Septins
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Septins
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2016-07-26
Septins written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-26 with Science categories.
Septins provides established septin and molecular and developmental biologists and researchers new to the field with proven, state-of-art techniques and relevant historical background and theory to aid efficient design and effective implementation of experimental methodologies. Topics include the purification of septin proteins from diverse systems, their visualization in live cells, and their analysis by a variety of cutting-edge microscopy approaches. Provides the latest information on septins Includes both established and new technologies Brings together specialists from the field who contribute their expertise
The Septins
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Author : Peter A. Hall
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2008-11-20
The Septins written by Peter A. Hall and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-11-20 with Science categories.
"The authors represent most of the key figures and the work and the book as a whole is an essential reference for the newcomer or specialist in this area and for any student of eukaryotic cell structure and function. This is an important and wonderful reference." –Microbiology Today, May 2009 Septins are an evolutionarily conserved group of GTP-binding and filament-forming proteins that were originally discovered in yeast. Once the preserve of a small band of yeast biologists, the field has grown rapidly in the past few years and now encompasses the whole of animal and fungal biology. Furthermore, septins are nowadays recognized to be involved in a variety of disease processes from neoplasia to neurodegenerative conditions. This book comprehensively examines the septin gene family and their proteins, providing those new to this research area with a detailed and wide ranging introduction to septin biology. It starts with a unique historical perspective on the development of the field, from its beginnings in the screen for cell division mutants by the Nobel Laureate Lee Hartwell. The evolution of the septin gene family then forms a basis for consideration of the biochemistry and functions of septins in yeast and other model organisms including C. elegans and Drosophila. A major part of the book considers the diversity of septins in mammals, their functions and properties as well as their involvement in normal and abnormal cellular states, followed by a speculative overview from the editors of the key questions in septin research and of where the field may be headed. In addition, several appendices summarise important information for those in, or just entering, the field, e.g. nomenclature and septin and septin-like sequences. This book is an essential source of reference material for researchers in septin biology, cell biology, genetics and medicine, in particular pathology, including areas of neurobiology, oncology, infectious disease and developmental biology.
Emerging Functions Of Septins
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Author : Manoj B. Menon
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-10-10
Emerging Functions Of Septins written by Manoj B. Menon and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-10 with Electronic book categories.
Together with the microfilament, microtubule and intermediate-filament networks, septins constitute an integral part of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Historically identified as proteins critical for septum formation in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, septin family GTPases are expressed and participate in the process of cytokinesis in most eukaryotes except higher plants. More than a dozen septin genes in mammals, together with various splice variants displaying tissue-specific expression patterns and flexible hetero-polymeric higher-order assembly achieve an unfathomable complexity superior to the other cytoskeletal components. Even though the initial studies in the septin field was restricted to their evolutionarily conserved role in cell division, strong expression of septins in the non-dividing cells of the brain generated great interest in understanding their role in neuronal morphogenesis and other aspects of cellular function. On one hand, recent developments indicate complex non-canonical roles for septins in diverse processes ranging from neuronal development to immune response and calcium signaling. On the other hand several lines of data including those from knockout models question the universal role for septins in animal cell cytokinesis. Mammalian hematopoietic cells seem to proliferate and efficiently undergo cytokinesis in the absence of pivotal septin proteins in a context-dependent manner. The lack of septin-dependence of hematopoiesis also opens the possibility of safely targeting septin-dependent cytokinesis for solid-tumor therapy. Thus the septin field is perfectly poised with novel roles for septins being discovered and the basic understanding on septin assembly and its canonical functions constantly revisited. The objective of this research topic was to provide an exclusive platform for discussing these rapid advances in the septin field. With a mixture of reviews and research articles encompassing diverse areas of septin research, ranging from the humble yeast model to human cancer, this ebook will be an interesting reading material for both experts as well as new comers to the septin field.
Emerging Functions Of Septins Volume Ii
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Author : Manoj B. Menon
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-07-12
Emerging Functions Of Septins Volume Ii written by Manoj B. Menon and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-12 with Science categories.
Probing Septin Function Through Interaction Screens
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Author : Jonathan David Steels
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Probing Septin Function Through Interaction Screens written by Jonathan David Steels and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Septins are a family of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that function in eukaryotic cell division, where they form a high-order cortical structure at the site of division, which is essential in most eukaryotes. Expanded roles have evolved for septins in metazoans, where they also have essential functions in terminally-differentiated cell types, such as neurons and spermatozoa. Specific details of septin function are lacking in most roles described, due at least in part to the limited number of characterized binding partners. In this work, yeast two-hybrid screens and pull-downs from tissue homogenate were used to identify novel septin binding partners for subsequent characterization.The neuron-enriched septin, SEPT5, interacted directly with SUMO E3 ligases of the PIAS family. However, I was not able to demonstrate endogenous sumoylation of SEPT5 and SUMO isoforms did not concentrate with the septins during cytokinesis. SEPT5 also interacted with a novel septin, SEPT12, which I further characterized to be testis-specific and localized to the annulus in mature spermatozoa. Further, using SEPT12-specific reagents, I determined that the annulus forms via sequestration and subsequent segregation from the Golgi during spermiogenesis. SEPT9 pull-downs identified another novel testis-specific septin, SEPT14.Reagents specific to SEPT2 and SEPT9 also revealed a septin-rich structure in the seminiferous epithelium in close association with the ectoplasmic specialization. The specific role of septins in this structure awaits further characterization. Several other intriguing candidate septin-interaction partners were identified and the further study of their possible in vivo interaction with septins may provide substantial insight into the mechanisms of septin function in eukaryotes.
Probing Septin Function Through Interaction Screens
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Author : Jonathan D. Steels
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Probing Septin Function Through Interaction Screens written by Jonathan D. Steels and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Function And Regulation Of Septins During Mammalian Cell Division
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Author : Mathew Estey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Function And Regulation Of Septins During Mammalian Cell Division written by Mathew Estey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
The Role Of Septins
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Author : Shelby Josephine Dechow
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
The Role Of Septins written by Shelby Josephine Dechow and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Candida albicans categories.
Septins are conserved GTP-binding proteins important for cytokinesis, membrane compartmentalization, and exocytosis in eukaryotic cells. In the fungal pathogen, Candida albicans, septins are necessary for its morphogenesis and pathogenicity; they regulate the morphogensis of the fungus from rounded budding yeast to elongated hyphae - its filamentous cells. While septins are crucial for the pathogen's virulence, very little is understood about the mechanisms by which septim structures are controlled. By testing a library of eleven mutant strains and growing them exponentially at 30°C, I was able to integrate a plasmid DNA previously digested from E. coli into the mutant strains.This insertion created a modified mutant strain from which septin localization in filamentous cells and cell wall stress could be observed. Positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results suggested the insert was correctly integrated into at least two mutant strains of interest (SIZ1 and OCA6). Septin genes known for filamentation and/or linked to cell wall integrity were previously tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) in order to visually see septin localization in a microscope during these processes.
Regulation And Function Of Mammalian Septins During Cell Division Microform
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Author : Mark Christopher Surka
language : en
Publisher: Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada
Release Date : 2004
Regulation And Function Of Mammalian Septins During Cell Division Microform written by Mark Christopher Surka and has been published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
Septins are required for cell division in a number of organisms ranging from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to humans. In addition, these proteins appear to play a role in several other processes such as secretion, neuronal guidance, and neurite outgrowth. Given the breadth of their possible functions, septins must be carefully regulated. In this thesis I show that during cell division, septins may be regulated by phosphorylation. I show that one particular animal septin, Sept2, is phosphorylated in vitro by three kinases, Casein Kinase II, CAMP-dependent kinase, and Protein Kinase C. Moreover, phosphorylation by CAMP-dependent kinase results in disruption of Sept2's ability to bind phospholipids. In vivo, Sept2 is phosphorylated on a Casein Kinase II site, and the in vivo phosphorylation increases during cell division, suggesting that septin phosphorylation may play a role in regulating different aspects of mitosis. Septin phosphorylation may affect protein-protein interactions between septin molecules or other proteins. In order to better understand the significance of septin phosphorylation, septin-interacting proteins were identified. I show that Sept2 associates in one or more complexes with several other septins. One of these septins, Sept9, associates with both the actin and microtubule networks, while Sept2 predominately associates with the actin cytoskeleton. This difference in localization not only occurs in interphase cells, but also throughout cell division. Like other septins studied to date, I show that Sept9 is required for cell division in tissue culture cells. Besides having a role in cell division, Sept9 also plays a role in regulating both the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. Depletion of Sept9 through siRNA-transfection results in the loss of actin stress fibers and in an increase in acetylated tubulin levels. The loss of actin stress fibers results from a loss of ROCK signaling to myosin. In addition, I also found that Sept9 immunoprecipitates contain not only septin proteins, but also myosin heavy chain Ha, providing evidence to support a role for septins in regulating ROCK phosphorylation of myosin II. Finally I devise a model in which septin function during cell division is proposed along with a role for its regulation through changes in its phosphorylation status.
The Regulation Of Septins In Ciliogenesis And Septin Functions Beyond The Diffusion Barrier
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Author : Friederike Lehmann
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
The Regulation Of Septins In Ciliogenesis And Septin Functions Beyond The Diffusion Barrier written by Friederike Lehmann and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Septins categories.
Abstract: Primary cilia are fundamentally important organelles involved in organ development, signaling pathways and cancer. The septin family of small GTP-binding proteins have been linked to cilia and ciliopathies but their function in ciliogenesis remains elusive. A detailed understanding of the process of cilia formation is critical for therapeutic approaches in the future. This thesis demonstrated that cilia formation depends on the presence and dynamics of septins. Knockdown of septins and the inhibition of septin dynamics via forchlorfenuron (FCF) resulted in significantly decreased ciliogenesis. In addition, septins were visualized at the base of primary cilia or along the full length of the axoneme. In the first part, it was shown that septins are regulated by the Rho GTPases Cdc42 and TC10 via their downstream effectors of the Borg family. Here it was shown that septin filaments associate with Borg proteins in the cytoskeleton as well as within cilia. Dominant active and negative Cdc42 inhibit cilia formation indicating that the free cycling of Cdc42 between its active and inactive state is essential for Borg and septin regulation during ciliogenesis. Even though Cdc42 and TC10 are close homologues, their functions during ciliogenesis are not redundant. The expression of dominant active TC10 inhibited cilia formation, whereas dominant negative TC10 had no influence on ciliogenesis. Knockdown experiments demonstrated that Cdc42 is essential for ciliogenesis but TC10 is not. Also the double knockdown of Cdc42 and TC10 showed no additive effect on ciliogenesis. However, an influence of TC10 on ciliary length was detected. Moreover, two distinct cellular distributions at cilia were observed: active Cdc42 was predominantly located as a spot at the base whereas a TC10 accumulation surrounded the base of cilia, suggesting different functions during ciliogenesis. The second part demonstrated that septins are involved in exocytotic processes during ciliogenesis. Septins colocalize with the exocyst complex at the base of cilia. Rab10 vesicles were shown to accumulate at the base of cilia and to colocalize with septins. GST pull-down experiments revealed that septins interact with Rab10, independent of the nucleotide-binding state. Knockdown experiments revealed that Rab10 is important for cilia formation. Moreover, the inhibition of septin dynamics via FCF hindered the traffic of a cilia-targeted protein to the cilium. This thesis investigated how septins are regulated via Borg proteins and their upstream Rho GTPases. Moreover, it presents a novel prospective for the role of septins in the process of ciliogenesis, away from the propagated diffusion barrier theory