Small Satellites And Their Regulation
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Small Satellites And Their Regulation
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Author : Ram S. Jakhu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-19
Small Satellites And Their Regulation written by Ram S. Jakhu and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Since the launch of UoSat-1 of the University of Surrey (United Kingdom) in 1981, small satellites proved regularly to be useful, beneficial, and cost-effective tools. Typical tasks cover education and workforce development, technology demonstration, verification and validation, scientific and engineering research as well as commercial applications. Today the launch masses range over almost three orders of magnitude starting at less than a kilogram up to a few hundred kilograms, with budgets of less than US$ 100.00 and up to millions within very short timeframes of sometimes less than two years. Therefore each category of small satellites provides specific challenges in design, development and operations. Small satellites offer great potentials to gain responsive, low-cost access to space within a short timeframe for institutions, companies, regions and countries beyond the traditional big players in the space arena. For these reasons (particularly the low cost of construction, launch and operation), small (micro, cube or nano) satellites are being preferred by students and educational institutions, amateur radio operators, small and developing countries, international aid agencies and most recently by defense agencies and satellite operators who are examining deployment of constellation clusters instead of conventional application satellites. In some cases these new capabilities are being deployed as hosted payloads on larger satellites. The advent of hosted payloads as a significant part of the satellite industry represents a key new topic that this book will address. The number of small satellites—of various types--is increasing fast as their benefits are being realized. This short and unique interdisciplinary book, covering both technical and regulatory aspects, examines all the different types of applications and reasons for small as well as exploring technical and operational innovations that are being introduced. It also examines the new technical standards, removal techniques or other methods that might help to address current problems and the regulatory issues and procedures to ameliorate problems associated with small satellites, especially mounting levels of orbital debris and noncompliance with radio frequency and national licensing requirements, liabilities, export controls and so on.
Regulating A Revolution
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Author : Neta Palkovitz
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2019-11-22
Regulating A Revolution written by Neta Palkovitz and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-22 with Law categories.
In recent years, small satellites have taken the space industry by storm. Their short development times, low cost, significant miniaturisation, standardisation and commercial availability have truly revolutionised the space industry. They make space accessible to non-professionals and on an individual level. This book is the first to explore the status of small satellites vis-à-vis international space law, examining which provisions are applicable and what kind of legal issues the traditional definitions pose when considering novel small satellites activities. The author sheds clear light on current regulatory challenges raised by the commercial and research activities of small satellites as well as by governmental and military applications. She covers the legal implications in such aspects of the small satellites revolution as the following: liability for damage caused or suffered by small satellites; State responsibility for non-governmental space activities employing small satellites; registration of space objects; launch practices; online availability of components and launch slots; the connection between small satellites and space debris; the role of space insurance; and legal challenges posed by large constellations of small satellites. In the course of the description and analysis, the author provides case studies showing how these challenges can be dealt with, offers deeply informed insights on emerging trends and future developments and indicates which jurisdictions may be most favourable to small satellite activities. The small satellites market is booming, and both States and industry are in need of guidance relating to the regulatory situation. Accordingly, this book will help stakeholders in the industry – universities, business entities and individuals, as well as non-commercial entities engaged in small satellites operations – understand what kind of regulatory challenges exist and what should be done in order to solve these challenges in the future.
Small Satellites
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Author : Irmgard Marboe
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2016-03-17
Small Satellites written by Irmgard Marboe and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-17 with Law categories.
Small Satellites – Regulatory Challenges and Chances edited by Irmgard Marboe addresses the booming phenomenon of small satellites. It shows the importance of existing rules and regulations to ensure the safe and responsible use of outer space by universities, start-ups and governments.
Handbook Of Small Satellites
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Author : Joseph N. Pelton
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2020-09-13
Handbook Of Small Satellites written by Joseph N. Pelton and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-13 with Science categories.
In the past decade, the field of small satellites has expanded the space industry in a powerful way. Hundreds, indeed thousands, of these innovative and highly cost-efficient satellites are now being launched from Earth to establish low-cost space systems. These smallsats are engaged in experiments and prototype testing, communications services, data relay, internet access, remote sensing, defense and security related services, and more. Some of these systems are quite small and are simple student experiments, while others in commercial constellations are employing state-of-the-art technologies to deliver fast and accurate services. This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of this exciting new field. It covers the technology, applications and services, design and manufacture, launch arrangements, ground systems, and economic and regulatory arrangements surrounding small satellites. The diversity of approach in recent years has allowed for rapid innovation and economic breakthroughs to proceed at a pace that seems only to be speeding up. In this reference work, readers will find information pertaining to all aspects of the small satellite industry, written by a host of international experts in the field.
Small Satellites And Sustainable Development Solutions In International Space Law
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Author : Kiran Krishnan Nair
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-05-08
Small Satellites And Sustainable Development Solutions In International Space Law written by Kiran Krishnan Nair and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-08 with Law categories.
This book analyses the ability of existing international law to address common vulnerabilities in connection with the recent emergence of small satellites, and how finding consensus in this context can pave the way to the sustainable development of space. The rise of small satellite constellations has produced a paradigm shift in the use of space capabilities, suddenly making them far more available and affordable. This development has in turn sparked substantial global interest in finding ways to capitalize on the new opportunities and to mitigate the challenges posed by these mega-constellations. This work targets precisely that need, offering a valuable asset for readers from the commercial space industry, investors, lawyers, researchers, academics and policymakers alike.
Smaller Satellites Bigger Business
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Author : Michael J Rycroft
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Smaller Satellites Bigger Business written by Michael J Rycroft and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Y. Fujimori, Symposium Programme Committee Chair, and Faculty Member, International Space University e-mail: fujimori@isu.isunet.edu M.Rycroft, Faculty Member, International Space University e-mail: rycroft@isu.isunet.edu N. Crosby, International Space University e-mail: norma@bock-crosby.fsbusines.co.uk For the sixth annual ISU Symposium the theme was "Smaller Satellites: Bigger Business? Concepts, Applications and Markets for Micro/Nanosatellites in a New Information World". Thus, the Symposium addressed the crucial question: are small satellites the saviour of space programmes around the world It did this from the unique perspective of the International Space today? University - the interdisciplinary, international and intercultural perspective. This Symposium brought together a variety of people working on small satellites - engineers, scientists, planners, providers, operators, policy makers and business executives, together with representatives from regulatory bodies, from national and international organizations, and from the finance sector, and also entrepreneurs. Discussion and debate were encouraged, based on the papers presented and those published here.
Handbook Of Small Satellites Volume 1 Technology Design Manufacture Applications Economics And Regulation
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Author : Joseph N. Pelton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Handbook Of Small Satellites Volume 1 Technology Design Manufacture Applications Economics And Regulation written by Joseph N. Pelton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Investigations On The Current And Future Use Of Radio Frequency Allocations For Small Satellite Operations
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Author : Buscher, Martin
language : en
Publisher: Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin
Release Date : 2019-09-16
Investigations On The Current And Future Use Of Radio Frequency Allocations For Small Satellite Operations written by Buscher, Martin and has been published by Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-16 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Global radio frequency spectrum use for satellite communication is a present-day challenge that has been aggravated by the increased launch of small satellites during the past 15 years. This thesis aims to examine both regulatory and technical aspects of spectrum use. The focus of this examination is on frequency bands that are commonly used by small satellites and on those bands that might be applicable for future use. The thesis content is subdivided into three parts. The first part presents the needed background on small satellites as well as the regulatory environment for small satellites. The second part gives insight into the results of a theoretical assessment of current and future small satellite allocations. The third part depicts two concepts for on-orbit spectrum analysis applications which allow the analysis of the problem from the technical side, including first flight results. After studying this work, the reader shall be able to understand regulatory procedures for frequency coordination and to acknowledge challenges for both satellite developers and responsible administrations. The presented hardware implementations for spectrum analysis shall serve as a tool for improved frequency coordination in the near future. Durch die steigende Anzahl von Kleinstsatellitenstarts in den letzten 15 Jahren ist auch die Auslastung von Funkspektrum für die Satellitenkommunikation signifikant gestiegen. Während die ersten Kleinstsatelliten (CubeSats) aufgrund ihrer Neuheit und ihrer kurzen Lebenszeit von regulatorischer Seite unbeachtet blieben, stiegen in den letzten Jahren Interferenzfälle sowie die Frage, wie Kleinstsatelliten regulatorisch behandelt werden sollen. Diese Arbeit betrachtet die aktuelle und zukünftige Nutzung von Funkspektrum für Kleinsatelliten aus regulatorischer und technischer Sicht. Der erste Teil der Arbeit behandelt die regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen von Kleinstsatelliten und bietet einen Einblick in das Themengebiet Frequenzkoordinierung. Der zweite Teil untersucht Möglichkeiten zur verbesserten Frequenzkoordinierung im Rahmen von ITU-Studien. Im dritten Teil der Arbeit wird die technische Implementierung von Weltraumanwendungen zur Spektrumanalyse präsentiert. Flugergebnisse eines Spektrumanalysator sowie eine Satellitennutzlast zur Spektrumanalyse werden vorgestellt. Durch die Lektüre dieser Arbeit soll eine Einführung in die Frequenzkoordinierung von Kleinstsatelliten gegeben werden. Aktuelle Entwicklungen auf regulatorischer Seite sowie aktuelle und zukünftige Ergebnisse der Spektrumanalyse aus dem Orbit werden als Hilfsmittel für Koordinierungsvorgänge vorgestellt.
The Role Of Small Satellites In Nasa And Noaa Earth Observation Programs
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2000-05-12
The Role Of Small Satellites In Nasa And Noaa Earth Observation Programs written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-05-12 with Science categories.
Remote observations of Earth from space serve an extraordinarily broad range of purposes, resulting in extraordinary demands on those at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and elsewhere who must decide how to execute them. In research, Earth observations promise large volumes of data to a variety of disciplines with differing needs for measurement type, simultaneity, continuity, and long-term instrument stability. Operational needs, such as weather forecasting, add a distinct set of requirements for continual and highly reliable monitoring of global conditions. The Role of Small Satellites in NASA and NOAA Earth Observation Programs confronts these diverse requirements and assesses how they might be met by small satellites. In the past, the preferred architecture for most NASA and NOAA missions was a single large spacecraft platform containing a sophisticated suite of instruments. But the recognition in other areas of space research that cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and robustness may be enhanced by using small spacecraft has raised questions about this philosophy of Earth observation. For example, NASA has already abandoned its original plan for a follow-on series of major platforms in its Earth Observing System. This study finds that small spacecraft can play an important role in Earth observation programs, providing to this field some of the expected benefits that are normally associated with such programs, such as rapid development and lower individual mission cost. It also identifies some of the programmatic and technical challenges associated with a mission composed of small spacecraft, as well as reasons why more traditional, larger platforms might still be preferred. The reasonable conclusion is that a systems-level examination is required to determine the optimum architecture for a given scientific and/or operational objective. The implied new challenge is for NASA and NOAA to find intra- and interagency planning mechanisms that can achieve the most appropriate and cost-effective balance among their various requirements.
Achieving Science With Cubesats
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2016-11-06
Achieving Science With Cubesats written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-06 with Science categories.
Space-based observations have transformed our understanding of Earth, its environment, the solar system and the universe at large. During past decades, driven by increasingly advanced science questions, space observatories have become more sophisticated and more complex, with costs often growing to billions of dollars. Although these kinds of ever-more-sophisticated missions will continue into the future, small satellites, ranging in mass between 500 kg to 0.1 kg, are gaining momentum as an additional means to address targeted science questions in a rapid, and possibly more affordable, manner. Within the category of small satellites, CubeSats have emerged as a space-platform defined in terms of (10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm)- sized cubic units of approximately 1.3 kg each called "U's." Historically, CubeSats were developed as training projects to expose students to the challenges of real-world engineering practices and system design. Yet, their use has rapidly spread within academia, industry, and government agencies both nationally and internationally. In particular, CubeSats have caught the attention of parts of the U.S. space science community, which sees this platform, despite its inherent constraints, as a way to affordably access space and perform unique measurements of scientific value. The first science results from such CubeSats have only recently become available; however, questions remain regarding the scientific potential and technological promise of CubeSats in the future. Achieving Science with CubeSats reviews the current state of the scientific potential and technological promise of CubeSats. This report focuses on the platform's promise to obtain high- priority science data, as defined in recent decadal surveys in astronomy and astrophysics, Earth science and applications from space, planetary science, and solar and space physics (heliophysics); the science priorities identified in the 2014 NASA Science Plan; and the potential for CubeSats to advance biology and microgravity research. It provides a list of sample science goals for CubeSats, many of which address targeted science, often in coordination with other spacecraft, or use "sacrificial," or high-risk, orbits that lead to the demise of the satellite after critical data have been collected. Other goals relate to the use of CubeSats as constellations or swarms deploying tens to hundreds of CubeSats that function as one distributed array of measurements.