Soil Organic Matter Decomposition In Permafrost Affected Soils And Sediments
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Soil Organic Matter Decomposition In Permafrost Affected Soils And Sediments
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Author : Josefine Walz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Soil Organic Matter Decomposition In Permafrost Affected Soils And Sediments written by Josefine Walz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Cryosols
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Author : John Kimble
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-14
Cryosols written by John Kimble and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-14 with Nature categories.
Cryosols – permafrost – occupy a unique part of the earth and have properties greatly different from other soils. They also occur where the greatest impact of global warming is predicted. This is the first book bring together the leading researchers in the area of permafrost soils to produce a review of the geography, cryogenic soil forming processes, ecological processes, classification and use of soils that are affected by permafrost.
Organic Matter In Permafrost Affected Soils As Affected By Soil Forming Processes And Vegetation In The Arctic And Antarctica
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Author : Isabel Prater
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Organic Matter In Permafrost Affected Soils As Affected By Soil Forming Processes And Vegetation In The Arctic And Antarctica written by Isabel Prater and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Permafrost Soils
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Author : Rosa Margesin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-10-31
Permafrost Soils written by Rosa Margesin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-31 with Science categories.
Most of the Earth’s biosphere is characterized by low temperatures. Vast areas (>20%) of the soil ecosystem are permanently frozen or are unfrozen for only a few weeks in summer. Permafrost regions occur at high latitudes and also at high ele- tions; a significant part of the global permafrost area is represented by mountains. Permafrost soils are of global interest, since a significant increase in temperature is predicted for polar regions. Global warming will have a great impact on these soils, especially in northern regions, since they contain large amounts of organic carbon and act as carbon sinks, and a temperature increase will result in a release of carbon into the atmosphere. Additionally, the intensified release of the clima- relevant tracer gas methane represents a potential environmental harzard. Significant numbers of viable microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, p- totrophic cyanobacteria and green algae, fungi and protozoa, are present in per- frost, and the characteristics of these microorganisms reflect the unique and extreme conditions of the permafrost environment. Remarkably, these microorg- isms have been reported to be metabolically active at subzero temperatures, even down to ?20°C.
Changes To Soil And Sedimentary Organic Matter Composition With Permafrost Active Layer Detachments In A Canadian High Arctic Watershed
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Author : David Michael Grewer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Changes To Soil And Sedimentary Organic Matter Composition With Permafrost Active Layer Detachments In A Canadian High Arctic Watershed written by David Michael Grewer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
The vast reservoir of organic matter (OM) locked up in Arctic permafrost may become vulnerable to degradation with increased thawing. In recent years, higher than average Arctic temperatures have increased the frequency of abrupt permafrost thawing events. On sloped terrain, deeper seasonal thawing of permafrost soils can initiate landslide-like events called active layer detachments (ALDs) which can release large amounts of previously unavailable carbon into the surrounding environment. Once exposed, more easily degraded permafrost-derived OM may be transported and mineralized through hydrological networks, altering biogeochemical cycles both locally and globally. It is therefore important to investigate the environmental fate of permafrost-derived OM following release by ALDs. Several complementary methods were used to investigate soil and sedimentary OM composition from an ALD-impacted High Arctic watershed, including: biomarker analyses via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (solvent extractable compounds, base hydrolysable products, CuO oxidation products, phospholipid fatty acids), solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and radiocarbon analysis using accelerator mass spectrometry. Samples collected from the watershed represented three distinct environments: soils, fluvial sediments, and lacustrine sediments. Soil OM composition of depth profiles from upslope and downslope regions of the disturbance were compared. Lower amounts of labile OM upslope, suggesting increased erosion, contrasted with higher amounts downslope indicative of the accumulation of OM. Additionally, labile OM observed in subterranean soil downslope indicates storage of more easily degraded material in deep permafrost. Fluvial sedimentary OM composition downstream of the disturbance was investigated to characterize potential shifts in OM composition resulting from ALD inputs. In addition, downstream translocation of ALD inputs over time was determined when comparing samples from 2011, 2013, and 2014. OM composition in areas along the river receiving ALD inputs also shifted from permafrost-derived biomarkers toward more contemporary aquatic-derived inputs over time. OM composition from recent lacustrine sediments contained older, more persistent compounds suggesting that the labile OM released by ALDs likely undergoes degradation before reaching the lake. Overall, this thesis reveals the ongoing shifts in the OM composition of ALD-impacted Arctic landscapes and contributes to the growing body of evidence suggesting enhanced losses of labile permafrost-derived carbon with future warming and climate change.
Permafrost Organic Matter Quality And Biolability In The Vault Lake Thermokarst Environment Interior Alaska Usa
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Author : Joanne K. Heslop
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Permafrost Organic Matter Quality And Biolability In The Vault Lake Thermokarst Environment Interior Alaska Usa written by Joanne K. Heslop and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Greenhouse gases categories.
Warming and thawing of permafrost soils removes a major barrier to soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization, leading to the mobilization and microbial degradation of previously frozen, inactive permafrost organic carbon (OC) into the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Many thermokarst (thaw) lakes formed in permafrost-dominated landscapes have high rates of CO2 and CH4 emission; however, the composition and biodegradability of the thawed permafrost OC as they relate to the relative magnitudes of anaerobic OC mineralization at different depths throughout the vertical profile of a thermokarst-lake talik system have, to my knowledge, never been measured. My research examined OC composition and mineralization potentials at the Vault Creek (VC) permafrost tunnel and Vault Lake, located 20 km north of Fairbanks, Alaska, USA, to better constrain these uncertainties. I found that, in a 590-cm long sediment core collected from the center of Vault Lake, whole-column CH4 production is dominated by methanogenesis in the organic-rich mud facies, which occurred in the surface 0 to 152 cm. CH4 production potential rates positively associated with substrate availability (carbon and nitrogen concentrations) and the relative abundances of terrestrially-derived organic matter compounds (alkanes, alkenes, lignin products, and phenols and phenolic precursors), measured using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Temperature sensitivity analyses conducted on a subset of samples from the Vault Lake sediment core suggest century-scale time since permafrost thaw affects temperature sensitivities of CH4 production. Freshly-thawed taberite sediments at the base of the talik (thaw bulb) were most sensitive to warming at lower incubation temperatures (0 °C to 3 °C), while the overlying taberite sediments thawed in situ longer periods of time (up to 400 years based on radiocarbon dating) did not experience statistically significant increases in CH4 production until higher incubation temperatures (10 °C to 25 °C). Finally, using anaerobic incubations and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry of water-extractable organic matter along a 12-m yedoma profile in the VC permafrost tunnel, I show that yedoma OC biolability increases with depth as indicated by increasing proportions of aliphatics and peptides (reduced, high H/C compounds). These compounds also positively correlated with anaerobic CO2 and CH4 production, and corresponded to high proportions (5.6% to 118 %) of OC mineralization rates in incubations. This suggests that as yedoma permafrost thaws beneath a thermokarst lake greenhouse gas production potentials may increase with thaw depth.
Effects Of Temperature And Land Use Change On Soil Organic Matter Dynamics In A Permafrost Affected Ecosystem
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Author : Tino Andreas Peplau
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Effects Of Temperature And Land Use Change On Soil Organic Matter Dynamics In A Permafrost Affected Ecosystem written by Tino Andreas Peplau and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Sensitivity Of Soil Organic Matter In Cryoturbated Arctic Soils Against Permafrost Thaw
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Author : Norman Gentsch
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Sensitivity Of Soil Organic Matter In Cryoturbated Arctic Soils Against Permafrost Thaw written by Norman Gentsch and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Permafrost soils, soil organic matter, climate change. - Permafrostboden, organische Bodensubstanz, Klimawandel
Mobilization Of Terrestrial Organic Matter From Thawing Arctic Permafrost Regions
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Author : Mengli Cao
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Mobilization Of Terrestrial Organic Matter From Thawing Arctic Permafrost Regions written by Mengli Cao and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Global climate change is expected to have a huge impact on Arctic warming, leading to an increased remobilization of permafrost organic carbon. More than twice as much carbon as in the atmosphere is contained in permafrost soils, and may upon destabilization expose large amounts of organic matter to microbial degradation and release climate-forcing greenhouse gases. As an important link in the land-ocean continuum, rivers are important pathways for permafrost OC remobilization. Arctic ocean sediments are thus receptors of terrestrial OC remobilization for a large part of the circum-Arctic drainage basin and offer an archive to study past terrestrial OC remobilization as during the last deglaciation. This thesis studies terrestrial OC in sub-Arctic ocean sediments to study OC remobilization from permafrost regions across temporal and spatial scales. A detailed study of two sediment cores from the Bering Sea and Okhotsk Sea, allowed the reconstruction of vegetation development, permafrost OC mobilization, and transport pathways of permafrost OC remobilization during the last deglaciation. Vegetation development and permafrost OC remobilization have been investigated by analyses of the mass accumulation rate of terrestrial biomarkers (lignin phenols and lipids). To study the influence of climatic conditions on the stability of inland permafrost soils, the sea surface temperature of the Bering Sea was investigated (TEXL86). For the study of terrestrial OC remobilization from different carbon pools, compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) was applied to terrestrial compounds (lignin-derived phenols). A modified method for the purification of lignin-derived phenols was used for CSRA. Downcore records of lignin flux from the Yukon and Amur basins covering the early deglaciation to the Holocene are discussed in the first study. It was found that vegetation change and permafrost remobilization occurred earlier in the Yukon than in the Amur basin. The retreat of sea ice coupled with increased sea surface temperatures in the Bering Sea and adjacent ocean areas during the early deglaciation (19.0-14.6 kyr) might have promoted early permafrost mobilization. The results reveal that lipids and lignin might have been delivered to the ocean by identical processes, i.e., runoff and erosion, which is not consistent with previous studies of modern Arctic river systems. A simplified procedure for the purification of lignin phenols based on the published method by Feng et al., (2013b) and an evaluation of the fraction of modern carbon (F14C) and the mass of the associated procedural blank is described in the second study. Lignin phenols were purified only by one HLB SPE cartridge (Waters Oasis, 200 mg, 6 mL). Samples were eluted from the HLB cartridge with 60 mL ethyl acetate to achieve a clean-up of lignin-derived phenols. Single compound separation and collection was achieved by HPLC on a Phenomenex Synergi Polar-RP column at 40 °C. The blank carbon contribution of the entire method, as determined with reference compounds, was found to be 4.17 ± 0.35 mgC with an F14C of 0.55 ± 0.04. In the third study, the revised method of lignin purification was applied to obtain first downcore CSRA records of lignin-derived phenols from sediment cores retrieved off the Yukon and Amur Basins. The radiocarbon ages of phenols from sediments of the Bering and Okhotsk Seas are expected to reflect inputs from at least two different terrigenous sources that are characterized by different ages and degradation degrees during the last deglaciation. The age offsets between lignin phenols and fatty acids were controlled by surface discharge in the Yukon and Amur Basins. Deep OC enriched in long-chain lipids can be mobilized both through coastal erosion and thawing of inland thermokarst which can be transported to marine sediments by surface runoff in the last deglaciation. The radiocarbon ages of lignin phenols and long-chain fatty acids are controlled by processes that are affected by climate change, and the 14C age offset between lipids and lignin phenols can be used as palaeo-proxy for these changing processes. The fourth study investigates lignin phenols flux and radiocarbon ages in short cores off the Lena River, covering the last century. The vegetation in the Lena Basin is a mixture of woody gymnosperm and non-woody angiosperm sources and has not changed significantly in the past century. Young and old terrigenous carbon pools both affect the D14C values of phenols in the two sediment cores. The D14C values of lignin phenols in shallow Laptev Sea sediments may be treated as an indicator of runoff. This thesis highlights the vulnerability of permafrost OC to Arctic warming over time and space, thus contributing to a better understanding of climate-carbon couplings in the Earth system.
Thawing Permafrost
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Author : J. van Huissteden
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-01-01
Thawing Permafrost written by J. van Huissteden and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-01 with Science categories.
This book provides a cross-disciplinary overview of permafrost and the carbon cycle by providing an introduction into the geographical distribution of permafrost, with a focus on the distribution of permafrost and its soil carbon reservoirs. The chapters explain the basic physical properties and processes of permafrost soils: ice, mineral and organic components, and how these interact with climate, vegetation and geomorphological processes. In particular, the book covers the role of the large quantities of ice in many permafrost soils which are crucial to understanding carbon cycle processes. An explanation is given on how permafrost becomes loaded with ice and carbon. Gas hydrates are also introduced. Structures and processes formed by the intense freeze-thaw action in the active layer are considered (e.g. ice wedging, cryoturbation), and the processes that occur as the permafrost thaws, (pond and lake formation, erosion). The book introduces soil carbon accumulation and decomposition mechanisms and how these are modified in a permafrost environment. A separate chapter deals with deep permafrost carbon, gas reservoirs and recently discovered methane emission phenomena from regions such as Northwest Siberia and the Siberian yedoma permafrost.