesion-symptom mapping methods employed with neurologically-compromised individuals. Of particular interest are the clinical applications of this line of research. If indeed a system exists which reflects a tight link between, for example, the human language and motor systems, then the obvious challenge is to tap into this system to create useful therapies that can provide rehabilitation where damage has occurred. This Research Topic brought together work conducted with healthy and patient populations using several behavioral and imaging techniques, as well as insightful commentaries and opinion pieces. We believe the combined work of the participating authors is an important contribution to this intriguing line of research and an excellent point of reference for future work.