Spatial Organization At The Immunological Synapse
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Spatial Organization At The Immunological Synapse
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Author : Kaspar David Mossman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Spatial Organization At The Immunological Synapse written by Kaspar David Mossman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Spatial Organization In The Immune Synapse
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Author : Boryana Nikolaeva Manz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Spatial Organization In The Immune Synapse written by Boryana Nikolaeva Manz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
The Immunological Synapse Part A
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2023-01-16
The Immunological Synapse Part A written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-16 with Science categories.
The Immunological Synapse, Part A, Volume 173 in the Methods in Cell Biology series provides state-of-the-art methods for the study of the immunological synapse. Sections cover Imaging polarized granule release at the cytotoxic T cell immunological synapse using TIRF microscopy: control by polarity regulators, Analysis of centrosomal area actin reorganization and centrosome polarization upon lymphocyte activation at the immunological synapse, P815-based redirected degranulation assay to study human NK cell effector functions, Cytotoxic and Chemotactic Dynamics of Natural Killer Cells Quantified by Live-cell Imaging, Quantification of interaction frequency between antigen-presenting cells and T cells by conjugation assay, and more. Other chapters focus on the Study of the Effects of NK-Tumor Cell Interaction by Proteomic Analysis and Imaging, Quantification of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus specific T cells and LCMV viral titers, Quantification of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus specific T cells and LCMV viral titers, An in vitro model to monitor natural killer cell effector functions against primary breast cancer, and Standardized Protocol for the Evaluation of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-modified Cell Immunological Synapse Quality using the Glass-supported Planar L. - Covers various methods related to the study of the immunological synapse - Includes detailed, point-by-point, methods as well as various important notes - Provides the authority and expertise from an international board of leading scientists
Molecular Dynamics At The Immunological Synapse
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Author : Pedro Roda-Navarro
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-03-21
Molecular Dynamics At The Immunological Synapse written by Pedro Roda-Navarro and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-21 with categories.
The immunological synapse (IS) is a specialised cell-cell adhesion that mediates antigen acquisition and regulates the activation of lymphocytes. Initial studies of the IS showed a structure composed of stable supra-molecular activation clusters (SMAC) organised during the interaction of helper T lymphocytes with B lymphocytes, working as antigen presenting cells. A central SMAC of coalesced T cell receptors (TCRs) and a peripheral SMAC for cell-cell adhesion were observed. IS with similar structure was later described during antigen acquisition by B cells and during the interaction of NK cells with target and healthy cells. More recent research developed with microscopy systems that improve the spatial and temporal resolution has showed the complex molecular dynamics at the IS that governs lymphocyte activation. Currently, the IS is seen as a three-dimensional structure where signalling networks for lymphocyte activation and endosomal and cytoskeleton machinery are polarised. A view has emerged in which dynamic microclusters of signalling complexes are composed of molecular components attached to the plasma membrane and other components conveyed on sub-synaptic vesicles transported to the membrane by cytoskeletal fibers and motor proteins. Much information is nonetheless missing about how the dynamics of the endosomal compartment, the cytoskeleton, and signalling complexes are reciprocally regulated to achieve the function of lymphocytes. Experimental evidence also suggests that the environment surrounding lymphocytes exposed to different antigenic challenge regulates IS assembly and functional output, making an even more complex scenario still far from being completely understood. Also, although some signalling molecular components for lymphocyte activation have been identified and thoroughly studied, the function of other molecules has not been yet uncovered or deeply characterised. This research topic aims to provide the reader with the latest information about the molecular dynamics governing lymphocyte activation. These molecular dynamics dictate cell decisions. Thus, we expect that understanding them will provide new avenues for cell manipulation in therapies to treat different immune-related pathologies.
The Immunological Synapse Part B
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2023-07-27
The Immunological Synapse Part B written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-27 with Science categories.
The Immunological Synapse - Part B, Volume 178 in the Methods in Cell Biology series provides state-of-the-art methods for the study of the immunological synapse. This first volume covers various aspects on T cell and natural killer (NK) cell synapses, including imaging polarized granule release using TIRF microscopy, analysis of actin reorganization and centrosome polarization, redirected degranulation, live cell-imaging to quantify cytotoxic and chemotactic dynamics, quantification of interactions between APCs and T cells, assessment of membrane lipid state at the immunological synapse, proteomic analysis and imaging of NK-tumor cell interaction, evaluating natural killer cell effector functions against breast cancer cells derived from human tumor tissue, evaluation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified cell immunological synapse quality using the glass-supported planar lipid bilayer, and monitoring potency of therapeutic CAR T cells. It also includes one chapter on quantification of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus specific T cells and LCMV viral titers, and one chapter on the murine antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis assay. - Covers various methods related to the study of the immunological synapse - Includes detailed, point-by-point, methods as well as various important notes - Provides the authority and expertise from an international board of leading scientists
Molecular Organization Of Membranes Where Biology Meets Biophysics
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Author : Marek Cebecauer
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2018-02-07
Molecular Organization Of Membranes Where Biology Meets Biophysics written by Marek Cebecauer and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-07 with categories.
Biological membranes protect cells and organelles from the surrounding environment, but serve also as organising platforms for physiological processes such as cell signalling. The hydrophobic core of membranes is composed of lipids and proteins influencing each other. Local membrane composition and properties define its molecular organisation and, in this way, regulate the function of all associated molecules. Therefore, studying interactions of components, biophysical properties and overall membrane dynamics provides essential information on its function in the context of cell activities. Such knowledge can contribute to biomedical fields such as pharmacology, immunology, neurobiology and many others. The goal of the Research Topic entitled ‘Molecular organisation of membranes: where biology meets biophysics’ was to provide a comprehensive platform for publishing articles, reviews and opinions focused on membrane organisation and the forces behind its heterogeneous and dynamic structure. We collected 11 works which cover topics as diverse as general membrane organisation models, membrane trafficking and signalling regulation, biogenesis of caveolae, protein-lipid interactions and the importance of membrane-associated tetraspanins networks. The prevalent theme was the existence of membrane nanodomains. To this point, new emerging technologies are presented which own the power to bring a novel insight on how membrane nanodomains are formed and maintained and what is their function. We believe that the collection of works in this Research Topic brings forward some important questions which will stimulate further research in this difficult but exciting field.
Role Of Clustering In Determining Spatial Organization At The Immunological Synapse
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Author : Nina Caculitan Hartman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Role Of Clustering In Determining Spatial Organization At The Immunological Synapse written by Nina Caculitan Hartman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Micron-scale assemblies of molecules are thematic in biology, although their mechanism of formation and exact functional role are oftentimes unknown. The immunological synapse (IS)--the gateway event to the body's initiation of an immune response against infection--is a hallmark example. T cell detection of pathogenic invasion on an antigen-presenting cell leads to the arrangement of receptor-ligand pairs into well-defined concentric zones referred to as supramolecular activation clusters (SMACs). The main signaling molecule, the T cell receptor (TCR), binds its specific foreign peptide-presenting ligand, major histocompatibility complex (pMHC). These complexes form a central cluster in the central SMAC (cSMAC) at the center of the intermembrane junction. Immediately surrounding the cSMAC is the peripheral SMAC (pSMAC), populated by a ring of leukocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) bound to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). In this dissertation, we determine how the final IS pattern emerges from a uniform distribution of receptor-ligand pairs. It is known that the actin cytoskeleton drives the centripetal transport of these proteins, but it is unclear how actin sorts them into their final destinations. We postulate that the large-scale sorting of proteins into the different SMACs is a natural consequence of smaller scale protein sorting into microclusters, which may contain hundreds of molecules. To test this, we increase the LFA-1 cluster size two additional degrees beyond its native state with antibody crosslinkers. We either crosslink LFA-1 directly or indirectly with antibodies against its ICAM-1 ligand, which is presented on a supported membrane with the activating pMHC. Progressively more central localization of LFA-1 proportional to the degree of crosslinking results until LFA-1 occupies the cSMAC with TCR. Based on these results, we propose a sorting mechanism based on frictional protein coupling to actin. In the frictional force coupling model, the extent of radial protein transport by actin is determined by the specific coupling chemistry and the protein cluster size. This model predicts cluster size-based protein sorting across the IS. Using fluorescence fluctuation measurements and a small illumination area, we detect a gradient of LFA-1:ICAM-1 cluster sizes across the pSMAC in the native IS, as predicted by our model. Thus, we demonstrate that the well-regulated event of protein clustering is a critical parameter in regulating spatial patterning in the IS.
The Immunological Synapse Part C
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2025-02-06
The Immunological Synapse Part C written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-02-06 with Science categories.
The Immunological Synapse - Part C, Volume 193 in the Methods in Cell Biology series provides state-of-the-art and detailed methods for the study of the T cell, natural killer (NK) cell and B cell immunological synapses. Topics covered in this third volume include tau-STED microscopy for 3D-quantitative colocalization of lytic granule markers, image processing approaches for 3D-analysis of markers and for microtubule remodeling quantification at the immunological synapse, flow cytometry to analyze NK cell-target cell conjugation, imaging flow cytometry to quantify a range of different subcellular processes at the immunological synapse, imaging techniques aimed at quantitatively analyzing B cell immunological synapse formation, quantification of force-mediated antigen extraction in the B cell immune synapse using DNA-based tension sensors, measuring interaction forces between T lymphocytes and their target cells using live microscopy and laminar shear flow chambers, measuring interaction kinetics between T cells and their target tumor cells with optical tweezers, and gauging antigen recognition by human primary T-cells featuring orthotopically exchanged TCRs of choice. Additionally, this volume includes methods to isolate and characterize primary NK cells and enrich the KIR2DL1+ population, and to expand γδ T cells and evaluate their cytotoxicity. - Covers various methods related to the study of the immunological synapse - Includes detailed, point-by-point, methods as well as various important notes - Provides the authority and expertise from an international board of leading scientists
Physics Of Biological Membranes
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Author : Patricia Bassereau
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-12-30
Physics Of Biological Membranes written by Patricia Bassereau and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-30 with Science categories.
This book mainly focuses on key aspects of biomembranes that have emerged over the past 15 years. It covers static and dynamic descriptions, as well as modeling for membrane organization and shape at the local and global (at the cell level) scale. It also discusses several new developments in non-equilibrium aspects that have not yet been covered elsewhere. Biological membranes are the seat of interactions between cells and the rest of the world, and internally, they are at the core of complex dynamic reorganizations and chemical reactions. Despite the long tradition of membrane research in biophysics, the physics of cell membranes as well as of biomimetic or synthetic membranes is a rapidly developing field. Though successful books have already been published on this topic over the past decades, none include the most recent advances. Additionally, in this domain, the traditional distinction between biological and physical approaches tends to blur. This book gathers the most recent advances in this area, and will benefit biologists and physicists alike.
Membrane Nanodomains
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Author : John R. Silvius
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Release Date : 2013
Membrane Nanodomains written by John R. Silvius and has been published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Science categories.
Many membranes in eukaryotic cells are inhomogeneous structures in which various membrane components are nonrandomly distributed, forming diverse types of 'domains.' Some membrane domains have long been well known, because they are sufficiently large, long-lived, and morphologically well defined to be characterized using classical microscopic and biochemical approaches. However, new technologies have revealed the presence in membranes of smaller, often highly dynamic 'nanodomains' that also play key roles in membrane function. Our current understanding of the diversity, the properties, and the functions of nanodomains is still very limited and, in some cases, controversial. Nonetheless, it is clear that many important aspects of membrane biology arise from features of membrane organization that 'play out' on spatial and temporal scales that are only now becoming experimentally accessible in living systems. In this book, we will discuss properties and interactions of membrane molecules that lead to nanodomain formation, new and emerging technologies by which nanodomains can be studied, and experimental examples that illustrate both highlights and current limitations of our present knowledge of the properties of membrane nanodomains in various cell types.