Reconsidering Causal Powers
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Reconsidering Causal Powers
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Author : Benjamin Hill
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Reconsidering Causal Powers written by Benjamin Hill and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Philosophy categories.
Causal powers are returning to the forefront of realist philosophy of science to fill explanatory gaps seen to be left by reductivist and eliminativist accounts of previous generations. This volume revisits the fortunes of causal powers as scientific explanatory principles across history to foster deeper discussions about their metaphysical natures
Reconsidering Causal Powers
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Author : Benjamin Hill
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021-02-18
Reconsidering Causal Powers written by Benjamin Hill and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-18 with Philosophy categories.
Causal powers are returning to the forefront of realist philosophy of science. Once central features of philosophical thinking about the natures of substances and causes, they were banished during the early modern era and the Scientific Revolution. In this volume, distinguished scholars revisit the fortunes of causal powers as scientific explanatory principles within the theories of substance and cause across history. Each chapter focuses on the philosophical roles causal powers were thought to play at the time, and the reasons offered in support, or against, their coherence and ability to perform these roles. By placing rigorous philosophical analyses of thinking about causal powers within their historical contexts, features of their natures which might remain hidden to contemporary practitioners can be more readily identified and more carefully analyzed. The thoughts of such prominent philosophers as Aristotle, Scotus, Ockham, and Buridan are explored, then on through Suarez, Descartes, and Malebranche, to Locke and Hume, and ultimately to contemporary figures like the logical positivists Goodman and Lewis.
The Metaphysics Of Laws Of Nature
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Author : Walter Ott
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022-06-23
The Metaphysics Of Laws Of Nature written by Walter Ott and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-23 with Science categories.
It can seem obvious that we live in a world governed by laws of nature, yet it was not until the seventeenth century that the concept of a law came to the fore. Ever since, it has been attended by controversy: what does it mean to say that Boyle's law governs the expansion of a gas, or that the planets obey the law of gravity? Laws are rules that permit calculations and predictions. What does the universe have to be like, if it is to play by them? This book sorts the most prominent answers into three families. Laws first arose in a theological context; they govern events only because God enforces them. Those wishing to reverse the order of explanation, and argue that the powers of objects fix the laws, struggled to claim for themselves the results of new science. The stand-off between these two families bred a third which rejects any kind of enforcer for the laws. On this view, laws summarize events; they do not govern anything. This book traces the fortunes of the three families, from their origins to the present day. It uses objections - and the revisions needed to answer them - to produce the best representative of each. Along the way, it tries to settle the rules of this game, the debate over laws of nature. What should we expect from an account of laws? The book aims to help readers develop their own desiderata and judge the merits of the competing positions.
The Ontology Of Relations
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Author : Michele Paolini Paoletti
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2024-11-18
The Ontology Of Relations written by Michele Paolini Paoletti and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-11-18 with Philosophy categories.
This book provides an exhaustive overview of the ontology of relations. Moreover, it offers a detailed defense of the existence of irreducible relations in the universe and shows that entities such as powers should be better thought of as relations. At first, the author discusses many classical arguments for and against the existence of relations and draws preliminary distinctions between internal and external relations and symmetrical and non-symmetrical relations. He defends the existence of irreducible relations against several objections, most notably three Bradleyan regresses. In response to these objections, the author argues that both internal and external relations should be thought of as relational modes and that intentional, temporal and spatial relations are external. He also presents several problems that are typically taken to affect non-symmetrical relations and introduces one new version of a theory to deal with them—the O-Roles theory. Finally, the author explores essential dependence relations and causal dependence relations and defends the view that powers are relational modes. The Ontology of Relations will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in metaphysics, philosophy of science, and history of philosophy.
Uncertainty And Explanation In Medicine And The Health Sciences
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Author : Olaf Dammann
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2025-03-27
Uncertainty And Explanation In Medicine And The Health Sciences written by Olaf Dammann and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-03-27 with Medical categories.
This book offers a comprehensive account of how uncertainty is tackled in medicine and the health sciences. Olaf Dammann explores recent accounts of medicine as ineffective and suggests that the impression that medicine does not achieve its goal is, at least in part, due to the aleatoric (natural) uncertainty of biomedical processes and the subsequent epistemic (cognitive) uncertainty of those who desire solid information about such processes. Dammann shows how concepts like inference, explanation, and causometry help mitigate this disconnect. He points toward the possibility that some of the statistically rigid and formalized approaches (such as the randomized controlled trial as the gold standard for the justification of medical interventions) might better be replaced by approaches that emphasize the coherence of evidence and the people’s needs for helpful health interventions (auxiliarianism).
The Routledge Handbook Of Philosophy Of Responsibility
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Author : Maximilian Kiener
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2023-11-07
The Routledge Handbook Of Philosophy Of Responsibility written by Maximilian Kiener and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-07 with Philosophy categories.
The philosophical inquiry of responsibility is a major and fast-growing field. It not only features questions around free will and moral agency but also addresses various challenges in the social, institutional, and legal contexts in which people are being held responsible. The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Responsibility is an outstanding survey and exploration of these issues. Comprised of forty-one chapters by an international team of contributors, the Handbook is divided into three clear parts – on the history, the theory, and the practice of responsibility – within which the following key topics are examined: responsibility and wrongdoing responsibility and determinism the scope of responsibility the responsibility of individuals within society the concepts of responsibility the conditions and challenges of responsibility the practices of being and holding responsible the ethics and politics of responsibility responsibility in the law Including suggestions for further reading at the end of each chapter, The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Responsibility provides an extremely useful guide to the topic. It will be valuable reading for students and researchers in philosophy and applied ethics, as well as for those in related fields such as politics, law, and policymaking.
The Metaphysics Of Contingency
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Author : Ferenc Huoranszki
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2022-07-14
The Metaphysics Of Contingency written by Ferenc Huoranszki and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-14 with Philosophy categories.
Philosophers approach the problem of possibility in two markedly different ways: with reference to worlds, whereby an event is possible if there is a world in which it occurs, and with reference to modal properties, whereby an event is a possible manifestation of a property of some substance or object. Showing how the world-account cannot properly explain the nature of possibilities within worlds, Ferenc Huoranszki argues that the latter approach is more plausible. He develops a theory of contingent possibilities grounded in a distinction between abilities and dispositions as real, first-order modal properties of objects, with fundamentally distinct ontological roles. By understanding abilities as first-order modal properties, and by linking such modal properties to counterfactual conditionals, Huoranszki argues we can distinguish between variably generic or specific abilities and identify more or less abstract possibilities in a world. In doing so, he furthers our understanding of how we reason with possibilities in both ordinary and theoretical contexts. Providing a novel account of dispositions, abilities and their capacity to explain modality, this book advances current debates in contemporary metaphysics.
The Necessity Of Nature
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Author : Mónica García-Salmones Rovira
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2023-02-23
The Necessity Of Nature written by Mónica García-Salmones Rovira and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-23 with Law categories.
To understand our current world crises, it is essential to study the origins of the systems and institutions we now take for granted. This book takes a novel approach to charting intellectual, scientific and philosophical histories alongside the development of the international legal order by studying the philosophy and theology of the Scientific Revolution and its impact on European natural law, political liberalism and political economy. Starting from analysis of the work of Thomas Hobbes, Robert Boyle and John Locke on natural law, the author incorporates a holistic approach that encompasses global legal matters beyond the foundational matters of treaties and diplomacy. The monograph promotes a sustainable transformation of international law in the context of related philosophy, history and theology. Tackling issues such as nature, money, necessities, human nature, secularism and epistemology, which underlie natural lawyers' thinking, Associate Professor García-Salmones explains their enduring relevance for international legal studies today.
The Lockean Mind
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Author : Jessica Gordon-Roth
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-08-30
The Lockean Mind written by Jessica Gordon-Roth and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-30 with Philosophy categories.
John Locke (1632–1704) is considered one of the most important philosophers of the modern era and the first of what are often called ‘the Great British Empiricists.’ His major work, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, was the single most widely read academic text in Britain for fifty years after its publication and set new limits to the scope and certainty of what we can claim to know about ourselves and the natural world. The Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution were both highly influenced by Locke’s libertarian philosophical ideas, and Locke continues to have an impact on political thought, both conservative and liberal. It is less commonly known that Locke was a practicing physician, an influential interpreter of the Bible, and a policy maker in the English Carolina colonies. The Lockean Mind provides a comprehensive survey of Locke’s work, not only placing it in its historical context but also exploring its contemporary significance. Comprising almost sixty chapters by a superb team of international contributors, the volume is divided into twelve parts covering the full range of Locke’s thought: Historical Background Locke’s Interlocutors Locke’s Epistemology Locke’s Philosophy of Mind Locke on Philosophy of Language and Logic Locke’s Metaphysics Locke’s Natural Philosophy Locke’s Moral Philosophy Locke on Education Locke’s Political Philosophy Locke’s Social Philosophy Locke on Religion Essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy, Locke’s work is central to epistemology; metaphysics; philosophy of mind; philosophy of language; natural philosophy; ethical, legal-political, and social philosophy; as well as philosophy of education and philosophy of religion. This volume will also be a valuable resource to those in related humanities and social sciences disciplines with an interest in John Locke.
Mechanisms In Science
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Author : Stavros Ioannidis
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2022-06-23
Mechanisms In Science written by Stavros Ioannidis and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-23 with Science categories.
In recent years what has come to be called the 'New Mechanism' has emerged as a framework for thinking about the philosophical assumptions underlying many areas of science, especially in sciences such as biology, neuroscience, and psychology. This book offers a fresh look at the role of mechanisms, by situating novel analyses of central philosophical issues related to mechanisms within a rich historical perspective of the concept of mechanism as well as detailed case studies of biological mechanisms (such as apoptosis). It develops a new position, Methodological Mechanism, according to which mechanisms are to be viewed as causal pathways that are theoretically described and are underpinned by networks of difference-making relations. In contrast to metaphysically inflated accounts, this study characterises mechanism as a concept-in-use in science that is deflationary and metaphysically neutral, but still methodologically useful and central to scientific practice.