Single Instruction Multiple Data Execution

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Single Instruction Multiple Data Execution

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Author : Christopher J. Hughes
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-31

Single Instruction Multiple Data Execution written by Christopher J. Hughes and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Having hit power limitations to even more aggressive out-of-order execution in processor cores, many architects in the past decade have turned to single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD) execution to increase single-threaded performance. SIMD execution, or having a single instruction drive execution of an identical operation on multiple data items, was already well established as a technique to efficiently exploit data parallelism. Furthermore, support for it was already included in many commodity processors. However, in the past decade, SIMD execution has seen a dramatic increase in the set of applications using it, which has motivated big improvements in hardware support in mainstream microprocessors. The easiest way to provide a big performance boost to SIMD hardware is to make it wider—i.e., increase the number of data items hardware operates on simultaneously. Indeed, microprocessor vendors have done this. However, as we exploit more data parallelism in applications, certain challenges can negatively impact performance. In particular, conditional execution, non-contiguous memory accesses, and the presence of some dependences across data items are key roadblocks to achieving peak performance with SIMD execution. This book first describes data parallelism, and why it is so common in popular applications. We then describe SIMD execution, and explain where its performance and energy benefits come from compared to other techniques to exploit parallelism. Finally, we describe SIMD hardware support in current commodity microprocessors. This includes both expected design tradeoffs, as well as unexpected ones, as we work to overcome challenges encountered when trying to map real software to SIMD execution.

Single Instruction Multiple Data Execution

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Author : Christopher J. Hughes
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Release Date : 2015-05-01

Single Instruction Multiple Data Execution written by Christopher J. Hughes and has been published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-01 with Computers categories.

Having hit power limitations to even more aggressive out-of-order execution in processor cores, many architects in the past decade have turned to single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD) execution to increase single-threaded performance. SIMD execution, or having a single instruction drive execution of an identical operation on multiple data items, was already well established as a technique to efficiently exploit data parallelism. Furthermore, support for it was already included in many commodity processors. However, in the past decade, SIMD execution has seen a dramatic increase in the set of applications using it, which has motivated big improvements in hardware support in mainstream microprocessors. The easiest way to provide a big performance boost to SIMD hardware is to make it wider— i.e., increase the number of data items hardware operates on simultaneously. Indeed, microprocessor vendors have done this. However, as we exploit more data parallelism in applications, certain challenges can negatively impact performance. In particular, conditional execution, noncontiguous memory accesses, and the presence of some dependences across data items are key roadblocks to achieving peak performance with SIMD execution. This book first describes data parallelism, and why it is so common in popular applications. We then describe SIMD execution, and explain where its performance and energy benefits come from compared to other techniques to exploit parallelism. Finally, we describe SIMD hardware support in current commodity microprocessors. This includes both expected design tradeoffs, as well as unexpected ones, as we work to overcome challenges encountered when trying to map real software to SIMD execution.

Big Data

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Author : Hassan A. Karimi
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2024-08-01

Big Data written by Hassan A. Karimi and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-08-01 with Computers categories.

Over the past decade, since the publication of the first edition, there have been new advances in solving complex geoinformatics problems. Advancements in computing power, computing platforms, mathematical models, statistical models, geospatial algorithms, and the availability of data in various domains, among other things, have aided in the automation of complex real-world tasks and decision-making that inherently rely on geospatial data. Of the many fields benefiting from these latest advancements, machine learning, particularly deep learning, virtual reality, and game engine, have increasingly gained the interest of many researchers and practitioners. This revised new edition provides up-to-date knowledge on the latest developments related to these three fields for solving geoinformatics problems. FEATURES Contains a comprehensive collection of advanced big data approaches, techniques, and technologies for geoinformatics problems Provides seven new chapters on deep learning models, algorithms, and structures, including a new chapter on how spatial metaverse is used to build immersive realistic virtual experiences Presents information on how deep learning is used for solving real-world geoinformatics problems This book is intended for researchers, academics, professionals, and students in such fields as computing and information, civil and environmental engineering, environmental sciences, geosciences, geology, geography, and urban studies.

Official Gazette Of The United States Patent And Trademark Office

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998

Official Gazette Of The United States Patent And Trademark Office written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Patents categories.

Professional Cuda C Programming

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Author : John Cheng
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2014-09-09

Professional Cuda C Programming written by John Cheng and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-09 with Computers categories.

Break into the powerful world of parallel GPU programming with this down-to-earth, practical guide Designed for professionals across multiple industrial sectors, Professional CUDA C Programming presents CUDA -- a parallel computing platform and programming model designed to ease the development of GPU programming -- fundamentals in an easy-to-follow format, and teaches readers how to think in parallel and implement parallel algorithms on GPUs. Each chapter covers a specific topic, and includes workable examples that demonstrate the development process, allowing readers to explore both the "hard" and "soft" aspects of GPU programming. Computing architectures are experiencing a fundamental shift toward scalable parallel computing motivated by application requirements in industry and science. This book demonstrates the challenges of efficiently utilizing compute resources at peak performance, presents modern techniques for tackling these challenges, while increasing accessibility for professionals who are not necessarily parallel programming experts. The CUDA programming model and tools empower developers to write high-performance applications on a scalable, parallel computing platform: the GPU. However, CUDA itself can be difficult to learn without extensive programming experience. Recognized CUDA authorities John Cheng, Max Grossman, and Ty McKercher guide readers through essential GPU programming skills and best practices in Professional CUDA C Programming, including: CUDA Programming Model GPU Execution Model GPU Memory model Streams, Event and Concurrency Multi-GPU Programming CUDA Domain-Specific Libraries Profiling and Performance Tuning The book makes complex CUDA concepts easy to understand for anyone with knowledge of basic software development with exercises designed to be both readable and high-performance. For the professional seeking entrance to parallel computing and the high-performance computing community, Professional CUDA C Programming is an invaluable resource, with the most current information available on the market.

Advanced Software Technologies For Post Peta Scale Computing

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Author : Mitsuhisa Sato
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-12-06

Advanced Software Technologies For Post Peta Scale Computing written by Mitsuhisa Sato and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-06 with Computers categories.

Covering research topics from system software such as programming languages, compilers, runtime systems, operating systems, communication middleware, and large-scale file systems, as well as application development support software and big-data processing software, this book presents cutting-edge software technologies for extreme scale computing. The findings presented here will provide researchers in these fields with important insights for the further development of exascale computing technologies. This book grew out of the post-peta CREST research project funded by the Japan Science and Technology Agency, the goal of which was to establish software technologies for exploring extreme performance computing beyond petascale computing. The respective were contributed by 14 research teams involved in the project. In addition to advanced technologies for large-scale numerical computation, the project addressed the technologies required for big data and graph processing, the complexity of memory hierarchy, and the power problem. Mapping the direction of future high-performance computing was also a central priority.

High Performance Parallel Runtimes

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Author : Michael Klemm
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2021-02-08

High Performance Parallel Runtimes written by Michael Klemm and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-08 with Computers categories.

This book focuses on the theoretical and practical aspects of parallel programming systems for today's high performance multi-core processors and discusses the efficient implementation of key algorithms needed to implement parallel programming models. Such implementations need to take into account the specific architectural aspects of the underlying computer architecture and the features offered by the execution environment. This book briefly reviews key concepts of modern computer architecture, focusing particularly on the performance of parallel codes as well as the relevant concepts in parallel programming models. The book then turns towards the fundamental algorithms used to implement the parallel programming models and discusses how they interact with modern processors. While the book will focus on the general mechanisms, we will mostly use the Intel processor architecture to exemplify the implementation concepts discussed but will present other processor architectures where appropriate. All algorithms and concepts are discussed in an easy to understand way with many illustrative examples, figures, and source code fragments. The target audience of the book is students in Computer Science who are studying compiler construction, parallel programming, or programming systems. Software developers who have an interest in the core algorithms used to implement a parallel runtime system, or who need to educate themselves for projects that require the algorithms and concepts discussed in this book will also benefit from reading it. You can find the source code for this book at https://github.com/parallel-runtimes/lomp.

Software Development For Embedded Multi Core Systems

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Author : Max Domeika
language : en
Publisher: Newnes
Release Date : 2011-04-08

Software Development For Embedded Multi Core Systems written by Max Domeika and has been published by Newnes this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.

The multicore revolution has reached the deployment stage in embedded systems ranging from small ultramobile devices to large telecommunication servers. The transition from single to multicore processors, motivated by the need to increase performance while conserving power, has placed great responsibility on the shoulders of software engineers. In this new embedded multicore era, the toughest task is the development of code to support more sophisticated systems. This book provides embedded engineers with solid grounding in the skills required to develop software targeting multicore processors. Within the text, the author undertakes an in-depth exploration of performance analysis, and a close-up look at the tools of the trade. Both general multicore design principles and processor-specific optimization techniques are revealed. Detailed coverage of critical issues for multicore employment within embedded systems is provided, including the Threading Development Cycle, with discussions of analysis, design, development, debugging, and performance tuning of threaded applications. Software development techniques engendering optimal mobility and energy efficiency are highlighted through multiple case studies, which provide practical “how-to advice on implementing the latest multicore processors. Finally, future trends are discussed, including terascale, speculative multithreading, transactional memory, interconnects, and the software-specific implications of these looming architectural developments. This is the only book to explain software optimization for embedded multi-core systems Helpful tips, tricks and design secrets from an Intel programming expert, with detailed examples using the popular X86 architecture Covers hot topics, including ultramobile devices, low-power designs, Pthreads vs. OpenMP, and heterogeneous cores

Automatic Parallelization

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Author : Samuel Midkiff
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-01

Automatic Parallelization written by Samuel Midkiff and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Compiling for parallelism is a longstanding topic of compiler research. This book describes the fundamental principles of compiling "regular" numerical programs for parallelism. We begin with an explanation of analyses that allow a compiler to understand the interaction of data reads and writes in different statements and loop iterations during program execution. These analyses include dependence analysis, use-def analysis and pointer analysis. Next, we describe how the results of these analyses are used to enable transformations that make loops more amenable to parallelization, and discuss transformations that expose parallelism to target shared memory multicore and vector processors. We then discuss some problems that arise when parallelizing programs for execution on distributed memory machines. Finally, we conclude with an overview of solving Diophantine equations and suggestions for further readings in the topics of this book to enable the interested reader to delve deeper into the field. Table of Contents: Introduction and overview / Dependence analysis, dependence graphs and alias analysis / Program parallelization / Transformations to modify and eliminate dependences / Transformation of iterative and recursive constructs / Compiling for distributed memory machines / Solving Diophantine equations / A guide to further reading

Microprocessor 8086 Architecture Programming And Interfacing

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Author : Mathur Sunil
language : en
Publisher: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
Release Date : 2010-12

Microprocessor 8086 Architecture Programming And Interfacing written by Mathur Sunil and has been published by PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12 with Computers categories.

Primarily intended for the undergraduate students of electronics and communication engineering, computer science and engineering, and information technology, this book skilfully integrates both the hardware and software aspects of the 8086 microprocessor. It offers the students an up-to-date account of the state-of-the-art microprocessors and therefore can be regarded as an incomparable source of information on recently developed microprocessor chips. The book covers the advanced microprocessor architecture of the Intel microprocessor family, from 8086 to Pentium 4. The text is organized in four parts. Part I (Chapters 1-7) includes a detailed description of the architecture, organization, instruction set, and assembler directives of microprocessor 8086. Part II (Chapters 8-11) discusses the math coprocessor, multiprocessing and multiprogramming, the different types of data transfer schemes, and memory concepts. Part III (Chapters 12-15) covers programmable interfacing chips with the help of extensive interfacing examples. Part IV (Chapters 16-18) deals with advanced processors--from 80186 to Pentium 4. This well-organized and student-friendly text should prone to be an invaluable asset to the students as well as the practising engineers. KEY FEATURES: Gives elaborate programming examples to develop the analytical ability of students. Provides solved examples covering different types of typical interfacing problems to develop the practical skills of students. Furnishes chapter-end exercises to reinforce the understanding of the subject.