Small Irrigation Tanks As A Source Of Malaria Mosquito Vectors
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Small Irrigation Tanks As A Source Of Malaria Mosquito Vectors
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Author : Felix P. Amerasinghe
language : en
Publisher: IWMI
Release Date : 2001
Small Irrigation Tanks As A Source Of Malaria Mosquito Vectors written by Felix P. Amerasinghe and has been published by IWMI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Irrigation categories.
Thousands of small irrigation reservoirs (tanks) exist in rice ecosystems in malarious regions of south Asia. The potential of these tanks to generate malaria-transmitting mosquitoes has not been adequately evaluated. Through a study of nine small irrigation tanks in north-central Sri Lanka, this report provides an assessment of the capacity of tanks to generate malaria and nuisance mosquitoes, factors that contribute to mosquito generation, and measures that could ameliorate the problem.
Small Irrigation Tanks As A Source Of Malaria Mosquito Vectors
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Author : F.P. Amerasinghe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Small Irrigation Tanks As A Source Of Malaria Mosquito Vectors written by F.P. Amerasinghe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
Malaria; Tank-irrigatioin systems; Theme of the study; Methodology; Upper yan oya watershed; Study tanks; Survey of tank characteristics; Survey of mosquitoes; Data analyses; Results and discussion; Tank characteristics; Mosquito occurrence in tanks; Characteristics of mosquito-breeding habitats; Mosquito occurrence in relation to characteristics of tank habitats; Conclusions; Malaria vectors; Mosquito-breeding schematic; Tank rehabilitation and management.
Biological And Environmental Control Of Disease Vectors
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Author : Mary M. Cameron
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2013
Biological And Environmental Control Of Disease Vectors written by Mary M. Cameron and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Medical categories.
Covering the theory and practice of non-insecticidal control of insect vectors of human disease, this book provides an overview of methods including the use of botanical biocides and insect-derived semiochemicals, with an overall focus on integrated vector management strategies. While the mainstay of malaria control programmes relies on pesticides, there is a resurgence in the research and utilisation of non-insecticidal control measures due to concerns over rapid development and spread of insecticide resistance, and long-term environmental impacts. This book provides examples of successful applications in the field and recommendations for future use.
Malaria And Land Use
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Author : Eveline Klinkenberg
language : en
Publisher: IWMI
Release Date : 2003
Malaria And Land Use written by Eveline Klinkenberg and has been published by IWMI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Land use categories.
The transmission of malaria in Sri Lanka is unstable; its incidence greatly fluctuates from year to year and exhibits important variations within a year. Identification of the underlying risk factors of malaria is important to target the limited resources for the most-effective control of the disease. This report presents the first results of a project on malaria risk mapping to investigate whether this tool could be utilized to forecast malaria epidemics. It documents the key malaria risk factors for the Uda Walawe region of Sri Lanka, where monthly malaria incidence data were available over a 10-year period. In the study, data on aggregate malaria-incidence rates, land-use and water-use patterns, socioeconomic features and malaria-control interventions were collected and analyzed in a geographical information system. Malaria cases were mapped at the smallest administrative level and relative risks for different variables were calculated employing multivariate analyses. The findings of the study call for malaria-control strategies that are readily adapted to different ecological and epidemiological settings.
Malaria Transmission In The Vicinity Of Impounded Water Evidence From The Koka Reservoir Ethiopia
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Author : Solomon Kibret
language : en
Publisher: IWMI
Release Date : 2009
Malaria Transmission In The Vicinity Of Impounded Water Evidence From The Koka Reservoir Ethiopia written by Solomon Kibret and has been published by IWMI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Koka Reservoir (Ethipoia) categories.
The construction of dams in Africa is often associated with adverse malaria impacts in surrounding communities. However, the degree and nature of these impacts are rarely quantified and the feasibility of manipulating reservoir water levels to control mosquito breeding has not been previously investigated in Africa. This report describes entomological and epidemiological studies conducted around the Koka Dam and Reservoir in Ethiopia. The research findings confirm the role of the reservoir in increasing malaria transmission and provide evidence that there is potential to use dam operation in integrated malaria control strategies.
Institutional Alternatives In African Smallholder Irrigation
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Author : Tushaar Shah
language : en
Publisher: IWMI
Release Date : 2002
Institutional Alternatives In African Smallholder Irrigation written by Tushaar Shah and has been published by IWMI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Farms, Small categories.
This report reviews several decades of global experience in transferring management of government-run irrigation systems to farmer associations or other nongovernmental agencies in an attempt to apply the lessons of success to the African smallholder irrigation context.
Fundamentals Of Smallholder Irrigation
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Author : B. Albinson
language : en
Publisher: IWMI
Release Date : 2002
Fundamentals Of Smallholder Irrigation written by B. Albinson and has been published by IWMI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Farms, Small categories.
Smallholder irrigation systems–where farm sizes generally range from a fraction of a hectare to 10 hectares–pose special management problems, especially where the water available for irrigation is frequently less than the demand. The intensity of system adjustments required to meet individual farmer demands, and the administrative complexity of measuring and accounting water deliveries have generally proven excessive when attempting to meet “on demand†schedules, resulting in chaos (often characterized by illegal tampering with infrastructure, and vast differences of water use intensity at different locations in the system). The alternative–provision of a simple service, based on proportional sharing of available supplies on the basis of landholdings–has been resilient for many years over vast areas. The approach is based on a clear delineation between the part of the irrigation system that is actively managed (at various flow rates and water levels) and the part of the system that operates either at full supply level (with proportional division of water down to the level at which farmers rotate among their individual farms), or is completely shut. This operational design is known as a “structured†system, and has well-defined hydraulic characteristics, simplifying operation and management, in turn allowing a clearer definition of water entitlements and the responsibilities of agency staff and farmers. The approach is particularly suited to areas where water is scarce and discipline is needed to ration water among users. An additional benefit, which has been demonstrated in modeling studies using a well–proven model relating to water and yield, is that the productivity of water (which is more important than the more traditional productivity of land when water is scarce) is substantially increased when deficit irrigation is practiced–a widely observed and predictable response to rationed water supplies. Structured systems are most suited where water is scarce, clear definition of water entitlements is needed, management capacity is limited, and investment resources are limited. The approach to determining critical aspects of a structured system design is described in this report.
A Gender Performance Indicator For Irrigation
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Author : Barbara Van Koppen
language : en
Publisher: IWMI
Release Date : 2002
A Gender Performance Indicator For Irrigation written by Barbara Van Koppen and has been published by IWMI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Irrigation categories.
Although gender issues are today a priority on the agendas of irrigation policy makers, interventionists, farm leaders and researchers, there is still a considerable gap between positive intentions and concrete action. An important but hitherto ignored reason for this is the lack of adequate generic concepts and tools that are policy-relevant and can accommodate the vast variation in irrigation contexts worldwide. The Gender Performance Indicator for Irrigation (GPII) aims to fill this gap. In any particular scheme, this tool diagnoses the gendered organization of farming and gender-based inclusion or exclusion in irrigation institutions. It informs irrigation agencies what they themselves can do for effective change-if necessary. The tool also identifies gender issues beyond a strict mandate of irrigation water provision. The Indicator was applied and tested in nine case studies in Africa and Asia. The research report presents the underlying concepts, methodological guidelines and selected applications of the GPII.
Poverty Dimensions Of Irrigation Management Transfer In Large Scale Canal Irrigation In Andra Pradesh And Gujarat India
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Author : Barbara C. P. Koppen
language : en
Publisher: IWMI
Release Date : 2002
Poverty Dimensions Of Irrigation Management Transfer In Large Scale Canal Irrigation In Andra Pradesh And Gujarat India written by Barbara C. P. Koppen and has been published by IWMI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Farms, Size of categories.
A growing body of evidence on the impacts of irrigation management transfer (IMT) shows that IMT risks aggravating rural poverty. For governments that aim to continue irrigation management while ensuring that it contributes to poverty alleviation, a "pro-poor" mode of IMT needs to be designed and implemented. That is, a mode of IMT that benefits poor farmers while benefiting non-poor farmers equally, or perhaps to a lesser degree. The present research explores the scope for pro-poor modes of IMT in canal irrigation, focusing on large-scale canal irrigation schemes in India.
Health Impacts Of Small Reservoirs In Burkina Faso
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Author : Eline Boelee
language : en
Publisher: IWMI
Release Date : 2010-02-02
Health Impacts Of Small Reservoirs In Burkina Faso written by Eline Boelee and has been published by IWMI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-02-02 with Reservoirs categories.
In Burkina Faso, at least 1,700 small reservoirs have been constructed, most of them during the last 30 years. Numerous and scattered, these beneficial multipurpose systems combine productive with domestic water uses. However, their environmental and health impacts remain insufficiently documented. This report combines data from different sources into syntheses and national maps, with a focus on water-related diseases. The mitigation of negative impacts requires an integrated approach to specifically identify the enhancing and limiting factors that influence environmental impacts and the transmission of diseases around reservoirs. Public awareness campaigns need to accompany the promotion of preventive and curative measures and the development of alternative water sources for domestic supply.