Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity Of Receptive Fields In Primary Visual Cortex
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Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity Of Receptive Fields In Primary Visual Cortex
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Author : Chad Daniel Meliza
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity Of Receptive Fields In Primary Visual Cortex written by Chad Daniel Meliza and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity
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Author : Henry Markram
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date :
Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity written by Henry Markram and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Hebb's postulate provided a crucial framework to understand synaptic alterations underlying learning and memory. Hebb's theory proposed that neurons that fire together, also wire together, which provided the logical framework for the strengthening of synapses. Weakening of synapses was however addressed by "not being strengthened", and it was only later that the active decrease of synaptic strength was introduced through the discovery of long-term depression caused by low frequency stimulation of the presynaptic neuron. In 1994, it was found that the precise relative timing of pre and postynaptic spikes determined not only the magnitude, but also the direction of synaptic alterations when two neurons are active together. Neurons that fire together may therefore not necessarily wire together if the precise timing of the spikes involved are not tighly correlated. In the subsequent 15 years, Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) has been found in multiple brain brain regions and in many different species. The size and shape of the time windows in which positive and negative changes can be made vary for different brain regions, but the core principle of spike timing dependent changes remain. A large number of theoretical studies have also been conducted during this period that explore the computational function of this driving principle and STDP algorithms have become the main learning algorithm when modeling neural networks. This Research Topic will bring together all the key experimental and theoretical research on STDP.
Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience Neural Circuit Development And Function In The Heathy And Diseased Brain
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Author : D.E. Shulz
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-05-06
Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience Neural Circuit Development And Function In The Heathy And Diseased Brain written by D.E. Shulz and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-06 with Medical categories.
Plasticity Of Gabaergic Synapses
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Author : Andrea Barberis
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-01-22
Plasticity Of Gabaergic Synapses written by Andrea Barberis and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-22 with Learning categories.
Learning and memory are believed to depend on plastic changes of neuronal circuits due to activity-dependent potentiation or depression of specific synapses. During the last two decades, plasticity of brain circuits was hypothesized to mainly rely on the flexibility of glutamatergic excitatory synapses, whereas inhibitory synapses were assumed relatively invariant, to ensure stable and reliable control of the neuronal network. As a consequence, while considerable efforts were made to clarify the main mechanisms underlying plasticity at excitatory synapses, the study of the cellular/molecular mechanisms of inhibitory plasticity has received much less attention. Nevertheless, an increasing body of evidence has revealed that inhibitory synapses undergo several types of plasticity at both pre- and postsynaptic levels. Given the crucial role of inhibitory interneurons in shaping network activities, such as generation of oscillations, selection of cell assemblies and signal integration, modifications of the inhibitory synaptic strength represents an extraordinary source of versatility for the fine control of brain states. This versatility also results from the rich diversity of GABAergic neurons in several brain areas, the specific role played by each inhibitory neuron subtype within a given circuit, and the heterogeneity of the properties and modulation of GABAergic synapses formed by specific interneuron classes. The molecular mechanisms underlying the potentiation or depression of inhibitory synapses are now beginning to be unraveled. At the presynaptic level, retrograde synaptic signaling was demonstrated to modulate GABA release, whereas postsynaptic forms of plasticity involve changes in the number/gating properties of GABAA receptors and/or shifts of chloride gradients. In addition, recent research indicates that GABAergic tonic inhibition can also be plastic, adding a further level of complexity to the control of the excitatory/inhibitory balance in the brain. The present Topic will focus on plasticity of GABAergic synapses, with special emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of plasticity induction and/or expression.
The Oxford Handbook Of Auditory Science The Auditory Brain
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Author : David R. Moore
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2010-01-21
The Oxford Handbook Of Auditory Science The Auditory Brain written by David R. Moore and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-21 with Medical categories.
Volume 1: The Ear (edited by Paul Fuchs) Volume 2: The Auditory Brain (edited by Alan Palmer and Adrian Rees) Volume 3: Hearing (edited by Chris Plack) Auditory science is one of the fastest growing areas of biomedical research. There are now around 10,000 researchers in auditory science, and ten times that number working in allied professions. This growth is attributable to several major developments: Research on the inner ear has shown that elaborate systems of mechanical, transduction and neural processes serve to improve sensitivity, sharpen frequency tuning, and modulate response of the ear to sound. Most recently, the molecular machinery underlying these phenomena has been explored and described in detail. The development, maintenance, and repair of the ear are also subjects of contemporary interest at the molecular level, as is the genetics of hearing disorders due to cochlear malfunctions.
Towards An Integrated Approach To Measurement Analysis And Modeling Of Cortical Networks
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Author : A. Ravishankar Rao
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-03-17
Towards An Integrated Approach To Measurement Analysis And Modeling Of Cortical Networks written by A. Ravishankar Rao and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-17 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
The amount of data being produced by neuroscientists is increasing rapidly, driven by advances in neuroimaging and recording techniques spanning multiple scales of resolution. The availability of such data poses significant challenges for their processing and interpretation. To gain a deeper understanding of the surrounding issues, the Editors of this e-Book reached out to an interdisciplinary community, and formed the Cortical Networks Working Group, and the genesis of this e-Book thus began with the formation of this Working Group, which was supported by the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis in the USA. The Group consisted of scientists from neuroscience, physics, psychology and computer science, and meetings were held in person. (A detailed list of the group members is presented in the Editorial that follows.) At the time we started, in 2010, the term “big data” was hardly in existence, though the volume of data we were handling would certainly have qualified. Furthermore, there was significant interest in harnessing the power of supercomputers to perform large scale neuronal simulations, and in creating specialized hardware to mimic neural function. We realized that the various disciplines represented in our Group could and should work together to accelerate progress in Neuroscience. We searched for common threads that could define the foundation for an integrated approach to solve important problems in the field. We adopted a network-centric perspective to address these challenges, as the data are derived from structures that are themselves network-like. We proposed three inter-twined threads, consisting of measurement of neural activity, analysis of network structures deduced from this activity, and modeling of network function, leading to theoretical insights. This approach formed the foundation of our initial call for papers. When we issued the call for papers, we were not sure how many papers would fall into each of these threads. We were pleased that we found significant interest in each thread, and the number of submissions exceeded our expectations. This is an indication that the field of neuroscience is ripe for the type of integration and interchange that we had anticipated. We first published a special topics issue after we received a sufficient number of submissions. This is now being converted to an e-book to strengthen the coherence of its contributions. One of the strong themes emerging in this e-book is that network-based measures capture better the dynamics of brain processes, and provide features with greater discriminative power than point-based measures. Another theme is the importance of network oscillations and synchrony. Current research is shedding light on the principles that govern the establishment and maintenance of network oscillation states. These principles could explain why there is impaired synchronization between different brain areas in schizophrenics and Parkinson’s patients. Such research could ultimately provide the foundation for an understanding of other psychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions. The chapters in this book cover these three main threads related to cortical networks. Some authors have combined two or more threads within a single chapter. We expect the availability of related work appearing in a single e-book to help our readers see the connection between different research efforts, and spur further insights and research.
Theory Of Cortical Plasticity
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Author : Leon N. Cooper
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2004
Theory Of Cortical Plasticity written by Leon N. Cooper and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Science categories.
This invaluable book presents a theory of cortical plasticity and shows how this theory leads to experiments that test both its assumptions and consequences. It elucidates, in a manner that is accessible to students as well as researchers, the role which the BCM theory has played in guiding research and suggesting experiments that have led to our present understanding of the mechanisms underlying cortical plasticity. Most of the connections between theory and experiment that are discussed require complex simulations. A unique feature of the book is the accompanying software package, Plasticity. This is provided complete with source code, and enables the reader to repeat any of the simulations quoted in the book as well as to vary either parameters or assumptions. Plasticity is thus a research and an educational tool. Readers can use it to obtain hands-on knowledge of the structure of BCM and various other learning algorithms. They can check and replicate our results as well as test algorithms andrefinements of their own.
Changing Brains
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-12-03
Changing Brains written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-03 with Science categories.
This volume of Progress in Brain Research focuses on the applying brain plasticity to advance and recover human ability. The volume starts off discussing brain plasticity in the young, adults and old brains with follow on discussions regarding the type of neuroscience-based training that is on offer in impaired child populations as well as discussing the therapeutics involved in adults. - Applying brain Plasticity and advances and recover human ability
Computational Neuroscience
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Author : Jianfeng Feng
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2003-10-20
Computational Neuroscience written by Jianfeng Feng and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-10-20 with Mathematics categories.
How does the brain work? After a century of research, we still lack a coherent view of how neurons process signals and control our activities. But as the field of computational neuroscience continues to evolve, we find that it provides a theoretical foundation and a set of technological approaches that can significantly enhance our understanding.
Biologically Inspired Computer Vision
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Author : Gabriel Cristobal
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2015-08-20
Biologically Inspired Computer Vision written by Gabriel Cristobal and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-20 with Technology & Engineering categories.
As the state-of-the-art imaging technologies became more and more advanced, yielding scientific data at unprecedented detail and volume, the need to process and interpret all the data has made image processing and computer vision increasingly important. Sources of data that have to be routinely dealt with today's applications include video transmission, wireless communication, automatic fingerprint processing, massive databanks, non-weary and accurate automatic airport screening, robust night vision, just to name a few. Multidisciplinary inputs from other disciplines such as physics, computational neuroscience, cognitive science, mathematics, and biology will have a fundamental impact in the progress of imaging and vision sciences. One of the advantages of the study of biological organisms is to devise very different type of computational paradigms by implementing a neural network with a high degree of local connectivity. This is a comprehensive and rigorous reference in the area of biologically motivated vision sensors. The study of biologically visual systems can be considered as a two way avenue. On the one hand, biological organisms can provide a source of inspiration for new computational efficient and robust vision models and on the other hand machine vision approaches can provide new insights for understanding biological visual systems. Along the different chapters, this book covers a wide range of topics from fundamental to more specialized topics, including visual analysis based on a computational level, hardware implementation, and the design of new more advanced vision sensors. The last two sections of the book provide an overview of a few representative applications and current state of the art of the research in this area. This makes it a valuable book for graduate, Master, PhD students and also researchers in the field.