Role Of Ghrelin In Metabolic And Muscle Disorders
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Role Of Ghrelin In Metabolic And Muscle Disorders
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Author : Felix Nnaemeka Ugwu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Role Of Ghrelin In Metabolic And Muscle Disorders written by Felix Nnaemeka Ugwu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Ghrelin categories.
The Regulation Of Adipose Tissue And Skeletal Muscle Substrate Metabolism By Ghrelin
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Author : Daniel Cervone
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
The Regulation Of Adipose Tissue And Skeletal Muscle Substrate Metabolism By Ghrelin written by Daniel Cervone and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Research examining a potential role for ghrelin, the "hunger hormone", in regulating substrate metabolism beyond its classical role in regulating appetite is relatively sparse. This is surprising given that ghrelin isoforms reach their peak circulating concentration just prior to the consumption of macronutrients. Here, we demonstrate a role for ghrelin in the direct regulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism in isolated skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Experiments were primarily ex vivo to eliminate confounding factors, such as growth hormone release following ghrelin administration in vivo. Metabolic measurements were coupled with cellular signalling analyses to give insight into ghrelin's cellular action. In study one, we investigated whether ghrelin could influence the mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue. We speculated, in theory, that the pre-prandial rise in ghrelin would downregulate adipose tissue lipolysis in preparation for a meal. We indeed found that ghrelin inhibited the adrenergic stimulation of lipolysis, although it remains uncertain whether this has physiological mealtime implications, in vivo. In the second study of this thesis, the purported role in the literature for ghrelin as a regulator of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is challenged. Ghrelin was unable to alter skeletal muscle insulin signalling or glucose uptake either independently, or in combination with insulin in isolated muscle. Finally, the third study expanded on previous work from our lab demonstrating that ghrelin stimulates skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation. We sought to determine whether ghrelin could protect muscle against reductions to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and insulin signalling activation acutely caused by saturated fatty acids. While both isoforms appeared to protect insulin signalling, only unacylated ghrelin (UnAG) was able to preserve insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. UnAG also stimulated palmitate oxidation more effectively than AG. To that end, the preservation of insulin action by UnAG was abolished when fatty acid oxidation was pharmacologically inhibited. Finally, the effects of UnAG on glucose uptake and palmitate oxidation were no longer evident in muscle isolated from high-fat fed rats, implying a resistance to ghrelin. Taken together, the findings in this thesis highlight important new roles for ghrelin in regulating substrate metabolism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle.
The Ghrelin System
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Author : A. Benso
language : en
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Release Date : 2013-04-22
The Ghrelin System written by A. Benso and has been published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-22 with Medical categories.
The ghrelin story started more than 30 years ago with the discovery of synthetic GH secretagogues. Only in 1999 was ghrelin a natural GH-releasing peptide, discovered. Ghrelin, however, is much more than simply a natural GH secretagogue. In fact, this hormone is one of the most important factors known for regulating appetite and energy expenditure. Furthermore, ghrelin is the trigger for other neuroendocrine, metabolic and nonendocrine actions.This book, written by researchers who provided the major contributions to our current knowledge of this complex system, gives a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in ghrelin research. The hormone's influence on the cardiovascular, metabolic and gastroenteropancreatic system, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, prolactin secretion, thyroid axis, gonadal axis as well as on behavior is discussed in detail. Furthermore, the clinical perspectives for ghrelin-derived therapeutic products are presented.Illustrating the tight inter-relationship between endocrinology, metabolism, cardiovascular disease and internal medicine, this book is essential reading for all scientists interested in appetite control, body weight and energy expenditure, as well as diabetes mellitus and neuroendocrinology.
Gut Hormones
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Author : Stephen Robert Bloom
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981
Gut Hormones written by Stephen Robert Bloom and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Gastrointestinal hormones categories.
Growth Hormone And The Heart
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Author : Andrea Giustina
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2000-11-30
Growth Hormone And The Heart written by Andrea Giustina and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-11-30 with Medical categories.
Growth Hormone and the Heart endeavors to bring together knowledge that has been accumulated in the area of GH and the heart, from basic to clinical studies, by research groups working on this topic throughout the world. Lessons from different experimental models and from several human diseases (acromegaly, adult GH deficiency, heart failure) suggest to endocrinologists and cardiologists that GH may not only have a role in the physiology and pathophysiology of heart function, but that GH itself may have a place in the treatment of primary heart diseases (such as dilated cardiomyopathy) or of cardiac complications of hypopituitarism. Growth Hormone and the Heart will be a useful update of the research produced in the field of cardiovascular endocrinology. The Editors also hope that this book will serve as the primary step in the recognition of the wide physiological and clinical significance of GH and heart interactions.
Nutrigenomics How Science Works
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Author : Carsten Carlberg
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-02-14
Nutrigenomics How Science Works written by Carsten Carlberg and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-14 with Medical categories.
The fascinating area of Nutrigenomics describes this daily communication between our diet and our genome. This book describes how nutrition shapes human evolution and demonstrates its consequences for our susceptibility to diseases, such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. Inappropriate diet can yield stress for our cells, tissues and organs and then it is often associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. Overnutrition paired with physical inactivity leads to overweight and obesity and results in increased burden for a body that originally was adapted for a life in the savannahs of East Africa. Therefore, this textbook does not discuss a theoretical topic in science, but it talks about real life and our life-long “chat” with diet. We are all food consumers, thus each of us is concerned by the topic of this book and should be aware of its mechanisms. The purpose of this book is to provide an overview on the principles of nutrigenomics and their relation to health or disease. The content of this book is based on the lecture course “Nutrigenomics”, which is held since 2003 once per year by Prof. Carlberg at the University of Eastern Finland in Kuopio. The book represents an updated but simplified version of our textbook “Nutrigenomics” (ISBN 978-3-319-30413-7). Besides its value as a textbook, “Nutrigenomics: how science works” will be a useful reference for individuals working in biomedicine
Hormones Metabolism And The Benefits Of Exercise
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Author : Bruce Spiegelman
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-03-07
Hormones Metabolism And The Benefits Of Exercise written by Bruce Spiegelman and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-07 with Science categories.
The world is faced with an epidemic of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. This is due to changes in dietary habits and the decrease in physical activity. Exercise is usually part of the prescription, the first line of defense, to prevent or treat metabolic disorders. However, we are still learning how and why exercise provides metabolic benefits in human health. This open access volume focuses on the cellular and molecular pathways that link exercise, muscle biology, hormones and metabolism. This will include novel “myokines” that might act as new therapeutic agents in the future.
Nutrigenomics
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Author : Carsten Carlberg
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-06-11
Nutrigenomics written by Carsten Carlberg and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-11 with Science categories.
The fascinating area of Nutrigenomics describes this daily communication between diet, food and nutrients, their metabolites and our genome. This book describes how nutrition shapes human evolution and demonstrates its consequences for our susceptibility to diseases, such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. Inappropriate diet can yield stress for our cells, tissues and organs and then it is often associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. Overnutrition paired with physical inactivity leads to overweight and obesity and results in increased burden for a body that originally was adapted for a life in the savannas of East Africa. Therefore, this textbook does not discuss a theoretical topic in science, but it talks about real life, and our life-long “chat” with diet. We are all food consumers, thus each of us is concerned by the topic of this book and should be aware of its mechanisms. The purpose of this book is to provide an overview on the principles of nutrigenomics and their relation to health or disease. We are not aiming to compete with more comprehensive textbooks on molecular nutrition, evolutionary biology, genomics, gene regulation or metabolic diseases, but rather will focus on the essentials and will combine, in a compact form, elements from different disciplines. In order to facilitate the latter, we favor a high figure-to-text ratio following the rule “a picture tells more than thousand words”. The content of this book is based on the lecture course “Nutrigenomics”, which is held since 2003 once per year by Prof. Carlberg at the University of Eastern Finland in Kuopio. The book is subdivided into three sections and twelve chapters. Following the "Introduction" there are sections on the "Molecular genetic basis" and the "Links to disease", which take a view on nutrigenomics from the perspective of molecular mechanisms or from the causes of metabolic diseases, respectively. Besides its value as a textbook, Nutrigenomics will be a usefull reference for individuals working in biomedicine.
Mechanisms Of Insulin Action
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Author : Alan R. Saltiel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-10-05
Mechanisms Of Insulin Action written by Alan R. Saltiel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10-05 with Medical categories.
More than 18 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus, and about 90% of these have the type 2 form of the disease. This book attempts to dissect the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of insulin action with a special emphasis on those features of the system that are subject to alteration in type 2 diabetes and other insulin resistant states. It explores insulin action at the most basic levels, through complex systems.
Growth Hormone In Adults
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Author : Anders Juul
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2000-04-27
Growth Hormone In Adults written by Anders Juul and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-04-27 with Medical categories.
This revised new edition reviews the substantial advances in our understanding of the vital role of growth hormone (GH) in maintaining adult health, and the resulting disorders from GH deficiency. The first edition, published in 1996, provided a pioneering overview of the subject; this new edition provides an even more comprehensive account, fully updated with the latest research, clinical applications, and references. The therapeutic benefits of GH treatment in GH deficiency are thoroughly evaluated, including effects on metabolism, cardiac function, exercise performance, psychosocial aspects, and aging and gender-specific effects. This compilation by the world's leading experts covers clinical investigation, diagnosis and treatment issues, and encompasses new knowledge of the control and action of GH secretion. This volume is the most authoritative, comprehensive, and detailed account available and will be an essential source of reference for all endocrinologists.