Safety Nets Politics And The Poor
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Safety Nets Politics And The Poor
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Author : Carol L. Graham
language : en
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Release Date : 2010-12-01
Safety Nets Politics And The Poor written by Carol L. Graham and has been published by Brookings Institution Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12-01 with Political Science categories.
Countries worldwide are attempting difficult transitions from state-planned to market economies. Most of these countries have fragile democratic regimes that are threatened by the high social and political costs of reform. Governments—and ultimately societies—have to make hard choices about allocating scarce public resources as they undergo these transitions. A central, often controversial, and most poignant question is how to protect vulnerable groups and the poor. What compensation, what "safety net" will be provided for them? Carol Graham argues that safety nets can provide an environment in which economic reform is more politically sustainable and poverty can be permanently reduced. However, these two objectives frequently involve trade-offs, as vocal and organized opponents of reform (for obvious political reasons) often concern governments far more than the poor. These organized and less vulnerable groups tend to place heavy demands on the scarce resources available to governments at times of economic crisis. Governments that fail to address the social costs of reform, meanwhile, often face popular opposition that jeopardizes or even derails the entire market transition--the results of the September 1993 elections in Poland are a case in point. The author examines these trade-offs in detail, with a particular focus on how political and institutional contexts affect the kinds of safety nets that are implemented. For example, reaching the poor and vulnerable with safety nets tends to be more difficult in closed-party systems, such as in Senegal, where entrenched interest groups have a monopoly on state benefits. In contrast, dramatic political change or rapid implementation of economic reform undermines the influence of such groups and therefore can provide unique political opportunities to redirect resources to the poor, as in the case of Bolivia and Zambia. Rather than focus their efforts on organized interest groups--such as public sector
Realizing The Full Potential Of Social Safety Nets In Africa
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Author : Kathleen Beegle
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2018-07-02
Realizing The Full Potential Of Social Safety Nets In Africa written by Kathleen Beegle and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-02 with Business & Economics categories.
Poverty remains a pervasive and complex phenomenon in Sub-Saharan Africa. Part of the agenda in recent years to tackle poverty in Africa has been the launching of social safety nets programs. All countries have now deployed safety net interventions as part of their core development programs. The number of programs has skyrocketed since the mid-2000s though many programs remain limited in size. This shift in social policy reflects the progressive evolution in the understanding of the role that social safety nets can play in the fight against poverty and vulnerability, and more generally in the human capital and growth agenda. Evidence on their impacts on equity, resilience, and opportunity is growing, and makes a foundational case for investments in safety nets as a major component of national development plans. For this potential to be realized, however, safety net programs need to be significantly scaled-up. Such scaling up will involve a series of technical considerations to identify the parameters, tools, and processes that can deliver maximum benefits to the poor and vulnerable. However, in addition to technical considerations, and at least as importantly, this report argues that a series of decisive shifts need to occur in three other critical spheres: political, institutional, and fiscal. First, the political processes that shape the extent and nature of social policy need to be recognized, by stimulating political appetite for safety nets, choosing politically smart parameters, and harnessing the political impacts of safety nets to promote their sustainability. Second, the anchoring of safety net programs in institutional arrangements †“ related to the overarching policy framework for safety nets, the functions of policy and coordination, as well as program management and implementation †“ is particularly important as programs expand and are increasingly implemented through national channels. And third, in most countries, the level and predictability of resources devoted to the sector needs to increase for safety nets to reach the desired scale, through increased efficiency, increased volumes and new sources of financing, and greater ability to effectively respond to shocks. This report highlights the implications which political, institutional, and fiscal aspects have for the choice and design of programs. Fundamentally, it argues that these considerations are critical to ensure the successful scaling-up of social safety nets in Africa, and that ignoring them could lead to technically-sound, but practically impossible, choices and designs.
Reducing Poverty And Investing In People
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Author : Victoria Monchuk
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2013-12-16
Reducing Poverty And Investing In People written by Victoria Monchuk and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-16 with Business & Economics categories.
This book assesses the status, objectives, features, performance, and financing of safety nets in Africa. It identifies how governments and donors can strengthen safety nets to protect and promote poor people. Overall safety nets are on the rise in Africa and are beginning to evolve from fragmented programs into systems.
Poverty Growth And Safety Nets
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Author : Anil B. Deolalikar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Poverty Growth And Safety Nets written by Anil B. Deolalikar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Business & Economics categories.
This volume focuses on the dimensions and determinants of poverty in Asia. Contributions from Jean DrÃ? ̈ze, Amartya Sen and others cover issues such as democratic practice and social inequality in India, Thailand, the Philippines, Pakistan, and Vietnam. The book also examines democratic decentralization, institutional constraints, land reform, the role of politics and economic growth in poverty reduction, and the importance of beneficiary participation in public safety net programs.
The Political Economy Of Targeted Safety Nets
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Author : Azedine Ouerghi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
The Political Economy Of Targeted Safety Nets written by Azedine Ouerghi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
To be successful, Social Safety Net (SSN) programs require three elements of policy design: technical correctness, administrative feasibility and political viability; yet the politically supportable aspect is often neglected. In this note, several features of political economy applicable to the choice, design, and implementation of safety net programs are discussed: modeling the electoral politics of targeting; the roles of attitudes and perceptions; centralized versus localized control; internal and organizational politics, and finally, politics and the different social objectives of safety ropes and safety nets. The note discusses the political viability of any SSN program, profoundly influenced by corruption and the perceptions of horizontal equity, process and administrative fairness, and effectiveness. Corruption subverts all three perceptions, and so is especially damaging to political support. Moreover, changes in the average poverty rate mask enormous "churning" as households move in and out of poverty. This volatility creates the demand not just for transfer programs to those whose incomes are chronically low (safety nets), but also for insurance-like programs that would pay off not only when income was absolutely low, but also when households experienced negative shocks (safety ropes). While safety "nets" seek to minimize income or expenditure poverty, the objective of safety "ropes" is to mitigate risk. If the targeting of social programs is judged exclusively on poverty or benefit incidence based on a cross sectional snapshot, then risk mitigation programs benefiting households who have suffered large shocks, but who are not "poor" may appear to have large "leakage" when in fact they are simply serving an alternative social objective. While a "safety net" program might be more popular, the more effectively it transfers from richer to poorer households, a "safety rope" program might cause little net redistribution, but be popular because it serves an important insurance function.
Social Safety Nets And Poverty Reduction In Developing Countries
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Author : Jannatul Ferdous
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2023-12-05
Social Safety Nets And Poverty Reduction In Developing Countries written by Jannatul Ferdous and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-05 with Social Science categories.
This book investigates the origins, current state, and fundamental value of social safety nets in developing countries, as well as their effectiveness in these settings. Social safety net programs (SSNPs) are critical because they keep those who are already vulnerable from falling deeper into poverty. Analysing how social safety nets benefit the most disadvantaged and marginalized members of society by allowing those in need to become financially stable, more resilient, and open up more opportunities for themselves, this book shows that social safety nets (SSNs) are a collection of social services designed to protect people from the effects of economic and emotional hardship. Showing that the purpose of the safety net is not to provide permanent financial security, but rather to provide temporary financial security during periodic shocks and how this applies in South Asia and also in parts of Africa, this book will be of interest to all scholars and students of social policy, sociology, social work, and Global South politics more generally.
For Protection And Promotion
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Author : Margaret Grosh
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2008-08-25
For Protection And Promotion written by Margaret Grosh and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-08-25 with Political Science categories.
Safety nets are noncontributory transfer programs targeted to the poor or vulnerable. They play important roles in social policy. Safety nets redistribute income, thereby immediately reducing poverty and inequality; they enable households to invest in the human capital of their children and in the livelihoods of their earners; they help households manage risk, both ex ante and ex post; and they allow governments to implement macroeconomic or sectoral reforms that support efficiency and growth. To be effective, safety nets must not only be well intended, but also well designed and well implemented. A good safety net system and its programs are tailored to country circumstances, adequate in their coverage and generosity, equitable, cost-effective, incentive compatible, and sustainable. Good safety nets are also dynamic and change over time as the economy changes or as management problems are solved and new standards are set. Drawing on a wealth of research, policy, and operational documents from both academia and the World Bank s work in over 100 countries, For Protection and Promotion provides pragmatic and informed guidance on how to design and implement safety nets, including useful information on how to define eligibility and select beneficiaries, set and pay benefits, and monitor and evaluate programs and systems. The book synthesizes the literature to date and enriches it with new examples on various program options cash transfers (conditional and unconditional), in-kind transfers, price subsidies, fee waivers, and public works. It concludes with a comprehensive diagnostic for fitting safety net systems and programs to specific circumstances.
Inclusion And Resilience
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Author : Joana Silva
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2013
Inclusion And Resilience written by Joana Silva and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Business & Economics categories.
Inclusion and Resilience has two broad objectives. The study seeks first to enhance knowledge about the current state of existing social safety nets (SSNs) in the Middle East and North Africa, assessing their effectiveness by bringing together new evidence, data, and country-specific analysis. Second, it proposes an open and informed debate on feasible policy options for making SSNs more effective and responsive to the population's needs. In order to do this, the authors illustrate how the main goals for SSNs-promoting social inclusion, better livelihood, and resilience to shocks-have already been achieved in some parts of the region, notwithstanding huge challenges. They also identify the groups that regional SSNs should make a priority: children and people living in rural and lagging areas. The study relies on newly collected data on citizens' preferences concerning redistribution and SSN design, discussing how political economy considerations could be taken into account in designing better SSNs, and proposing an agenda for reform, using global experiences and the new evidence presented in the book itself.
Social Safety Nets And Poverty Reduction In Developing Countries
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Author : Jannatul Ferdous (Public administration)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2024
Social Safety Nets And Poverty Reduction In Developing Countries written by Jannatul Ferdous (Public administration) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024 with Poverty categories.
"This book investigates the origins, current state, and fundamental value of social safety nets in developing countries, as well as their effectiveness in these settings. Social safety net programs (SSNPs) are critical because they keep those who are already vulnerable from falling deeper into poverty. Analysing how social safety nets benefit the most disadvantaged and marginalized members of society by allowing those in need to become financially stable, more resilient, and open up more opportunities for themselves, it shows that SSNs are a collection of social services designed to protect people from the effects of economic and emotional hardship. Showing that the purpose of the safety net is not to provide permanent financial security, but rather to provide temporary financial security during periodic shocks and how this applies in South Asia and also in parts of Africa, this book will be of interest to all scholars and students of social policy, sociology, social work and the global south politics more generally"--
The State Of Social Safety Nets 2015
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2015
The State Of Social Safety Nets 2015 written by and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Political Science categories.
Over the last decade, a policy revolution has been underway in the developing and emerging world. Country after country is systematically providing non-contributory transfers to poor and vulnerable people, in order to protect them against economic shocks and to enable them to invest in themselves and their children. Social safety nets or social transfers, as these are called, have spread rapidly from their early prominence in the middle-income countries of Latin America and Europe increasingly to nations in Africa, Asia and the Middle East - and today, over 130 developing countries have made investments in social safety nets an important pillar of economic development policies. The statistics and analysis in The State of Social Safety Nets 2015 capture this revolution, and reveal it in many dimensions at the country, regional, and international levels. This latest edition of a periodic series brings together a large body of data that was not previously available, drawing on the World Bank's ASPIRE database and other sources. Why have so many countries made a firm commitment to incorporate social safety nets as part of their social and economic policy architecture? Because social safety nets work. This report also reports on the rigorous evidence that demonstrates their impact, and also points the way to making them even more efficient and effective at meeting their development goals. This latest edition of a periodic series brings together a large body of data that was not previously available, drawing on the World Bank's ASPIRE database and other sources to examine trends in coverage, spending, and safety nets program performance.