State And Agriculture In Iraq

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State And Agriculture In Iraq

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Author : Kamil A. Mahdi
language : en
Publisher: ISBS
Release Date : 2000

State And Agriculture In Iraq written by Kamil A. Mahdi and has been published by ISBS this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Business & Economics categories.

Prior to the oil booms of the 1950s and the 1970s, Iraq's agriculture experienced many decades of growth, thereby underpinning the development of the modern state and the class structure of the pre-1958 period. This book argues that, by the 1950s, the agricultural sector that had earlier been dynamic and export-oriented was already tending to stagnation before both the early oil boom and the radical land reform of 1958. The sector that had largely relied on renewable natural resources, indigenous technology and customary social organisation had given rise to highly iniquitous income and wealth distribution, and it became associated with an entrenched socio-political structure that resisted reform and failed to raise productivity. Mahdi's analysis of Iraq's pre-oil agriculture forms the background to the main part of this book that deals with the impact on agriculture and the country's economy of the large increases in oil revenues from the early 1950s until the eve of the Iran-Iraq war of 1980-8. The book places the rentier state and the different ways in which oil revenues affect the agricultural sector at the centre of an analysis of economic structure and performance. It offers a new interpretation of the stagnation and subsequent decline of agriculture, and rejects simple readings based on political and administrative failures of the agrarian reform in favour of a more nuanced analysis that also incorporates economic structure, organisation and policy.

The United States Program For Agriculture In Post Invasion Iraq

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Author : Sam Beer
language : en
Publisher: Lulu.com
Release Date : 2017-02

The United States Program For Agriculture In Post Invasion Iraq written by Sam Beer and has been published by Lulu.com this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02 with History categories.

In the wake of the invasion of Iraq in 2003, the United States embarked on the massive project of rebuilding and transforming the agricultural sector in that country. This program was as controversial as the invasion itself, being variously portrayed as the hands-on altruism of Farm Belt army reservists or the neocolonial subjugation of Iraqi farmers to American corporations. Agricultural "development" in Iraq (and simultaneously, in Afghanistan) was conducted differently than previous such projects-largely by contractors rather than USAID employees, and in close coordination with the occupying military forces. While a popular opinion has emerged against the invasion itself, there has been little retrospective discussion about the goals or methods of agricultural aid in Iraq. With close examination of the changes enacted, this book sets out to foster that discussion.

Agriculture In Iraq

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Author : U. S. Department U.S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2015-03-25

Agriculture In Iraq written by U. S. Department U.S. Department of State and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-25 with categories.

Mesopotamia, the ancient land of the "twin rivers" (the Tigris and Euphrates), with its bountiful land, fresh waters, and varying climates, contributed to the human civilization in many ways. The eastern limb of the Fertile Crescent was the cradle of the earliest known civilizations and served as the cultural heart from which the first ideas of sedentary agriculture, domestication of animals, the wheel, writing, and urban development are believed to have diffused westward to the Nile Valley and eastward to the Indus Valley. Since the beginning of recorded time, agriculture has been the primary economic activity of the people of old Mesopotamia and modern-day Iraq. Agriculture was the country's major economic activity in the 1920s; however, its contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP) dropped to 42% in 1981 and 18% in 1990. Even so, 13% of the labor force continues to be engaged in agriculture, more than in any other sector except services. The land area of Iraq is 438,317 km2, with a population of 22.8 m and a population density of 52 per km2. Arable land as percentage of total land is relatively small (12%) and agriculture, in 2001, contributed 6.1% to the GDP. More than half (53%) of the arable land is rainfed, nearly all of it in the northern uplands; however, most of the agricultural production comes from the more intensively cultivated areas of the irrigated plains. In the decade from 1977, Iraq was self sufficient in cereals, and agricultural imports amounted to 22% of total imports. During recent decades, however, Iraq has shifted from net food exporter to food importer. This shift was prompted by several factors, including population increase, a rising standard of living, increased industrialization, migration of farm workers to urban centers, and loss of soil productivity in poorly drained irrigated areas of the south. Increased funding for agricultural research is particularly critical in Iraq. Despite this nation's heavy dependence on agriculture, the public expenditures on research generally total less than 0.5 percent of its agricultural gross domestic product. By comparison, industrialized countries spend 2 to 5 percent.

Review Iraqi Agriculture

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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004

Review Iraqi Agriculture written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Political Science categories.

The Agricultural Economy Of Iraq

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Author : Hugh Charles Treakle
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1965

The Agricultural Economy Of Iraq written by Hugh Charles Treakle and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1965 with Agriculture categories.

Agriculture in Iraq - geographical aspects, system of land tenure and agrarian reform, agricultural products, agricultural machinery, agricultural policy (to develop crops and raise standard of living of rural area population). Rural cooperatives, credit, trade, role of USA (economic aid), role of ILO and UN and specialized agencies. 2 maps. Selected references pp. 72-74.

State And Agriculture In Iraq

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Author : Kamil A. Mahdi
language : ar
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001

State And Agriculture In Iraq written by Kamil A. Mahdi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.

Agricultural Development Programs Of Iran Iraq And Sudan

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Author : Quentin Mecham West
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1958

Agricultural Development Programs Of Iran Iraq And Sudan written by Quentin Mecham West and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1958 with Agriculture categories.

Iraq S Participation In Agricultural Guaranteed Loan Programs

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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993

Iraq S Participation In Agricultural Guaranteed Loan Programs written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Business & Economics categories.

Agricultural Value Chain Study In Iraq

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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2021-02-26

Agricultural Value Chain Study In Iraq written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-26 with Social Science categories.

This report covers the process and results from the value chain analysis conducted on the dates, tomatoes and wheat sector in Iraq. The study presents the results of a cross-national market and gender-sensitive value chain analysis conducted in Iraq – and at different levels of the selected value chains including inputs suppliers, cultivators, harvesters, consolidators, and processors/exporters. The assessment establishes an information base to support the creation of livelihood opportunities in specific subsectors – which will ultimately support domestic food production and economic growth over the long term.

Agriculture In Iraq During The 3rd 9th Century

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Author : Ḥusām Qawām El-Sāmarrāie
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1970

Agriculture In Iraq During The 3rd 9th Century written by Ḥusām Qawām El-Sāmarrāie and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1970 with Agriculture categories.