Singularity Theory And Gravitational Lensing
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Singularity Theory And Gravitational Lensing
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Author : Arlie O. Petters
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Singularity Theory And Gravitational Lensing written by Arlie O. Petters and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Astronomers do not do experiments. They observe the universe primarily through detect ing light emitted by stars and other luminous objects. Since this light must travel through space to reach us, variations in the metric of space affects the appearance of astronomical objects. These variations lead to dramatic changes in the shape and brightness of astronom ical sources. Because these variations are sensitive to mass rather than to light, observations of gravitational lensing enable astronomers to probe the mass distribution of the universe. With gravitational lensing observations, astronomers are addressing many of the most important scientific questions in astronomy and physics: • What is the universe made of? Most of the energy and mass in the universe is not in the form of luminous objects. Stars account for less than 1 % of the energy density of the universe. Perhaps, as much as another 3% of the energy density of the universe is in the form of warm gas that fills the space between galaxies. The remaining 96% of the energy density is in some yet unidentified form. Roughly one third of this energy density of the universe is "dark matter," matter that clusters gravitationally but does not emit light. Most cosmologists suspect that this dark matter is composed of weakly interacting subatomic particles. However, most of the energy density of the universe appears to be in an even stranger form: energy associated with empty space.
Principles Of Gravitational Lensing
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Author : Arthur B. Congdon
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-12-01
Principles Of Gravitational Lensing written by Arthur B. Congdon and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-01 with Science categories.
This textbook provides an introduction to gravitational lensing, which has become an invaluable tool in modern astrophysics, with applications that range from finding planets orbiting distant stars to understanding how dark matter and dark energy conspired to form the cosmic structures we see today. Principles of Gravitational Lensing begins with Einstein’s prediction that gravity bends light, and shows how that fundamental idea has spawned a rich field of study over the past century. The gravitational deflection of light was first detected by Eddington during a solar eclipse in May 1919, launching Einstein and his theory of relativity into public view. Yet the possibility of using the phenomenon to unlock mysteries of the Universe seemed remote, given the technology of the day. Theoretical work was carried out sporadically over the next six decades, but only with the discovery of the system Q0957+561 in 1979 was gravitational lensing transformed from a curiosity of general relativity into a practical observational tool. This book describes how the three subfields known as strong lensing, weak lensing, and microlensing have grown independently but become increasingly intertwined. Drawing on their research experience, Congdon and Keeton begin with the basic physics of light bending, then present the mathematical foundations of gravitational lensing, building up to current research topics in a clear and systematic way. Relevant background material from physics and mathematics is included, making the book self-contained. The derivations and explanations are supplemented by exercises designed to help students master the theoretical concepts as well as the methods that drive current research. An extensive bibliography guides those wishing to delve more deeply into particular areas of interest. Principles of Gravitational Lensing is ideal for advanced students and seasoned researchers looking to penetrate this thriving subject and even contribute research of their own.
Gravitational Lensing Strong Weak And Micro
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Author : Peter Schneider
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-12-30
Gravitational Lensing Strong Weak And Micro written by Peter Schneider and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-12-30 with Science categories.
The observation, in 1919 by A.S. Eddington and collaborators, of the gra- tational de?ection of light by the Sun proved one of the many predictions of Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity: The Sun was the ?rst example of a gravitational lens. In 1936, Albert Einstein published an article in which he suggested - ing stars as gravitational lenses. A year later, Fritz Zwicky pointed out that galaxies would act as lenses much more likely than stars, and also gave a list of possible applications, as a means to determine the dark matter content of galaxies and clusters of galaxies. It was only in 1979 that the ?rst example of an extragalactic gravitational lens was provided by the observation of the distant quasar QSO 0957+0561, by D. Walsh, R.F. Carswell, and R.J. Weymann. A few years later, the ?rst lens showing images in the form of arcs was detected. The theory, observations, and applications of gravitational lensing cons- tute one of the most rapidly growing branches of astrophysics. The gravi- tional de?ection of light generated by mass concentrations along a light path producesmagni?cation,multiplicity,anddistortionofimages,anddelaysp- ton propagation from one line of sight relative to another. The huge amount of scienti?c work produced over the last decade on gravitational lensing has clearly revealed its already substantial and wide impact, and its potential for future astrophysical applications.
Astrophysical Applications Of Gravitational Lensing
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Author : Evencio Mediavilla
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2016-10-06
Astrophysical Applications Of Gravitational Lensing written by Evencio Mediavilla and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-06 with Science categories.
This book presents gravitational lensing as an essential tool in astrophysics for tracking dark matter at all scales in the Universe.
Einstein S Field Equations And Their Physical Implications
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Author : Bernd G. Schmidt
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2008-01-11
Einstein S Field Equations And Their Physical Implications written by Bernd G. Schmidt and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-11 with Mathematics categories.
This book serves two purposes. The authors present important aspects of modern research on the mathematical structure of Einstein's field equations and they show how to extract their physical content from them by mathematically exact methods. The essays are devoted to exact solutions and to the Cauchy problem of the field equations as well as to post-Newtonian approximations that have direct physical implications. Further topics concern quantum gravity and optics in gravitational fields. The book addresses researchers in relativity and differential geometry but can also be used as additional reading material for graduate students.
Analysis And Mathematical Physics
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Author : Björn Gustafsson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-10-02
Analysis And Mathematical Physics written by Björn Gustafsson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10-02 with Mathematics categories.
Our knowledge of objects of complex and potential analysis has been enhanced recently by ideas and constructions of theoretical and mathematical physics, such as quantum field theory, nonlinear hydrodynamics, material science. These are some of the themes of this refereed collection of papers, which grew out of the first conference of the European Science Foundation Networking Programme 'Harmonic and Complex Analysis and Applications' held in Norway 2007.
The Kepler Problem
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Author : Bruno Cordani
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2003
The Kepler Problem written by Bruno Cordani and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Mathematics categories.
Accompanying CD-ROM contains Microsoft Windows program Kepler which calculates the effects of any perturbation of the Kepler problem and plots the resulting trajectories.
Primordial Cosmology
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Author : Patrick Peter
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2013-02-14
Primordial Cosmology written by Patrick Peter and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-14 with Science categories.
This book provides an extensive survey of all the physics necessary to understand the current developments in the field of fundamental cosmology, as well as an overview of the observational data and methods. It will help students to get into research by providing definitions and main techniques and ideas discussed today. The book is divided into three parts. Part 1 summarises the fundamentals in theoretical physics needed in cosmology (general relativity, field theory, particle physics). Part 2 describes the standard model of cosmology and includes cosmological solutions of Einstein equations, the hot big bang model, cosmological perturbation theory, cosmic microwave background anisotropies, lensing and evidence for dark matter, and inflation. Part 3 describes extensions of this model and opens up current research in the field: scalar-tensor theories, supersymmetry, the cosmological constant problem and acceleration of the universe, topology of the universe, grand unification and baryogenesis, topological defects and phase transitions, string inspired cosmology including branes and the latest developments. The book provides details of all derivations and leads the student up to the level of research articles.
Natural Focusing And Fine Structure Of Light
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Author : J.F Nye
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1999-01-01
Natural Focusing And Fine Structure Of Light written by J.F Nye and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-01-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A new kind of optics has grown up during the last 25 years. Geometrical optics has been studied for centuries (the law of reflection was known to the ancient Greeks) and wave optics (heralded by Huygens' Treatise on Light) has been studied for more than 300 years. But in the mid 1970s it began to be understood that when natural processes focus light, as when sunlight is reflected from the sea at sunset, the light caustics that are produced have a systematic behavior previously unrecognized. Natural Focusing and Fine Structure of Light: Caustics and Wave Dislocations provides a definitive account of how classical optics has been reconstructed in a modern way by emphasizing the hierarchy of singularities that exists in light fields. The book discusses the singularities of geometrical optics and their systematization by catastrophe theory. It explores the diffraction patterns associated with caustics that are dominated by wave dislocations, line singularities of the phase, and analogous to crystal dislocations. The book is a perfect blend of mathematics and physics, combining theory, computer simulation, and beautiful experimental photographs of the phenomena studied.
Relativistic Cosmology
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Author : George F. R. Ellis
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2012-03-22
Relativistic Cosmology written by George F. R. Ellis and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-22 with Science categories.
Surveying key developments and open issues in cosmology for graduate students and researchers, this book focuses on the general concepts and relations that underpin the standard model of the Universe. It also examines anisotropic and inhomogeneous models, and deeper issues, such as quantum cosmology and the multiverse proposal.