Shifting Frontiers Of Theobroma Cacao
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Shifting Frontiers Of Theobroma Cacao
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Author : Samuel Ohikhena Agele
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2024-01-24
Shifting Frontiers Of Theobroma Cacao written by Samuel Ohikhena Agele and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-01-24 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is a sacred tree and noble resource from South America. The Mayans and other early civilizations in Central America used cacao beans as tokens, which were subsequently transported to Europe to nurture monarchies and elites. Based on the discovery of cacao’s commercial potential and attributes, new cocoa plantations were established in other parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean. Thus, cocoa has become an important cash crop in Africa, Central and South America, and Asia, where it is a major foreign exchange earner, industrial raw material, support for livelihood, and ecosystem services provision. Based on its global importance, there has been an increased need for the expansion of cultivation to meet the rising demand for cacao beans. Global environmental change, including climate change, variability, and weather extremes, has established new environmental boundaries with implications for area suitability for cocoa production and sustainability. Efforts to unlock the potentials of the established environmental boundaries may be built on the development and adoption of agrotechnological practices and integration of climate resilience for harnessing opportunities and potentials of the new environment, and thus, extension of the frontiers of cacao cultivation to meet the increasing global demand for cocoa beans. This book, “Shifting Frontiers of Theobroma Cacao - Opportunities and Challenges for Production” presents a comprehensive perspective of the interactions of changing environmental conditions, cocoa production, and sustainability. The book illuminates the challenges climate change presents for cocoa production and sustainability. It provides insights into the need for cocoa actors within the cocoa sector to strengthen climate mitigation and resilience building and to come to grips with the realities, magnitude, and inevitable persistence of climate challenges to cocoa production and sustainability.
Theobroma Cacao
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Author : Peter Aikpokpodion
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2019-11-06
Theobroma Cacao written by Peter Aikpokpodion and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-06 with Nature categories.
Almost five million tonnes of cocoa produced annually drives the US$100 billion global chocolate industry. To sustain the industry, cacao planting materials (seeds and clones) have been successfully moved from the Amazon forests in America to the humid tropical forests of Africa, Asia, and Australia. In more than 150 years of commercial cacao cultivation, smallholder farmers that supply the bulk of cocoa beans still face several production constraints that impede their efficiency. Scientific technologies have therefore been deployed to remove these constraints by ensuring a continuous supply of good quality cocoa beans to meet growing global demand. This book provides insight into these scientific advances to address these current and emerging problems and to assure the sustainability of the global cocoa industry.
Encyclopedia Of Geography
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Author : Barney Warf
language : en
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Release Date : 2010-09-21
Encyclopedia Of Geography written by Barney Warf and has been published by SAGE Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09-21 with Science categories.
Simply stated, geography studies the locations of things and the explanations that underlie spatial distributions. Profound forces at work throughout the world have made geographical knowledge increasingly important for understanding numerous human dilemmas and our capacities to address them. With more than 1,200 entries, the Encyclopedia of Geography reflects how the growth of geography has propelled a demand for intermediaries between the abstract language of academia and the ordinary language of everyday life. The six volumes of this encyclopedia encapsulate a diverse array of topics to offer a comprehensive and useful summary of the state of the discipline in the early 21st century. Key Features Gives a concise historical sketch of geography's long, rich, and fascinating history, including human geography, physical geography, and GIS Provides succinct summaries of trends such as globalization, environmental destruction, new geospatial technologies, and cyberspace Decomposes geography into the six broad subject areas: physical geography; human geography; nature and society; methods, models, and GIS; history of geography; and geographer biographies, geographic organizations, and important social movements Provides hundreds of color illustrations and images that lend depth and realism to the text Includes a special map section Key Themes Physical Geography Human Geography Nature and Society Methods, Models, and GIS People, Organizations, and Movements History of Geography This encyclopedia strategically reflects the enormous diversity of the discipline, the multiple meanings of space itself, and the diverse views of geographers. It brings together the diversity of geographical knowledge, making it an invaluable resource for any academic library.
Cocoa Or Theobroma Cacao
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Author : Herbert Wright
language : en
Publisher: Daya Books
Release Date : 1999
Cocoa Or Theobroma Cacao written by Herbert Wright and has been published by Daya Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Cacao categories.
Essentially A Tropical Cultivation And Comparatively An Old One Cacao Is A Forest Plant, Capable Of Being Cultivated In Association With Other Tree Forms, Especially Those Belonging To The Leguminosae And Numerous Rubber Producing Types. Of Considerable Reference Value To Researchers, Scientists As Well As Growers, This Compendium Of Information On Cacao Spreads Itself From The History And Cultivation Practices To The Control And Management Of The Serious Diseases Of The Cacao Plants. Enriched With Tables Of Scientific Data And A Number Of Illustrations, The Text Describes The Botanical Characteristics Of Cacao Plants, Physical And Chemical Characteristics Of Cacao Soils, Chemistry Of The Cacao Tree, And The Principles And Practices Involved In Plantation, Harvesting, Fermenting Washing And Polishing Of Cacao. Available Information On Cacao Manuring And Yields And Uses Of Cacao Has Also Been Compiled. Contents: Chapter 1: Notes On The History Of Cacao, Chapter 2: Climatic Conditions In Some Cacao-Growing Countries, Chapter 3: The Botanical Characters Of Cacao Plants, Chapter 4: Varieties Of Cacao And Seed Selection, Chapter 5: The Periodicities Of Parts Of The Cacao Tree, Chapter 6: The Cultivation Of Cacao Trees, Chapter 7: Cultivation Of Cacao With Other Products, Chapter 8: General Operations On A Cacao Plantation, Chapter 9: The Harvesting And Fermenting Of Cacao, Chapter 10: Washing, Curing And Polishing Of Cacao, Chapter 11: Physical And Chemical Characters Of Cacao Soils, Chapter 12: The Chemistry Of The Cacao Tree, Chapter 13: Cacao Manures And Manuring, Chapter 14: Yields Of Cacao, Chapter 15: Diseases Of Cacao Plants, Chapter 16: Exports, Imports And Uses Of Cacao.
Theobroma Cacao Or Cocoa
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Author : Herbert Wright
language : en
Publisher: Legare Street Press
Release Date : 2022-10-27
Theobroma Cacao Or Cocoa written by Herbert Wright and has been published by Legare Street Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-27 with categories.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Cocoa
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Author : George Alan Roskruge Wood
language : en
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
Release Date : 1985
Cocoa written by George Alan Roskruge Wood and has been published by Wiley-Blackwell this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This text covers all aspects of cocoa production. Higher prices for cocoa have led to much new knowledge about the plant and changes to its methods of production. These are discussed, along with new problems that have occurred and the fresh research projects that have been needed.
Theobroma Cacao
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Author : Miki Løvstrøm
language : en
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Release Date : 2020
Theobroma Cacao written by Miki Løvstrøm and has been published by Nova Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Science categories.
"The opening study in this compilation compares variations of the fatty acid profile from cocoa butter as a function of the harvest periods, extraction methods and roasting treatments. The cocoa butter extraction is performed using Soxhlet solvent extraction according to AOAC, 2000 and mechanical pressing following the procedure reported by Bernardini, 1981. Following this, the aroma compounds from fermented, dried and roasted beans from fine-flavored Criollo cocoas of Venezuela are studied. These compounds are associated with nice odoriferous notes. The authors also examine Cuban cacao, the closest relation to the original introduction in Cuba which is endangered by its progressive replacement by commercial clones. Additionally, the authors study some structural and physicochemical changes of cocoa beans fermented in plastic baskets covered with Musaceae leaves for five days in Barlovento, Miranda state, Venezuela. The origin of fine-flavored cocoa is discussed based on its requirements for optimal production of highly aromatic fruits as a function of growth requirements such as humid terrain, warm climate, recurrent rain and characteristic fauna and flora. The closing study focuses on control methods for cacao frosty pod rot, an aggressive disease responsible for great losses and the deterioration of raw material in Colombia for over two centuries"--
Frontiers Of Sulfur Metabolism In Plant Growth Development And Stress Response
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Author : Stanislav Kopriva
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-09-07
Frontiers Of Sulfur Metabolism In Plant Growth Development And Stress Response written by Stanislav Kopriva and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-07 with Botany categories.
Growing plants have a constitutive demand for sulfur to synthesize proteins, sulfolipids and other essential sulfur containing molecules for growth and development. The uptake and subsequent distribution of sulfate is regulated in response to demand and environmental cues. The importance of sulfate for plant growth and vigor and hence crop yield and nutritional quality for human and animal diets has been clearly recognized. The acquisition of sulfur by plants, however, has become an increasingly important concern for the agriculture due to the decreasing S-emissions from industrial sources and the consequent limitation of inputs from atmospheric deposition. Molecular characterization involving transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics in Arabidopsis thaliana as well as in major crops revealed that sulfate uptake, distribution and assimilation are finely regulated depending on sulfur status and demand, and that these regulatory networks are integrated with cell cycle, photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, hormonal signaling, uptake and assimilation of other nutrients, etc., to enable plant growth, development, and reproduction even under different biotic and abiotic stresses. This knowledge can be used to underpin approaches to enhance plant growth and nutritional quality of major food crops around the world. Although considerable progress has been made regarding the central role of sulfur metabolism in plant growth, development and stress response, several frontiers need to be explored to reveal the mechanisms of the cross-talk between sulfur metabolism and these processes. In this research topic the knowledge on plant sulfur metabolism is reviewed and updated. Focus is put not only on molecular mechanisms of control of sulfur metabolism but also on its integration with other vital metabolic events. The topic covers 4 major areas of sulfur research: sulfate uptake, assimilation and metabolism, regulation, and role in stress response. We hope that the topic will promote interaction between researchers with different expertise and thus contribute to a more integrative approach to study sulfur metabolism in plants.
Cacao
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Author : John Hinchley Hart
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1900
Cacao written by John Hinchley Hart and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1900 with Cacao categories.
The Future Of Shifting Cultivation In Africa And The Task Of Universities
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Author : Arthur Hugh Bunting
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 1984
The Future Of Shifting Cultivation In Africa And The Task Of Universities written by Arthur Hugh Bunting and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Sponsored by FAO and the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria