The Ghrelin System

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The Ghrelin System

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Author : A. Benso
language : en
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Release Date : 2013-04-22

The Ghrelin System written by A. Benso and has been published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-22 with Medical categories.

The ghrelin story started more than 30 years ago with the discovery of synthetic GH secretagogues. Only in 1999 was ghrelin‚ a natural GH-releasing peptide, discovered. Ghrelin, however, is much more than simply a natural GH secretagogue. In fact, this hormone is one of the most important factors known for regulating appetite and energy expenditure. Furthermore, ghrelin is the trigger for other neuroendocrine, metabolic and nonendocrine actions.This book, written by researchers who provided the major contributions to our current knowledge of this complex system, gives a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in ghrelin research. The hormone's influence on the cardiovascular, metabolic and gastroenteropancreatic system, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, prolactin secretion, thyroid axis, gonadal axis as well as on behavior is discussed in detail. Furthermore, the clinical perspectives for ghrelin-derived therapeutic products are presented.Illustrating the tight inter-relationship between endocrinology, metabolism, cardiovascular disease and internal medicine, this book is essential reading for all scientists interested in appetite control, body weight and energy expenditure, as well as diabetes mellitus and neuroendocrinology.

Metabolic Aspects Of The Ghrelin System

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Author : Carlotta Gauna
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007

Metabolic Aspects Of The Ghrelin System written by Carlotta Gauna and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.

Central Functions Of The Ghrelin Receptor

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Author : Jeanelle Portelli
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-05-15

Central Functions Of The Ghrelin Receptor written by Jeanelle Portelli and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-15 with Medical categories.

The Ghrelin receptor was identified before its natural ligand ghrelin. This receptor is found both centrally and peripherally, and has been shown to affect various processes, such as food intake, gut motility, memory, glucose and lipid metabolism, cardiovascular performances, reproduction, memory, and immunological responses, amongst others. The functions of the ghrelin receptor in the central nervous system are numerous and are still being explored. In this book we specifically focus on the various roles of the ghrelin receptor in the central nervous system. In a first set of chapters, the book will focus on the discovery and the properties of this intriguing constitutively active G-protein coupled receptor, on its multiple intracellular transduction mechanisms and the various subtypes of the currently known ghrelin receptor complexes. Next, the book will elaborate on the mitochondrial mechanisms regulated by the ghrelin receptor, its role in feeding and drug addictive mechanisms, memory, sleep and arousal. The final chapters focus on the potential of this receptor as a target for the treatment of neurological disorders including Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, anxiety and depression.

Precision Bariatric Surgery

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Author : Roxanna Zakeri
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022

Precision Bariatric Surgery written by Roxanna Zakeri and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.

The Ghrelin System Links Dietary Lipids With The Endocrine Control Of Energy Homeostasis

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Author : Henriette Kirchner
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010

The Ghrelin System Links Dietary Lipids With The Endocrine Control Of Energy Homeostasis written by Henriette Kirchner and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.

Ghrelin Function Mechanism Of Action And Role In Health And Disease

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Author : Dennis Hertz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-03-30

Ghrelin Function Mechanism Of Action And Role In Health And Disease written by Dennis Hertz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-30 with categories.

Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid peptide mainly secreted by the stomach. To better understand the role of ghrelin signaling, Ghrelin: Function, Mechanism of Action and Role in Health and Disease first explores the regulation of age-associated adipose tissue inflammation. Following this, the authors discuss the influence of different variables on the response of short-term appetite regulation induced by exercise. External factors such as temperature and environment exert effects on hormonal responses, including hunger sensation and energy intake. The effects of gender differences and aging on psychological stress-dependent eating disorders are assessed, and the involvement of endogenous ghrelin, the serotonin 2c receptor and the estrogen alpha receptor is discussed. The penultimate chapter reviews the relationship between sleep and eating behavior, focusing in the influences of circadian changes on appetite related responses such as plasma concentration of ghrelin. The concluding study highlights the ghrelin system as a promising candidate for cardiovascular drug discovery, a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of endothelial impairment, and a possible contribution to the prevention of atherosclerosis.

Gut Hormones

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Author : Stephen Robert Bloom
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981

Gut Hormones written by Stephen Robert Bloom and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Gastrointestinal hormones categories.

Developmental Biology Of Gastrointestinal Hormones

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Author : M. Wabitsch
language : en
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Release Date : 2017-08-16

Developmental Biology Of Gastrointestinal Hormones written by M. Wabitsch and has been published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-16 with Medical categories.

The gut not only represents the largest endocrine organ of the human body but is also profoundly involved in the control of metabolism through peptide hormones. Therefore, gastrointestinal hormones are acting via autocrine, paracrine, and classical endocrine pathways and regulate e.g. digestion, hunger, and satiety. Furthermore, they are important regulators of body weight, growth, and glucose metabolism, as well as of mood and behavior. Physicians and scientists in the field of pediatric endocrinology and diabetes, as well as in pediatric gastroenterology, require an extensive understanding of the origin of enteroendocrine cells, factors controlling their differentiation, hormone gene expression, secretion, function and, finally, the complex interaction with other organs, especially the central nervous system. In order to meet these needs, experts in the field have written up-to-date, comprehensive, and illustrated reviews presenting the current knowledge in the field of gastrointestinal endocrinology with a pediatric view. Those reviews comprise this latest volume of Endocrine Development.

Handbook Of Hormones

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Author : Yoshio Takei
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2015-08-26

Handbook Of Hormones written by Yoshio Takei and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-26 with Science categories.

Handbook of Hormones: Comparative Endocrinology for Basic and Clinical Research collates fundamental information about the structure and function of hormones from basic biology to clinical use. The handbook offers a rapid way to obtain specific facts about the chemical and molecular characteristics of hormones, their receptors and signalling pathways, and the biological activities they regulate. The evolution of hormones and gene families is also covered both in the text and in online ancillaries. Users will find simple and visual ways to learn key molecular information. Chapters and online ancillary resources integrate additional sections, providing a comparative molecular, functional, and evolutionary consideration. Provides the only single resource available with concise, yet informative descriptions of hormones in vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants Presents hormones in groups according to their origin, so that readers can easily understand their inter-relation Includes comparative information on the structures and functions of hormones enabling readers to understand both general and specific actions in and across species Ancillary website hosts additional information, including sequence data, comparative data, figures, and tables

Diet Induced Obesity Causes Ghrelin Resistance In Arcuate Npy Agrp Neurons

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Author : Dana Isobel Briggs
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

Diet Induced Obesity Causes Ghrelin Resistance In Arcuate Npy Agrp Neurons written by Dana Isobel Briggs and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.

The current obesity epidemic is a growing public health care concern across all ages and socioeconomic groups in developed and developing countries alike. To date, obesity research has focused on mechanisms that normally curb hyperphagia. We have taken the novel approach of studying the mechanisms that stimulate hyperphagia in the obese situation, by focussing our attention on the stomach-derived hormone ghrelin. Ghrelin is the only systemic orexigenic peptide, and promotes food intake and blood glucose under conditions of negative energy balance. As its role in obesity is not well understood, the research objective of this thesis was to characterise how the ghrelin system functions in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. The premise was that if ghrelin contributes to the development and maintenance of obesity, then the ghrelin system presents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease.The first part of this thesis characterised ghrelin sensitivity in a model of DIO mice. We show for the first time that DIO mice are profoundly ghrelin resistant. We demonstrate that ghrelin resistance occurs in arcuate neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons as a consequence of a downregulation of the neuroendocrine ghrelin axis and impaired NPY/AgRP neuronal function. Together, these mechanisms prevent NPY/AgRP neurons from responding to ghrelin and initiating feeding behaviour. Importantly, failure of NPY/AgRP neurons to respond to ghrelin also extends to other orexigenic stimuli, such as fasting.We then established the timecourse over which this occurs, to identify mechanisms that contribute to ghrelin resistance. We show that ghrelin resistance develops after three weeks of high fat diet feeding, and is preceded by adipose tissue gain and increased plasma leptin. We hypothesised that leptin may impair ghrelin signalling in NPY/AgRP neurons. We show that leptin-deficient ob/ob mice are ghrelin sensitive in spite of obesity, and that leptin suppresses ghrelin-induced food intake in this model.viiThis supports our hypothesis that increased circulating leptin in DIO mice suppresses ghrelin sensitivity in NPY/AgRP neurons. Further, after three weeks of high fat diet-feeding leptin signalling remains intact, though attenuated, in NPY/AgRP neurons. Thus, we have identified leptin as a potential mechanism by which DIO causes ghrelin resistance occurs in NPY/AgRP neurons.The final part of the thesis examines whether ghrelin resistance in ARC NPY/AgRP neurons is reversible. We show that diet-induced weight loss with calorie restriction increases plasma ghrelin along with hypothalamic NPY and AgRP mRNA expression and restores ghrelin sensitivity. This likely contributes to rebound weight gain commonly seen in human patients. Diet-induced weight loss without calorie restriction has milder effects; this diet paradigm does not increase orexigenic tone and only partially restores ghrelin sensitivity. Thus, losing weight without calorie restriction is likely better for the long-term maintenance of a lower body weight.The studies presented here highlight an emerging role for NPY/AgRP neuronal dysfunction in the pathophysiology of obesity. Ultimately, these studies further our understanding of how ghrelin regulates food intake in the obese and post-obese state and we hope that they will improve the clinical management of weight loss maintenance therapies.