Statistical Explanation And Statistical Relevance
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Statistical Explanation And Statistical Relevance
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Author : Wesley C. Salmon
language : en
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Pre
Release Date : 2010-11-23
Statistical Explanation And Statistical Relevance written by Wesley C. Salmon and has been published by University of Pittsburgh Pre this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-23 with Philosophy categories.
According to modern physics, many objectively improbable events actually occur, such as the spontaneous disintegration of radioactive atoms. Because of high levels of improbability, scientists are often at a loss to explain such phenomena. In this main essay of this book, Wesley Salmon offers a solution to scientific explanation based on the concept of statistical relevance (the S-R model). In this vein, the other two essays herein discuss "Statistical Relevance vs. Statistical Inference," and "Explanation and Information."
Scientific Explanation
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Author : Philip Kitcher
language : en
Publisher: U of Minnesota Press
Release Date : 1962-05-25
Scientific Explanation written by Philip Kitcher and has been published by U of Minnesota Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1962-05-25 with Science categories.
Scientific Explanation was first published in 1962. Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible, and are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions. Is a new consensus emerging in the philosophy of science? The nine distinguished contributors to this volume apply that question to the realm of scientific explanation and, although their conclusions vary, they agree in one respect: there definitely was an old consensus. Co-editor Wesley Salmon's opening essay, "Four Decades of Scientific Explanation," grounds the entire discussion. His point of departure is the founding document of the old consensus: a 1948 paper by Carl G. Hempel and Paul Oppenheim, "Studies in the Logic of Explanation," that set forth, with remarkable clarity, a mode of argument that came to be known as the deductive-nomological model. This approach, holding that explanation dies not move beyond the sphere of empirical knowledge, remained dominant during the hegemony of logical empiricism from 1950 to 1975. Salmon traces in detail the rise and breakup of the old consensus, and examines the degree to which there is, if not a new consensus, at least a kind of reconciliation on this issue among contemporary philosophers of science and clear agreement that science can indeed tell us why. The other contributors, in the order of their presentations, are: Peter Railton, Matti Sintonen, Paul W. Humphreys, David Papineau, Nancy Cartwright, James Woodward, Merrilee H. Salmon, and Philip Kitcher.
The Cult Of Statistical Significance
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Author : Stephen Thomas Ziliak
language : en
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
Release Date : 2008-02-19
The Cult Of Statistical Significance written by Stephen Thomas Ziliak and has been published by University of Michigan Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-19 with Business & Economics categories.
How the most important statistical method used in many of the sciences doesn't pass the test for basic common sense
The Philosophy Of Science
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Author : Sahotra Sarkar
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2006
The Philosophy Of Science written by Sahotra Sarkar and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Philosophy categories.
The first in-depth reference to the field that combines scientific knowledge with philosophical inquiry, this encyclopedia brings together a team of leading scholars to provide nearly 150 entries on the essential concepts in the philosophy of science. The areas covered include biology, chemistry, epistemology and metaphysics, physics, psychology and mind, the social sciences, and key figures in the combined studies of science and philosophy. (Midwest).
Scientific Explanation And The Causal Structure Of The World
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Author : Wesley C. Salmon
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 1984-12-21
Scientific Explanation And The Causal Structure Of The World written by Wesley C. Salmon and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984-12-21 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
The philosophical theory of scientific explanation proposed here involves a radically new treatment of causality that accords with the pervasively statistical character of contemporary science. Wesley C. Salmon describes three fundamental conceptions of scientific explanation--the epistemic, modal, and ontic. He argues that the prevailing view (a version of the epistemic conception) is untenable and that the modal conception is scientifically out-dated. Significantly revising aspects of his earlier work, he defends a causal/mechanical theory that is a version of the ontic conception. Professor Salmon's theory furnishes a robust argument for scientific realism akin to the argument that convinced twentieth-century physical scientists of the existence of atoms and molecules. To do justice to such notions as irreducibly statistical laws and statistical explanation, he offers a novel account of physical randomness. The transition from the "reviewed view" of scientific explanation (that explanations are arguments) to the causal/mechanical model requires fundamental rethinking of basic explanatory concepts.
Arguing About Science
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Author : Alexander Bird
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013
Arguing About Science written by Alexander Bird and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Philosophy categories.
This title offers a selection of thought-provoking articles that examine a broad range of issues, from the demarcation problem, induction and explanation to contemporary issues such as the relationship between science and race and gender, and science and religion
John Von Neumann And The Foundations Of Quantum Physics
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Author : Miklós Rédei
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
John Von Neumann And The Foundations Of Quantum Physics written by Miklós Rédei and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Science categories.
John von Neumann (1903-1957) was undoubtedly one of the scientific geniuses of the 20th century. The main fields to which he contributed include various disciplines of pure and applied mathematics, mathematical and theoretical physics, logic, theoretical computer science, and computer architecture. Von Neumann was also actively involved in politics and science management and he had a major impact on US government decisions during, and especially after, the Second World War. There exist several popular books on his personality and various collections focusing on his achievements in mathematics, computer science, and economy. Strangely enough, to date no detailed appraisal of his seminal contributions to the mathematical foundations of quantum physics has appeared. Von Neumann's theory of measurement and his critique of hidden variables became the touchstone of most debates in the foundations of quantum mechanics. Today, his name also figures most prominently in the mathematically rigorous branches of contemporary quantum mechanics of large systems and quantum field theory. And finally - as one of his last lectures, published in this volume for the first time, shows - he considered the relation of quantum logic and quantum mechanical probability as his most important problem for the second half of the twentieth century. The present volume embraces both historical and systematic analyses of his methodology of mathematical physics, and of the various aspects of his work in the foundations of quantum physics, such as theory of measurement, quantum logic, and quantum mechanical entropy. The volume is rounded off by previously unpublished letters and lectures documenting von Neumann's thinking about quantum theory after his 1932 Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics. The general part of the Yearbook contains papers emerging from the Institute's annual lecture series and reviews of important publications of philosophy of science and its history.
The Routledge Companion To Twentieth Century Philosophy
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Author : Dermot Moran
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2008-10-27
The Routledge Companion To Twentieth Century Philosophy written by Dermot Moran and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-27 with Philosophy categories.
Featuring twenty-two chapters written by leading international scholars, this major publication covers all the key figures and movements from Frege to Derrida and philosophy of language to feminist philosophy.
Philosophical Papers
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Author : Paul Humphreys
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018-12-21
Philosophical Papers written by Paul Humphreys and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-21 with Science categories.
Paul Humphreys pioneered philosophical investigations into the methodological revolution begun by computer simulations. He has also made important contributions to the contemporary literature on emergence by developing the fusion account of diachronic emergence and its generalization, transformational emergence. He is the discoverer of what has come to be called `Humphreys' Paradox' in probability theory and has also made influential contributions to the literature on probabilistic causality and scientific explanation. This collection contains fourteen of his previously published papers on topics ranging from numerical experiments to the status of scientific metaphysics. There is also a previously unpublished paper on social dynamics. The volume is divided into four parts on, respectively, computational science, emergence, probability, and general philosophy of science. The first part contains the seminal 1990 paper on computer simulations, with three other papers arguing that these new methods cannot be accounted for by traditional methodological approaches. The second part contains the original presentation of fusion emergence and three companion papers arguing for diachronic approaches to the topic, rather than the then dominant synchronic accounts. The third part starts with the paper that introduced the probabilistic paradox followed by a later evaluation of attempts to solve it. A third paper argues, contra Quine, that probability theory is a purely mathematical theory. The final section includes papers on causation, explanation, metaphysics, and an agent-based model that shows how endogenous uncertainty undermines utility maximization. Each of the four parts is followed by a comprehensive postscript with retrospective assessments of each of the papers, replies to some responses, and in some cases elaborations of the original arguments. An introduction to the volume provides a general perspective on unifying themes that run through Humphreys' philosophical work.
Science Explanation And Rationality
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Author : James H. Fetzer
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2000-12-07
Science Explanation And Rationality written by James H. Fetzer and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-12-07 with Philosophy categories.
Carl G. Hempel exerted greater influence upon philosophers of science than any other figure during the 20th century. In this far-reaching collection, distinguished philosophers contribute valuable studies that illuminate and clarify the central problems to which Hempel was devoted. The essays enhance our understanding of the development of logical empiricism as the major intellectual influence for scientifically-oriented philosophers and philosophically-minded scientists of the 20th century.