Regional Imbalances Horizontal Inequalities And Violent Conflicts
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Regional Imbalances Horizontal Inequalities And Violent Conflicts
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Author : Arnim Langer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Regional Imbalances Horizontal Inequalities And Violent Conflicts written by Arnim Langer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Electronic book categories.
Horizontal Inequalities And Conflict
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Author : F. Stewart
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-01-22
Horizontal Inequalities And Conflict written by F. Stewart and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-22 with Social Science categories.
Drawing on econometric evidence and in-depth studies of West Africa, Latin America and Southeast Asia, this book explores how horizontal inequalities - ethnic, religious or racial - are a source of violent conflict and how political, economic and cultural status inequalities have contributed. Policies to reverse inequality would reduce these risks.
Horizontal Inequalities Political Environment And Civil Conflict
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Author : Gudrun Østby
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2007
Horizontal Inequalities Political Environment And Civil Conflict written by Gudrun Østby and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Armed Conflict categories.
Several studies of civil war have concluded that economic inequality between individuals does not increase the risk of internal armed conflict. This is perhaps not so surprising. Even though an individual may feel frustrated if he is poor compared with other individuals in society, he will not start a rebellion on his own. Civil wars are organized group conflicts, not a matter of individuals randomly committing violence against each other. Hence, we should not neglect the group aspect of human well-being and conflict. Systematic inequalities that coincide with ethnic, religious, or geographical cleavages in a country are often referred to as horizontal inequalities (or inter-group inequalities). Case studies of particular countries as well as some statistical studies have found that such inequalities between identity groups tend to be associated with a higher risk of internal conflict. But the emergence of violent group mobilization in a country with sharp horizontal inequalities may depend on the characteristics of the political regime. For example, in an autocracy, grievances that stem from group inequalities are likely to be large and frequent, but state repression may prevent them from being openly expressed. This paper investigates the relationship between horizontal inequalities, political environment, and civil war in developing countries. Based on national survey data from 55 countries it calculates welfare inequalities between ethnic, religious, and regional groups for each country using indicators such as household assets and educational levels. All the inequality measures, particularly regional inequality, are positively associated with higher risks of conflict outbreak. And it seems that the conflict potential of regional inequality is stronger for pure democratic and intermediate regimes than for pure autocratic regimes. Institutional arrangements also seem to matter.
The Peaceful Management Of Horizontal Inequalities In Ghana
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Author : Arnim Langer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
The Peaceful Management Of Horizontal Inequalities In Ghana written by Arnim Langer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Equality categories.
Preventing Violent Conflict In Africa
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Author : Y. Mine
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-10-17
Preventing Violent Conflict In Africa written by Y. Mine and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-17 with Political Science categories.
Horizontal inequalities are root causes of violent conflict in Africa. Yet, people take actions not because of statistical data on inequalities, of which they might not be aware, but because of injustices they perceive. This volume analyses the results of original surveys with over 3,000 respondents in African cities and towns, exposing clear discrepancies between objective inequalities and people's subjective perceptions. The contributors examine experiences in country pairs and probe into the reasons why neighbouring countries, sharing common historical traits, sometimes took contrasting pathways of peace and violent conflict. Combining quantitative analysis and qualitative anatomy of historical experiences of conflict and reconciliation in Rwanda, Burundi, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya and Nigeria, the study brings forward a set of policy recommendations for development practitioners. This work further addresses the issue of institutional choice and reveals how sustainable power-sharing and decentralisation contribute to political stability in Africa.
Horizontal Inequalities And Violent Conflict
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Author : Arnim Langer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Horizontal Inequalities And Violent Conflict written by Arnim Langer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Equality categories.
Horizontal Inequalities Political Environment And Civil Conflict
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Author : Gudrun ??stby
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Horizontal Inequalities Political Environment And Civil Conflict written by Gudrun ??stby and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Several studies of civil war have concluded that economic inequality between individuals does not increase the risk of internal armed conflict. This is perhaps not so surprising. Even though an individual may feel frustrated if he is poor compared with other individuals in society, he will not start a rebellion on his own. Civil wars are organized group conflicts, not a matter of individuals randomly committing violence against each other. Hence, we should not neglect the group aspect of human well-being and conflict. Systematic inequalities that coincide with ethnic, religious, or geographical cleavages in a country are often referred to as horizontal inequalities (or inter-group inequalities). Case studies of particular countries as well as some statistical studies have found that such inequalities between identity groups tend to be associated with a higher risk of internal conflict. But the emergence of violent group mobilization in a country with sharp horizontal inequalities may depend on the characteristics of the political regime. For example, in an autocracy, grievances that stem from group inequalities are likely to be large and frequent, but state repression may prevent them from being openly expressed. This paper investigates the relationship between horizontal inequalities, political environment, and civil war in developing countries. Based on national survey data from 55 countries it calculates welfare inequalities between ethnic, religious, and regional groups for each country using indicators such as household assets and educational levels. All the inequality measures, particularly regional inequality, are positively associated with higher risks of conflict outbreak. And it seems that the conflict potential of regional inequality is stronger for pure democratic and intermediate regimes than for pure autocratic regimes. Institutional arrangements also seem to matter. In fact it seems that the conflict potential of horizontal inequalities increases with more inclusive electoral systems. Finally, the presence of both regional inequalities and political exclusion of minority groups seems to make countries particularly at risk for conflict. The main policy implication of these findings is that the combination of politically and economically inclusive government is required to secure peace in developing countries.
Ethnicity In Ghana
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Author : NA NA
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-04-30
Ethnicity In Ghana written by NA NA and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-30 with Science categories.
Although African ethnicity has become a highly fertile field of enquiry in recent years, most of the research is concentrated on southern and central Africa, and has passed Ghana by. This volume extends many of the distilled insights, but also modifies them in the light of the Ghanaian evidence. The collection is multidisciplinary in scope and spans the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial contexts. A central contention of the volume is that, while there were significant regional variations, ethnicity was not purely a colonial `invention'. The boundaries of `we-groups' have constantly mutated from pre-colonial times, while European categorization owed much to indigenous ways of seeing. The contributors explore the role of European administrators and recruitment officers as well as African cultural brokers in shaping new identities. The interaction of gender and ethnic consciousness is explicitly addressed. The volume also examines the formulation of the national question in Ghana today - in debates over language policy and conflicts over land and chieftaincy.
Horizontal Inequalities
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Author : Frances Stewart
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Horizontal Inequalities written by Frances Stewart and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Developing countries categories.
Pathways For Peace
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Author : United Nations;World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2018-04-13
Pathways For Peace written by United Nations;World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-13 with Political Science categories.
Violent conflicts today are complex and increasingly protracted, involving more nonstate groups and regional and international actors. It is estimated that by 2030—the horizon set by the international community for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals—more than half of the world’s poor will be living in countries affected by high levels of violence. Information and communication technology, population movements, and climate change are also creating shared risks that must be managed at both national and international levels. Pathways for Peace is a joint United Nations†“World Bank Group study that originates from the conviction that the international community’s attention must urgently be refocused on prevention. A scaled-up system for preventive action would save between US$5 billion and US$70 billion per year, which could be reinvested in reducing poverty and improving the well-being of populations. The study aims to improve the way in which domestic development processes interact with security, diplomacy, mediation, and other efforts to prevent conflicts from becoming violent. It stresses the importance of grievances related to exclusion—from access to power, natural resources, security and justice, for example—that are at the root of many violent conflicts today. Based on a review of cases in which prevention has been successful, the study makes recommendations for countries facing emerging risks of violent conflict as well as for the international community. Development policies and programs must be a core part of preventive efforts; when risks are high or building up, inclusive solutions through dialogue, adapted macroeconomic policies, institutional reform, and redistributive policies are required. Inclusion is key, and preventive action needs to adopt a more people-centered approach that includes mainstreaming citizen engagement. Enhancing the participation of women and youth in decision making is fundamental to sustaining peace, as well as long-term policies to address the aspirations of women and young people.