Sex Differences In Inflammatory Diseases
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Sex Differences In Inflammatory Diseases
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Author : Antonietta Rossi
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-08-05
Sex Differences In Inflammatory Diseases written by Antonietta Rossi and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-05 with Medical categories.
Sex Differences In Cardiovascular Physiology And Pathophysiology
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Author : Babbette LaMarca, Ph.D.
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2019-06-15
Sex Differences In Cardiovascular Physiology And Pathophysiology written by Babbette LaMarca, Ph.D. and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-15 with Medical categories.
Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology is a comprehensive look into the often overlooked and underappreciated fundamental sex differences between men and women and how those differences affect the cardiovascular system. It covers cardiovascular function, anatomy, cell signaling and the development of pathology. With contributions from world-renowned research investigators, this up-to-date reference compiles critical knowledge on cardiovascular sex differences, providing researchers and clinicians with a better understanding of the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in both men and women. Identifies the fundamental sex differences in the physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system Describes cell signaling pathways involved in sex-associated cardiovascular function and diseases Puts the sex differences in cardiovascular diseases in the forefront to improve cardiovascular prognoses
Sex Hormones And Gender Differences In Immune Responses
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Author : Elena Ortona
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-07-31
Sex Hormones And Gender Differences In Immune Responses written by Elena Ortona and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-31 with categories.
Increasingly clear evidence points to the need to consider gender differences in human health. In this collection of papers, recent research that supports gender differences in the immune system are discussed. We have loosely divided the eBook into two sections. The first section focuses on the role of steroid hormone interactions within the immune system, and their impact on autoimmune diseases, infection and allergy. This section contains comprehensive reviews and an opinion article about this topic. In the following section, original research articles revolve around the effects of the sex hormones on immune response. Two original manuscripts deal with the role of estrogen receptors in autoimmune diseases. Other two research articles discuss the role of the immune system during pregnancy. Finally, differences between males and females in infections are the topic of further two research articles. We are confident this collection of papers will be important for exploring and developing a greater understanding of gender differences in human health and disease.
Sex And Gender Differences In Infection And Treatments For Infectious Diseases
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Author : Sabra L. Klein
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-08-08
Sex And Gender Differences In Infection And Treatments For Infectious Diseases written by Sabra L. Klein and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-08 with Medical categories.
This book provides an overview of the underlying sex-based and hormone-based differences in immunity, wound healing and pharmacokinetics, while also exploring how pregnancy affects immunity. The second part of the book shows, for the first time in a single volume, the growing number of infectious diseases for which sex and gender differences are noted, identifies common as well as distinct mechanisms mediating these differences and illustrates how responses to treatments might differ between the sexes. The awareness that males and females differ in their response to specific pathogens as well as to treatments for infectious diseases may yield sex-specific personalized treatments. This book will be of interest to basic scientists and clinicians in the fields of microbiology, immunology and pharmacology. Individuals working in academia, government and industry will also benefit from the information presented.
Sex Bias In Autoimmunity From Animal Models To Clinical Research And Applications
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Author : Coziana Ciurtin
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-01-17
Sex Bias In Autoimmunity From Animal Models To Clinical Research And Applications written by Coziana Ciurtin and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-17 with Medical categories.
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by an abnormal and self-directed immune response leading to damage and dysfunction of multiple organs and tissues. Most autoimmune diseases are recognized as affecting disproportionately more women than men, suggesting a crucial role of sex hormones in modulating immune responses, with estrogens being postulated as enhancing autoimmunity and androgens playing a protective role. It is also widely acknowledged that there is an overwhelming male bias in non-human (animal) studies of autoimmune diseases, while studies of both sexes in human research frequently fail to analyze results by sex. Underrepresentation of females in animal models of autoimmune disease is often justified by their intrinsic variability during the reproductive period, compromising the understanding of impact of the female sex chromosome and hormones on immune system functions leading to the high prevalence of autoimmune conditions. This Research Topic will highlight the most recent advances in understanding the possible mechanisms for sex-specific differences in autoimmunity, with a specific focus on pre-clinical animal and human models of autoimmune inflammation, as well as on the most common sex specific differences in autoimmune diseases. The topic will emphasize advances in research exploring sex determinants in autoimmune rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, Sjӧgren's syndrome and further diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune hepatitis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, asthma and more. The present Research Topic will include both full length and short research communications, as well as perspective and review articles addressing various aspects of sex biased differences in pathogenesis, age at disease onset, clinical manifestations, disease course, treatment response, associated co-morbidities and overall survival across different autoimmune diseases.
Sex Differences In Physiology
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Author : Gretchen Neigh
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2016-05-10
Sex Differences In Physiology written by Gretchen Neigh and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-10 with Medical categories.
Sex Differences in Physiology is an all-encompassing reference that details basic science research into sex differences in all physiological fields. It includes scientific discoveries concerning sex differences in cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal physiology. In addition, coverage of the development, endocrinology, neurophysiology, immunity, and metabolism is included, making this important reference a resource that will meet the needs of investigators interested in incorporating sex differences into their research programs, while also providing clinicians with the basis for providing the best sex-based medical treatment options available. Provides a sweeping, organ-by-organ review of currently observed sex differences in animal models and human disease Explains how sex differences influence physiology and disease Provides the critical knowledge on sex differences for better understanding of prevention and treatment of diseases
Exploring The Biological Contributions To Human Health
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2001-07-02
Exploring The Biological Contributions To Human Health written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-07-02 with Medical categories.
It's obvious why only men develop prostate cancer and why only women get ovarian cancer. But it is not obvious why women are more likely to recover language ability after a stroke than men or why women are more apt to develop autoimmune diseases such as lupus. Sex differences in health throughout the lifespan have been documented. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health begins to snap the pieces of the puzzle into place so that this knowledge can be used to improve health for both sexes. From behavior and cognition to metabolism and response to chemicals and infectious organisms, this book explores the health impact of sex (being male or female, according to reproductive organs and chromosomes) and gender (one's sense of self as male or female in society). Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health discusses basic biochemical differences in the cells of males and females and health variability between the sexes from conception throughout life. The book identifies key research needs and opportunities and addresses barriers to research. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health will be important to health policy makers, basic, applied, and clinical researchers, educators, providers, and journalists-while being very accessible to interested lay readers.
Sex And Gender Aspects In Clinical Medicine
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Author : Sabine Oertelt-Prigione
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-11-15
Sex And Gender Aspects In Clinical Medicine written by Sabine Oertelt-Prigione and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-15 with Medical categories.
This book is a concise, easy to read professional text with a focus on practical aspects. All chapters include tables on sex/gender differences in symptoms and management and a series of suggestions to the novice in the field. Chapters are specialty-specific. The focus is not on women’s health, but the presentation of differences in clinical symptoms, management and outcomes in women and men. Gender Medicine strives to employ the knowledge about these differences to improve diagnosis, better understand pathogenesis and advance patient-oriented therapy.
Sex Differences In Atherosclerosis And Exercise Effects
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Author : Liam Ward
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2019-04-17
Sex Differences In Atherosclerosis And Exercise Effects written by Liam Ward and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-17 with categories.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally, with atherosclerosis being the main cause of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the blood vessel wall, which over time will cause thickening and hardening of the vessel wall. Atherosclerosis can result in catastrophic vascular events, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. There are distinct sex differences in CVD mortality at different ages, before menopause women have a lower mortality of CVD in comparison to men, which equalises after menopause. In addition to sex differences in the incidence of CVD, there are also distinct sex differences in the phenotype of atherosclerotic plaques, with men generally developing more severe and vulnerable plaques that are at risk of rupture. This thesis aimed to investigate the sex differences in atherosclerosis, in particular how the proteome and pathophysiology differs. In addition, we sought to investigate the potential benefit of an exercise programme, in reducing CVD risks, using a randomised controlled trial including postmenopausal women. Sex differences in atherosclerosis were first investigated via proteomic analysis of human carotid endarterectomy samples. Initially, five intraplaque biopsies were taken from distinct atheroma regions, including; internal control, fatty streak, plaque shoulder, plaque centre, and fibrous cap. Protein extracts from these biopsies were subjected to analysis by mass spectrometry. The novel sampling method was successful in reducing the effect of plaque heterogeneity, a limitation in previous proteomic studies of atherosclerosis, and a number of previously unreported proteins were identified in human carotid atheroma. In addition to this, with the inclusion of multivariate statistical modelling, it was found that 43 proteins significantly discriminated the carotid atheroma between men and women. These proteins were grouped by function, and it was found that atheroma from men was associated with the increased abundance of inflammatory response proteins, including phospholipase-A2 membrane associated and lysozyme C, and atheroma from women was associated with increased abundance of blood coagulation, complement activation, and transport proteins, notably including; antithrombin-III, coagulation factor XII, and afamin. In addition, differences were also ii observed in the abundance of iron metabolism related proteins. These sex differences were further expanded upon from a pathophysiological perspective. Immunohistochemistry stainings of ferritin and transferrin receptor 1 were found significantly increased in the atheroma from men. Moreover, the levels of plasma haemoglobin were also significantly increased in men and were associated with the development of more vulnerable and severe plaque types. The more vulnerable and severe plaque types were also associated with significantly greater macrophage infiltration. In summary, these results are indicative of men developing atheroma with greater inflammation that are more vulnerable, due to increased iron and inflammatory proteins and macrophage infiltration, whereas atheroma from women develop with less inflammation and a more stable phenotype. The randomised controlled clinical trial aimed at investigating the effects of resistance training (RT), over a 15-week period, in postmenopausal women. Plasma samples were obtained at week-0 and week-15 of the study period, and analyses were performed primarily using a series of immunoassays. Results showed that women participating in RT, with good compliance, were associated with significant decreases in plasma levels of ferritin, lipids, and inflammatory adipokines. These results suggest that the use of regular RT may be a beneficial intervention in reducing the levels of body iron, lipids, and inflammation, all of which are risk factors for the development of CVD. However, validation studies are required in a larger cohort of postmenopausal women, in addition to the inclusion or complementary studies in middle-aged men. In summary, the works included in this thesis further expand on the current knowledge of sex differences in atherosclerosis, and also provides information on the potential of an exercise intervention to beneficially reduces the effects of known risk factors of CVD.
Sex Based Differences In Lung Physiology
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Author : Patricia Silveyra
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2022-03-19
Sex Based Differences In Lung Physiology written by Patricia Silveyra and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-19 with Medical categories.
This book provides an overview of the latest experimental work on sex-based differences in lung function and inflammation. Readers will learn how these differences relate to individual predispositions for the development of lung disease in men and women, and in different stages of their reproductive lives. Further, the book focuses on diseases that predominantly affect women or men, with an emphasis on the physiological mechanisms underlying their pathobiology. In turn, these findings are complemented by chapters on recent studies, which investigate how circulating sex hormone levels impact the lung’s innate immune response to environmental agents and air pollution. The pathogeneses of asthma and viral respiratory infection are also major focus areas. As an outlook, the book also discusses current and future research directions aimed at developing sex-specific therapies for lung disease. To examine these anatomical and physiological differences in the male and female respiratory systems, the authors employ a broad range of methods from molecular and clinical biology. Accordingly, the book will be a fascinating read for physiologists and clinicians alike.