Spills Of Diluted Bitumen From Pipelines
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Spills Of Diluted Bitumen From Pipelines
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2016-02-22
Spills Of Diluted Bitumen From Pipelines written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-22 with Nature categories.
Diluted bitumen has been transported by pipeline in the United States for more than 40 years, with the amount increasing recently as a result of improved extraction technologies and resulting increases in production and exportation of Canadian diluted bitumen. The increased importation of Canadian diluted bitumen to the United States has strained the existing pipeline capacity and contributed to the expansion of pipeline mileage over the past 5 years. Although rising North American crude oil production has resulted in greater transport of crude oil by rail or tanker, oil pipelines continue to deliver the vast majority of crude oil supplies to U.S. refineries. Spills of Diluted Bitumen from Pipelines examines the current state of knowledge and identifies the relevant properties and characteristics of the transport, fate, and effects of diluted bitumen and commonly transported crude oils when spilled in the environment. This report assesses whether the differences between properties of diluted bitumen and those of other commonly transported crude oils warrant modifications to the regulations governing spill response plans and cleanup. Given the nature of pipeline operations, response planning, and the oil industry, the recommendations outlined in this study are broadly applicable to other modes of transportation as well.
Spills Of Diluted Bitumen From Pipelines
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2016-03-22
Spills Of Diluted Bitumen From Pipelines written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-22 with Nature categories.
Diluted bitumen has been transported by pipeline in the United States for more than 40 years, with the amount increasing recently as a result of improved extraction technologies and resulting increases in production and exportation of Canadian diluted bitumen. The increased importation of Canadian diluted bitumen to the United States has strained the existing pipeline capacity and contributed to the expansion of pipeline mileage over the past 5 years. Although rising North American crude oil production has resulted in greater transport of crude oil by rail or tanker, oil pipelines continue to deliver the vast majority of crude oil supplies to U.S. refineries. Spills of Diluted Bitumen from Pipelines examines the current state of knowledge and identifies the relevant properties and characteristics of the transport, fate, and effects of diluted bitumen and commonly transported crude oils when spilled in the environment. This report assesses whether the differences between properties of diluted bitumen and those of other commonly transported crude oils warrant modifications to the regulations governing spill response plans and cleanup. Given the nature of pipeline operations, response planning, and the oil industry, the recommendations outlined in this study are broadly applicable to other modes of transportation as well.
Spills Of Diluted Bitumen From Pipelines
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Spills Of Diluted Bitumen From Pipelines written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Processing Of Heavy Crude Oils
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Author : Ramasamy Marappa Gounder
language : en
Publisher: Intechopen
Release Date : 2019
Processing Of Heavy Crude Oils written by Ramasamy Marappa Gounder and has been published by Intechopen this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Science categories.
Unconventional heavy crude oils are replacing the conventional light crude oils slowly but steadily as a major energy source. Heavy crude oils are cheaper and present an opportunity to the refiners to process them with higher profit margins. However, the unfavourable characteristics of heavy crude oils such as high viscosity, low API gravity, low H/C ratio, chemical complexity with high asphaltenes content, high acidity, high sulfur and increased level of metal and heteroatom impurities impede extraction, pumping, transportation and processing. Very poor mobility of the heavy oils, due to very high viscosities, significantly affects production and transportation. Techniques for viscosity reduction, drag reduction and in-situ upgrading of the crude oil to improve the flow characteristics in pipelines are presented in this book. The heavier and complex molecules of asphaltenes with low H/C ratios present many technological challenges during the refining of the crude oil, such as heavy coking on catalysts. Hydrogen addition and carbon removal are the two approaches used to improve the recovery of value-added products such as gasoline and diesel. In addition, the heavy crude oil needs pre-treatment to remove the high levels of impurities before the crude oil can be refined. This book introduces the major challenges and some of the methods to overcome them.
Fueling Culture
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Author : Jennifer Wenzel
language : en
Publisher: Fordham Univ Press
Release Date : 2017-02-01
Fueling Culture written by Jennifer Wenzel and has been published by Fordham Univ Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-01 with Science categories.
How has our relation to energy changed over time? What differences do particular energy sources make to human values, politics, and imagination? How have transitions from one energy source to another—from wood to coal, or from oil to solar to whatever comes next—transformed culture and society? What are the implications of uneven access to energy in the past, present, and future? Which concepts and theories clarify our relation to energy, and which just get in the way? Fueling Culture offers a compendium of keywords written by scholars and practitioners from around the world and across the humanities and social sciences. These keywords offer new ways of thinking about energy as both the source and the limit of how we inhabit culture, with the aim of opening up new ways of understanding the seemingly irresolvable contradictions of dependence upon unsustainable energy forms. Fueling Culture brings together writing that is risk-taking and interdisciplinary, drawing on insights from literary and cultural studies, environmental history and ecocriticism, political economy and political ecology, postcolonial and globalization studies, and materialisms old and new. Keywords in this volume include: Aboriginal, Accumulation, Addiction, Affect, America, Animal, Anthropocene, Architecture, Arctic, Automobile, Boom, Canada, Catastrophe, Change, Charcoal, China, Coal, Community, Corporation, Crisis, Dams, Demand, Detritus, Disaster, Ecology, Electricity, Embodiment, Ethics, Evolution, Exhaust, Fallout, Fiction, Fracking, Future, Gender, Green, Grids, Guilt, Identity, Image, Infrastructure, Innervation, Kerosene, Lebenskraft, Limits, Media, Metabolism, Middle East, Nature, Necessity, Networks, Nigeria, Nuclear, Petroviolence, Photography, Pipelines, Plastics, Renewable, Resilience, Risk, Roads, Rubber, Rural, Russia, Servers, Shame, Solar, Spill, Spiritual, Statistics, Surveillance, Sustainability, Tallow, Texas, Textiles, Utopia, Venezuela, Whaling, Wood, Work For a full list of keywords in and contributors to this volume, please go to: http://ow.ly/4mZZxV
Canada After Harper
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Author : Ed Finn
language : en
Publisher: James Lorimer & Company
Release Date : 2015-08-13
Canada After Harper written by Ed Finn and has been published by James Lorimer & Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-13 with History categories.
Most Canadians know that Stephen Harper has had a tremendous impact on the country since becoming prime minister in 2006. But few have the in-depth knowledge of how far his transformation has gone -- what has already been done, and what the consequences will be in the future. This book brings together Canadian experts in a wide variety of areas. They document key changes put in place by the Harper government. There have been dramatic changes in education, health care, women's rights, science and research, guiding the economy, labour unions, water and natural resources, and aboriginal affairs. Most of these measures have been designed to be difficult, if not impossible, to reverse. Readers will for the first time grasp the breadth and depth of the Harper attack on institutions, policies, and programs that embody values and principles shared by most Canadians. Each chapter documents the dangers of a government fixated on the needs of corporations and the one percent, blinded to our environmentally unsustainable lifestyle, and expanding surveillance and security measures to intimidate and threaten opponents. The contributors to this book believe that engagement in public affairs by the citizenry can trump the power of the elites and the giant corporations who are the winners of the Harper era. As activists in public life, they propose strategies and measures to create a Canada that champions fairness, social justice, real democracy in our government institutions, action to reverse global warming, and a constructive role in world affairs.
The American Energy Initiative Part 10 Serial No 112 63 112 1 Hearing
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
The American Energy Initiative Part 10 Serial No 112 63 112 1 Hearing written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
The American Energy Initiative
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Power
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
The American Energy Initiative written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Power and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Energy development categories.
Keystone Xl Pipeline
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011). Subcommittee on Environment
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Keystone Xl Pipeline written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011). Subcommittee on Environment and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Oil sands categories.
The Chemistry Of Oil And Petroleum Products
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Author : Merv Fingas
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2022-06-06
The Chemistry Of Oil And Petroleum Products written by Merv Fingas and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book is devoted to the chemistry of oil and petroleum products and covers the broad range of topics from heavy fuel oils, crude oils and (diluted) bitumen to today‘s research on asphaltenes. Recent methods are summarized and the large new groups of chemicals found in oils are identifi ed as well as described. The work points the way for a more complete understanding of the composition of petroleum. Highlights include: An update on oil fi ngerprinting New data using Fourier transform mass spectrometry, forensic tools for naphthenic acid fraction compounds in oil sand environmental samples Data on vanadium and nickel content changes in the resins of heavy oils, characteristics of their structural and group composition, and the content of heteroatomic (N, S, O) compounds Study of asphaltenes using direct molecular imaging employing atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) confi rming early findings of the dominance of the ‘island’ molecular structure An update on the Yen-Mullins model of asphaltenes in reservoirs giving the requisite solution to the asphaltene particle size, thus resolving the gravity term for thermodynamic modeling. A modifi ed polymer solution theory, the Flory-Huggins-Zuo (FHZ) EoS, is provided to model asphaltene gradients in reservoirs. A suite of oils from the Tarim Basin, Qaidam Basin, Ordos Basin, and Liaohe Basin, China is characterized geochemically to clarify factors that can affect the concentrations and distributions of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds (PNCs) in crude oils. An update on biomarkers in crude oils Updates on mass spectrometry techniques applicable to crude oils