The Role Of Septins
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The Septins
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Author : Peter A. Hall
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2008-11-20
The Septins written by Peter A. Hall and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-11-20 with Science categories.
"The authors represent most of the key figures and the work and the book as a whole is an essential reference for the newcomer or specialist in this area and for any student of eukaryotic cell structure and function. This is an important and wonderful reference." –Microbiology Today, May 2009 Septins are an evolutionarily conserved group of GTP-binding and filament-forming proteins that were originally discovered in yeast. Once the preserve of a small band of yeast biologists, the field has grown rapidly in the past few years and now encompasses the whole of animal and fungal biology. Furthermore, septins are nowadays recognized to be involved in a variety of disease processes from neoplasia to neurodegenerative conditions. This book comprehensively examines the septin gene family and their proteins, providing those new to this research area with a detailed and wide ranging introduction to septin biology. It starts with a unique historical perspective on the development of the field, from its beginnings in the screen for cell division mutants by the Nobel Laureate Lee Hartwell. The evolution of the septin gene family then forms a basis for consideration of the biochemistry and functions of septins in yeast and other model organisms including C. elegans and Drosophila. A major part of the book considers the diversity of septins in mammals, their functions and properties as well as their involvement in normal and abnormal cellular states, followed by a speculative overview from the editors of the key questions in septin research and of where the field may be headed. In addition, several appendices summarise important information for those in, or just entering, the field, e.g. nomenclature and septin and septin-like sequences. This book is an essential source of reference material for researchers in septin biology, cell biology, genetics and medicine, in particular pathology, including areas of neurobiology, oncology, infectious disease and developmental biology.
Emerging Functions Of Septins
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Author : Manoj B. Menon
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-10-10
Emerging Functions Of Septins written by Manoj B. Menon and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-10 with Electronic book categories.
Together with the microfilament, microtubule and intermediate-filament networks, septins constitute an integral part of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Historically identified as proteins critical for septum formation in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, septin family GTPases are expressed and participate in the process of cytokinesis in most eukaryotes except higher plants. More than a dozen septin genes in mammals, together with various splice variants displaying tissue-specific expression patterns and flexible hetero-polymeric higher-order assembly achieve an unfathomable complexity superior to the other cytoskeletal components. Even though the initial studies in the septin field was restricted to their evolutionarily conserved role in cell division, strong expression of septins in the non-dividing cells of the brain generated great interest in understanding their role in neuronal morphogenesis and other aspects of cellular function. On one hand, recent developments indicate complex non-canonical roles for septins in diverse processes ranging from neuronal development to immune response and calcium signaling. On the other hand several lines of data including those from knockout models question the universal role for septins in animal cell cytokinesis. Mammalian hematopoietic cells seem to proliferate and efficiently undergo cytokinesis in the absence of pivotal septin proteins in a context-dependent manner. The lack of septin-dependence of hematopoiesis also opens the possibility of safely targeting septin-dependent cytokinesis for solid-tumor therapy. Thus the septin field is perfectly poised with novel roles for septins being discovered and the basic understanding on septin assembly and its canonical functions constantly revisited. The objective of this research topic was to provide an exclusive platform for discussing these rapid advances in the septin field. With a mixture of reviews and research articles encompassing diverse areas of septin research, ranging from the humble yeast model to human cancer, this ebook will be an interesting reading material for both experts as well as new comers to the septin field.
Molecular Analysis Of The Role Of Septins And Septin Dynamics During Cell Cleavage
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Author : Jeroen Dobbelaere
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Molecular Analysis Of The Role Of Septins And Septin Dynamics During Cell Cleavage written by Jeroen Dobbelaere and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
The Role Of Septins
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Author : Shelby Josephine Dechow
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
The Role Of Septins written by Shelby Josephine Dechow and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Candida albicans categories.
Septins are conserved GTP-binding proteins important for cytokinesis, membrane compartmentalization, and exocytosis in eukaryotic cells. In the fungal pathogen, Candida albicans, septins are necessary for its morphogenesis and pathogenicity; they regulate the morphogensis of the fungus from rounded budding yeast to elongated hyphae - its filamentous cells. While septins are crucial for the pathogen's virulence, very little is understood about the mechanisms by which septim structures are controlled. By testing a library of eleven mutant strains and growing them exponentially at 30°C, I was able to integrate a plasmid DNA previously digested from E. coli into the mutant strains.This insertion created a modified mutant strain from which septin localization in filamentous cells and cell wall stress could be observed. Positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results suggested the insert was correctly integrated into at least two mutant strains of interest (SIZ1 and OCA6). Septin genes known for filamentation and/or linked to cell wall integrity were previously tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) in order to visually see septin localization in a microscope during these processes.
The Role Of Septins In Intracellular Membrane Organization
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Author : Claudia Patricia Gras
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
The Role Of Septins In Intracellular Membrane Organization written by Claudia Patricia Gras and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Emerging Functions Of Septins Volume Ii
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Author : Manoj B. Menon
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-07-12
Emerging Functions Of Septins Volume Ii written by Manoj B. Menon and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-12 with Science categories.
The Role Of Septins During Invasion Of Host Cells By Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium
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Author : Duan (Aggie) Gao
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
The Role Of Septins During Invasion Of Host Cells By Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium written by Duan (Aggie) Gao and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) initiates invasion of host cells using a Type 3 Secretion System to translocate bacterial virulence proteins (known as effectors) across the host cell plasma membrane. The effectors manipulate host cell machinery to induce actin cytoskeleton rearrangements that lead bacteria internalization. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of host actin interactors in bacterial invasion, but how these factors are dynamically coordinated remains unclear. In my thesis, I demonstrate that septins, a conserved family of GTPases, are recruited to sites of bacterial invasion and are required for efficient bacterial internalization. Septins also promote recruitment of ROCKII kinase to invasion sites and its downstream activation of the actin nucleating protein FHOD1. In contrast, myosin II activation, known to be required for S. Typhimurium invasion, was not septin-dependent. Collectively, my data provide new insight into the mechanisms by which host actin regulatory proteins contribute to S. Typhimurium invasion.
The Septin Cdcrel 1 Microform Protein Associations Modifications And Effects On Exocytosis
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Author : Crestina L. Beites
language : en
Publisher: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
Release Date : 2004
The Septin Cdcrel 1 Microform Protein Associations Modifications And Effects On Exocytosis written by Crestina L. Beites and has been published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
SNARE proteins mediate the docking and/or fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane. However, it is not clearly understood how this process is regulated. In a search for potential SNARE regulators, we have identified a novel snare interacting protein, the septin CDCrel-1. Septins were first identified as filamentous proteins required for cytokinesis in yeast. However, in mammals little is known about their functions. I show here that cdcrel-1 is predominantly expressed in the brain where it associates with membranes via binding to syntaxin 1A. Wildtype CDCrel-1 transfected into HIT-T15 cells inhibits secretion while mutated forms of CDCrel-1 potentiate secretion, suggesting that cdcrel-1 may be regulating vesicle targeting and/or fusion events. I further map the CDCrel-1 domains important for syntaxin binding and investigate the ability of CDCrel-1 to bind to syntaxin when in various SNARE complexes. CDCrel-1 can bind syntaxin in a SNARE complex, but its binding is occluded by alpha-SNAP. This suggests that CDCrel-1 may act as a novel filamentous element, regulating the delivery and/or fusion of vesicles to the presynaptic membrane through its interaction with syntaxin and the 7S complex. The regulation of filaments may be via post-translational modifications. Indeed we have discovered a novel interaction between SUMO E3 PIAS proteins and CDCrel-1. The conjugation of SUMO to substrates is dependent upon an E1 and E2, whereas specificity is mediated by an E3. Although several SUMO-1 substrates have been characterized, conjugation solely by SUMO-2/3 has not been described. Here I describe the colocalization of CDCrel-1 with SUMO-2 and 3 but not SUMO-1. Transfection of SUMO-2/3 but not SUMO-1 causes a reorganization of CDCrel-1 distribution in CHO cells. Furthermore, CDCrel-1 sequesters the nuclear pool of SUMO-2/3 and of the E2 Ubc9 but not SUMO1 into the cytoplasm. Sumoylation of CDCrel-l is shown in vivo and putative SUMO modification sites on CDCrel-1 are investigated by deletion of lysine residues. These experiments strongly suggest that CDCrel-1 is sumoylated specifically by SUMO-2/3. Sumoylation of CDCrel-1 may therefore play a regulatory role in secretion and septin filament formation. Future work will be aimed at determining the functional significance of SUMO modified CDCrel-1.
On The Functions Of Mammalian Sept2 During Cytokinesis
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Author : Eunyoung Emily Joo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
On The Functions Of Mammalian Sept2 During Cytokinesis written by Eunyoung Emily Joo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Septins belong to a growing family of proteins that play important roles in different biological processes such as cytokinesis, neurite outgrowth, neuronal guidance and secretion in a wide range of different organisms including budding yeast and humans. Septins have been reported to be able to form homo and heterotypic filaments in vitro, but the relevance of septin filaments in the above-mentioned biological phenomena remains elusive. Furthermore, even though septins have been implicated in many processes that require precise regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, the link between septins and the actin cytoskeleton is still unclear. Therefore, this thesis aimed to examine the role of septins during cytokinesis and the link between septins and the actin cytoskeleton by a number of different experimental methods. First, I examined the importance of different regions of a mammalian septin, SEPT2, in polymerization; the GTPase and the putative coiled-coil domains were analyzed. Consistent with the reported findings, the GTPase domain of the SEPT2 was important in septin polymerization. However, in contrast to the previous findings, the putative coiled-coil domain of the SEPT2 was also important in the filamentous staining pattern of SEPT2 in cultured cells. Second, to understand the link between septins and the actin cytoskeleton, I performed binding assays and found that septins are linked to the actin cytoskeleton by associating with non-muscle myosin II (myosin II). Interestingly, association of septins and myosin II was necessary to regulate the activity of the myosin II as dissociation of the septins and myosin II decreased the level of di-phosphorylated myosin light chain, and subsequent disruption of contractile filaments and cytokinesis. Finally, in contrast to previously reported data, septins co-localized with the plasma membrane when the stability of the actin fibers were altered. In addition, the C-terminus of various Ras proteins co-localized with septins suggesting that under certain conditions septins demarcate lipid microdomains. From these findings, as well as other reported data, models are proposed to explain the roles of septins during cell division.
The Role Of Septin 5 In Exocytosis
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Author : Eric Zholumbetov
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
The Role Of Septin 5 In Exocytosis written by Eric Zholumbetov and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Septins are an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins that have been implicated in a multitude of cellular processes. Septin 5 is mainly expressed in the nervous system and it has been linked to regulated secretion through its binding to the SNARE protein syntaxin 1. However, the exact mechanism of septin 5 function in localized exocytosis remains unknown. Over-expression of septin 5 is known to lead to lower levels of secretion in HIT-T15 cells. Interestingly, in the current study, the knock-down of septin 5 also results in reduced levels of regulated secretion in PC12 cells, suggesting a more complex role of septin 5 that includes both negative and positive effects on exocytosis. Septin 5 knock-down data point to a possibility of septin 5 facilitating formation of a tether between the vesicles and their site of secretion.