Recognizing Phonemes And Their Distinctive Features In The Brain
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Recognizing Phonemes And Their Distinctive Features In The Brain
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Author : Wang Rui
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University
Release Date : 2011
Recognizing Phonemes And Their Distinctive Features In The Brain written by Wang Rui and has been published by Stanford University this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
How the human brain processes phonemes has been a subject of interest for linguists and neuroscientists for a long time. Electroencephalography (EEG) offers a promising approach to observe neural activities of phoneme processing in the brain, thanks to its high temporal resolution, low cost and noninvasiveness. The studies on Mismatch Negativity (MMN) effects in EEG activities in the 1990s suggested the existence of a language-specific central phoneme representation in the brain. Recent findings using magnetoencephalograph (MEG) also suggested that the brain encodes the complex acoustic-phonetic information of speech into the representations of phonological features before the lexical information is retrieved. However, very little success has yet been reported in classifying the brain activities associated with phoneme processing. In my work, I proposed a classification framework which incorporates Principal Components Analysis (PCA), cross-validation and support vector machine (SVM) methods. The initial classification rates were not very good. Progress was made by using bootstrap aggregation (Bagging) scheme and introducing phase calculations. To calculate phase, I computed the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of the original time-domain signal and kept the angles of the finite sample of frequencies. The resulting EEG spectral representation contains only the phase and frequency information and ignores the amplitudes. Using this method, the accurate rate of classifying averaged test samples of eight consonants improved from 41% to 51%. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis of the similarities between the EEG representations, derived from the confusion matrices, illustrates the invariance of brain and perceptual representation of phonemes. For brain and perceptual representation of consonants, voicing is the most distinguishable feature among voicing, continuant and place of articulation. And the feature vowel-height is more robust than vowel-backness in both brain and perceptual representation of vowels. By extending and further refining these methods, it is likely significant classification of other phonemes and features can be made.
Recognizing Phonemes And Their Distinctive Features In The Brain
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Author : Wang Rui
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Recognizing Phonemes And Their Distinctive Features In The Brain written by Wang Rui and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
How the human brain processes phonemes has been a subject of interest for linguists and neuroscientists for a long time. Electroencephalography (EEG) offers a promising approach to observe neural activities of phoneme processing in the brain, thanks to its high temporal resolution, low cost and noninvasiveness. The studies on Mismatch Negativity (MMN) effects in EEG activities in the 1990s suggested the existence of a language-specific central phoneme representation in the brain. Recent findings using magnetoencephalograph (MEG) also suggested that the brain encodes the complex acoustic-phonetic information of speech into the representations of phonological features before the lexical information is retrieved. However, very little success has yet been reported in classifying the brain activities associated with phoneme processing. In my work, I proposed a classification framework which incorporates Principal Components Analysis (PCA), cross-validation and support vector machine (SVM) methods. The initial classification rates were not very good. Progress was made by using bootstrap aggregation (Bagging) scheme and introducing phase calculations. To calculate phase, I computed the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of the original time-domain signal and kept the angles of the finite sample of frequencies. The resulting EEG spectral representation contains only the phase and frequency information and ignores the amplitudes. Using this method, the accurate rate of classifying averaged test samples of eight consonants improved from 41% to 51%. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis of the similarities between the EEG representations, derived from the confusion matrices, illustrates the invariance of brain and perceptual representation of phonemes. For brain and perceptual representation of consonants, voicing is the most distinguishable feature among voicing, continuant and place of articulation. And the feature vowel-height is more robust than vowel-backness in both brain and perceptual representation of vowels. By extending and further refining these methods, it is likely significant classification of other phonemes and features can be made.
Contemporary Sensorimotor Theory
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Author : John Mark Bishop
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2014-02-08
Contemporary Sensorimotor Theory written by John Mark Bishop and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book analyzes the philosophical foundations of sensorimotor theory and discusses the most recent applications of sensorimotor theory to human computer interaction, child’s play, virtual reality, robotics, and linguistics. Why does a circle look curved and not angular? Why does red not sound like a bell? Why, as I interact with the world, is there something it is like to be me? An analytic philosopher might suggest: ``if we ponder the concept of circle we find that it is the essence of a circle to be round’’. However, where does this definition come from? Was it set in stone by the Gods, in other words by divine arbiters of circleness, redness and consciousness? Particularly, with regard to visual consciousness, a first attempt to explain why our conscious experience of the world appears as it does has been attributed to Kevin O’Regan and Alva Noe, who published their sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness in 2001. Starting with a chapter by Kevin O’Regan, Contemporary Sensorimotor Theory continues by presenting fifteen additional essays on as many developments achieved in recent years in this field. It provides readers with a critical review of the sensorimotor theory and in so doing introduces them to a radically new enactive approach in cognitive science.
Introduction To Phonetics
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Author : L. F. Brosnahan
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1975-08-27
Introduction To Phonetics written by L. F. Brosnahan and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975-08-27 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This introductory textbook in general phonetics was first published in 1976. It will be of use to all with an interest in the nature and working of the sound substance of human language, such as students of phonetics and linguistics, teachers and students of modern languages, speech therapists and audiologists. The emphasis is on the basics: the organs of speech and hearing, the methods of sound production in the vocal tract, the types of sound used in human languages, and the process of speech perception. The focus of attention is always the tongue and ear of the phonetician as an investigator of speech, rather than his instruments or experiments, with due attention paid to the phoneme and the distinctive feature, the units in that border area where phonetics and the study of languages come together.
Phoneme Based Speech Segmentation Using Hybrid Soft Computing Framework
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Author : Mousmita Sarma
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-04-04
Phoneme Based Speech Segmentation Using Hybrid Soft Computing Framework written by Mousmita Sarma and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The book discusses intelligent system design using soft computing and similar systems and their interdisciplinary applications. It also focuses on the recent trends to use soft computing as a versatile tool for designing a host of decision support systems.
Where Do Phonological Features Come From
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Author : G. Nick Clements
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2011-07-28
Where Do Phonological Features Come From written by G. Nick Clements and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-28 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This volume offers a timely reconsideration of the function, content, and origin of phonological features, in a set of papers that is theoretically diverse yet thematically strongly coherent. Most of the papers were originally presented at the International Conference "Where Do Features Come From?" held at the Sorbonne University, Paris, October 4-5, 2007. Several invited papers are included as well. The articles discuss issues concerning the mental status of distinctive features, their role in speech production and perception, the relation they bear to measurable physical properties in the articulatory and acoustic/auditory domains, and their role in language development. Multiple disciplinary perspectives are explored, including those of general linguistics, phonetic and speech sciences, and language acquisition. The larger goal was to address current issues in feature theory and to take a step towards synthesizing recent advances in order to present a current "state of the art" of the field.
Brain Function
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 1963
Brain Function written by and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1963 with Brain categories.
Fundamentals Of Cognitive Psychology
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Author : Ronald T. Kellogg
language : en
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Release Date : 2015-01-07
Fundamentals Of Cognitive Psychology written by Ronald T. Kellogg and has been published by SAGE Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-07 with Psychology categories.
With its reader-friendly style, this concise text offers a solid introduction to the fundamental concepts of cognitive psychology. Covering neuroimaging, emotion, and cognitive development, author Ronald T. Kellogg integrates the latest developments in cognitive neuroscience for a cutting-edge exploration of the field today. With new pedagogy, relevant examples, and an expanded full-color insert, the Third Edition is sure to engage students interested in an accessible and applied approach to cognitive psychology.
Society Of Mind
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Author : Marvin Minsky
language : en
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Release Date : 1988-03-15
Society Of Mind written by Marvin Minsky and has been published by Simon and Schuster this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988-03-15 with Psychology categories.
Computing Methodologies -- Artificial Intelligence.
Music Evolution And The Harmony Of Souls
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Author : Alan R. Harvey
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017-02-10
Music Evolution And The Harmony Of Souls written by Alan R. Harvey and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-10 with Psychology categories.
Music is central to human cultural and intellectual experience. It is vitally important for the welfare of human society and - this book argues - should become more widely accepted in our community as a mainstream educational and therapeutic tool. This book explores the importance of music throughout human evolution, and its continued relevance to modern-day human society. Throughout, the emphasis is on the origin of music and how (and where) it is processed in our brains, exploring in detail the genetic and cultural evolution of modern, loquacious humans, how we may have evolved with unique neural and cognitive architecture, and why two complementary but distinct communication systems - language and music - remain a human universal. In addition the book explores, in some depth, the different theories that have been put forward to explain why musical communication was (and remains) advantageous to our species, with a particular emphasis on the role of music and dance in enhancing altruistic and prosocial behaviours. The author suggests that music, and the social harmonization it brings, was of vital importance in early humans as we became more and more individualized by the emergence of modern language and the modern mind, and the realization that we are mortal. 'Music, Evolution, and the Harmony of Souls' demonstrates the evolutionary sociobiological importance of music as a driver of cooperative and interactive behaviour throughout human existence, and what this evolutionary imperative means to twenty-first century humanity and beyond, from social and medical/neurological perspectives