The Cult Of Statistical Significance

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The Cult Of Statistical Significance

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Author : Stephen Thomas Ziliak
language : en
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
Release Date : 2008-02-19

The Cult Of Statistical Significance written by Stephen Thomas Ziliak and has been published by University of Michigan Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-19 with Business & Economics categories.

How the most important statistical method used in many of the sciences doesn't pass the test for basic common sense

How To Be Human

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Author : Deirdre N. McCloskey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000

How To Be Human written by Deirdre N. McCloskey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Business & Economics categories.

A witty and thoughtful romp through the profession and practice of economics

Uncertainty

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Author : William Briggs
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-07-15

Uncertainty written by William Briggs and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-15 with Mathematics categories.

This book presents a philosophical approach to probability and probabilistic thinking, considering the underpinnings of probabilistic reasoning and modeling, which effectively underlie everything in data science. The ultimate goal is to call into question many standard tenets and lay the philosophical and probabilistic groundwork and infrastructure for statistical modeling. It is the first book devoted to the philosophy of data aimed at working scientists and calls for a new consideration in the practice of probability and statistics to eliminate what has been referred to as the "Cult of Statistical Significance." The book explains the philosophy of these ideas and not the mathematics, though there are a handful of mathematical examples. The topics are logically laid out, starting with basic philosophy as related to probability, statistics, and science, and stepping through the key probabilistic ideas and concepts, and ending with statistical models. Its jargon-free approach asserts that standard methods, such as out-of-the-box regression, cannot help in discovering cause. This new way of looking at uncertainty ties together disparate fields — probability, physics, biology, the “soft” sciences, computer science — because each aims at discovering cause (of effects). It broadens the understanding beyond frequentist and Bayesian methods to propose a Third Way of modeling.

Economics Of Good And Evil

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Author : Tomas Sedlacek
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2011-07-01

Economics Of Good And Evil written by Tomas Sedlacek and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-01 with Business & Economics categories.

Tomas Sedlacek has shaken the study of economics as few ever have. Named one of the "Young Guns" and one of the "five hot minds in economics" by the Yale Economic Review, he serves on the National Economic Council in Prague, where his provocative writing has achieved bestseller status. How has he done it? By arguing a simple, almost heretical proposition: economics is ultimately about good and evil. In The Economics of Good and Evil, Sedlacek radically rethinks his field, challenging our assumptions about the world. Economics is touted as a science, a value-free mathematical inquiry, he writes, but it's actually a cultural phenomenon, a product of our civilization. It began within philosophy--Adam Smith himself not only wrote The Wealth of Nations, but also The Theory of Moral Sentiments--and economics, as Sedlacek shows, is woven out of history, myth, religion, and ethics. "Even the most sophisticated mathematical model," Sedlacek writes, "is, de facto, a story, a parable, our effort to (rationally) grasp the world around us." Economics not only describes the world, but establishes normative standards, identifying ideal conditions. Science, he claims, is a system of beliefs to which we are committed. To grasp the beliefs underlying economics, he breaks out of the field's confines with a tour de force exploration of economic thinking, broadly defined, over the millennia. He ranges from the epic of Gilgamesh and the Old Testament to the emergence of Christianity, from Descartes and Adam Smith to the consumerism in Fight Club. Throughout, he asks searching meta-economic questions: What is the meaning and the point of economics? Can we do ethically all that we can do technically? Does it pay to be good? Placing the wisdom of philosophers and poets over strict mathematical models of human behavior, Sedlacek's groundbreaking work promises to change the way we calculate economic value.

Comparison Of Statistical Experiments

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Author : Erik Torgersen
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1991-03-14

Comparison Of Statistical Experiments written by Erik Torgersen and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-03-14 with Business & Economics categories.

There are a number of important questions associated with statistical experiments: when does one given experiment yield more information than another; how can we measure the difference in information; how fast does information accumulate by repeating the experiment? The means of answering such questions has emerged from the work of Wald, Blackwell, LeCam and others and is based on the ideas of risk and deficiency. The present work which is devoted to the various methods of comparing statistical experiments, is essentially self-contained, requiring only some background in measure theory and functional analysis. Chapters introducing statistical experiments and the necessary convex analysis begin the book and are followed by others on game theory, decision theory and vector lattices. The notion of deficiency, which measures the difference in information between two experiments, is then introduced. The relation between it and other concepts, such as sufficiency, randomisation, distance, ordering, equivalence, completeness and convergence are explored. This is a comprehensive treatment of the subject and will be an essential reference for mathematical statisticians.

Probability Theory And Statistical Inference

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Author : Aris Spanos
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2019-09-19

Probability Theory And Statistical Inference written by Aris Spanos and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-19 with Business & Economics categories.

This empirical research methods course enables informed implementation of statistical procedures, giving rise to trustworthy evidence.

Statistical Significance

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Author : Siu L Chow
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 1996

Statistical Significance written by Siu L Chow and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Social Science categories.

This comprehensive and accessible book provides an overview of the central and most fundamental methodological issue for empirical researchers - how should we interpret statistical significance? Beginning with a thorough introduction to null-hypothesis testing and statistical significance, the book then advances the arguments for and against the current interpretations and the use of significance testing in research. Siu L Chow presents a coherent challenge to contemporary criticisms of significance testing and offers a substantial and thought-provoking contribution to the debate on the proper role of statistical significance in empirical research.

Bernoulli S Fallacy

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Author : Aubrey Clayton
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2021-08-03

Bernoulli S Fallacy written by Aubrey Clayton and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-03 with Mathematics categories.

There is a logical flaw in the statistical methods used across experimental science. This fault is not a minor academic quibble: it underlies a reproducibility crisis now threatening entire disciplines. In an increasingly statistics-reliant society, this same deeply rooted error shapes decisions in medicine, law, and public policy with profound consequences. The foundation of the problem is a misunderstanding of probability and its role in making inferences from observations. Aubrey Clayton traces the history of how statistics went astray, beginning with the groundbreaking work of the seventeenth-century mathematician Jacob Bernoulli and winding through gambling, astronomy, and genetics. Clayton recounts the feuds among rival schools of statistics, exploring the surprisingly human problems that gave rise to the discipline and the all-too-human shortcomings that derailed it. He highlights how influential nineteenth- and twentieth-century figures developed a statistical methodology they claimed was purely objective in order to silence critics of their political agendas, including eugenics. Clayton provides a clear account of the mathematics and logic of probability, conveying complex concepts accessibly for readers interested in the statistical methods that frame our understanding of the world. He contends that we need to take a Bayesian approach—that is, to incorporate prior knowledge when reasoning with incomplete information—in order to resolve the crisis. Ranging across math, philosophy, and culture, Bernoulli’s Fallacy explains why something has gone wrong with how we use data—and how to fix it.

Understanding The New Statistics

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Author : Geoff Cumming
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-06-19

Understanding The New Statistics written by Geoff Cumming and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-19 with Psychology categories.

This is the first book to introduce the new statistics - effect sizes, confidence intervals, and meta-analysis - in an accessible way. It is chock full of practical examples and tips on how to analyze and report research results using these techniques. The book is invaluable to readers interested in meeting the new APA Publication Manual guidelines by adopting the new statistics - which are more informative than null hypothesis significance testing, and becoming widely used in many disciplines. Accompanying the book is the Exploratory Software for Confidence Intervals (ESCI) package, free software that runs under Excel and is accessible at www.thenewstatistics.com. The book’s exercises use ESCI's simulations, which are highly visual and interactive, to engage users and encourage exploration. Working with the simulations strengthens understanding of key statistical ideas. There are also many examples, and detailed guidance to show readers how to analyze their own data using the new statistics, and practical strategies for interpreting the results. A particular strength of the book is its explanation of meta-analysis, using simple diagrams and examples. Understanding meta-analysis is increasingly important, even at undergraduate levels, because medicine, psychology and many other disciplines now use meta-analysis to assemble the evidence needed for evidence-based practice. The book’s pedagogical program, built on cognitive science principles, reinforces learning: Boxes provide "evidence-based" advice on the most effective statistical techniques. Numerous examples reinforce learning, and show that many disciplines are using the new statistics. Graphs are tied in with ESCI to make important concepts vividly clear and memorable. Opening overviews and end of chapter take-home messages summarize key points. Exercises encourage exploration, deep understanding, and practical applications. This highly accessible book is intended as the core text for any course that emphasizes the new statistics, or as a supplementary text for graduate and/or advanced undergraduate courses in statistics and research methods in departments of psychology, education, human development , nursing, and natural, social, and life sciences. Researchers and practitioners interested in understanding the new statistics, and future published research, will also appreciate this book. A basic familiarity with introductory statistics is assumed.

The Cult Of Smart

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Author : Fredrik deBoer
language : en
Publisher: Macmillan + ORM
Release Date : 2020-08-04

The Cult Of Smart written by Fredrik deBoer and has been published by Macmillan + ORM this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-04 with Education categories.

Named one of Vulture’s Top 10 Best Books of 2020! Leftist firebrand Fredrik deBoer exposes the lie at the heart of our educational system and demands top-to-bottom reform. Everyone agrees that education is the key to creating a more just and equal world, and that our schools are broken and failing. Proposed reforms variously target incompetent teachers, corrupt union practices, or outdated curricula, but no one acknowledges a scientifically-proven fact that we all understand intuitively: Academic potential varies between individuals, and cannot be dramatically improved. In The Cult of Smart, educator and outspoken leftist Fredrik deBoer exposes this omission as the central flaw of our entire society, which has created and perpetuated an unjust class structure based on intellectual ability. Since cognitive talent varies from person to person, our education system can never create equal opportunity for all. Instead, it teaches our children that hierarchy and competition are natural, and that human value should be based on intelligence. These ideas are counter to everything that the left believes, but until they acknowledge the existence of individual cognitive differences, progressives remain complicit in keeping the status quo in place. This passionate, voice-driven manifesto demands that we embrace a new goal for education: equality of outcomes. We must create a world that has a place for everyone, not just the academically talented. But we’ll never achieve this dream until the Cult of Smart is destroyed.