Statistical Significance
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The Cult Of Statistical Significance
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Author : Stephen Thomas Ziliak
language : en
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
Release Date : 2008-02-19
The Cult Of Statistical Significance written by Stephen Thomas Ziliak and has been published by University of Michigan Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-19 with Business & Economics categories.
How the most important statistical method used in many of the sciences doesn't pass the test for basic common sense
Statistical Significance
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Author : Siu L Chow
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 1996
Statistical Significance written by Siu L Chow and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Social Science categories.
This comprehensive and accessible book provides an overview of the central and most fundamental methodological issue for empirical researchers - how should we interpret statistical significance? Beginning with a thorough introduction to null-hypothesis testing and statistical significance, the book then advances the arguments for and against the current interpretations and the use of significance testing in research. Siu L Chow presents a coherent challenge to contemporary criticisms of significance testing and offers a substantial and thought-provoking contribution to the debate on the proper role of statistical significance in empirical research.
Statistical Significance Testing For Natural Language Processing
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Author : Rotem Dror
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-01
Statistical Significance Testing For Natural Language Processing written by Rotem Dror and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-01 with Computers categories.
Data-driven experimental analysis has become the main evaluation tool of Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithms. In fact, in the last decade, it has become rare to see an NLP paper, particularly one that proposes a new algorithm, that does not include extensive experimental analysis, and the number of involved tasks, datasets, domains, and languages is constantly growing. This emphasis on empirical results highlights the role of statistical significance testing in NLP research: If we, as a community, rely on empirical evaluation to validate our hypotheses and reveal the correct language processing mechanisms, we better be sure that our results are not coincidental. The goal of this book is to discuss the main aspects of statistical significance testing in NLP. Our guiding assumption throughout the book is that the basic question NLP researchers and engineers deal with is whether or not one algorithm can be considered better than another one. This question drivesthe field forward as it allows the constant progress of developing better technology for language processing challenges. In practice, researchers and engineers would like to draw the right conclusion from a limited set of experiments, and this conclusion should hold for other experiments with datasets they do not have at their disposal or that they cannot perform due to limited time and resources. The book hence discusses the opportunities and challenges in using statistical significance testing in NLP, from the point of view of experimental comparison between two algorithms. We cover topics such as choosing an appropriate significance test for the major NLP tasks, dealing with the unique aspects of significance testing for non-convex deep neural networks, accounting for a large number of comparisons between two NLP algorithms in a statistically valid manner (multiple hypothesis testing), and, finally, the unique challenges yielded by the nature of the data and practices of the field.
Statistical Significance And The Phc Curve
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Author : Hideki Toyoda
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-10-28
Statistical Significance And The Phc Curve written by Hideki Toyoda and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-10-28 with Social Science categories.
This book explains the importance of using the probability that the hypothesis is correct (PHC), an intuitive measure that anyone can understand, as an alternative to the p-value. In order to overcome the “reproducibility crisis” caused by the misuse of significance tests, this book provides a detailed explanation of the mechanism of p-hacking using significance tests, and concretely shows the merits of PHC as an alternative to p-values. In March 2019, two impactful papers on statistics were published. One paper, "Moving to a World Beyond ‘p 0.05’”, was featured in the scholarly journal emThe American Statistician/em, overseen by the American Statistical Association. The title of the first chapter is “Don't Say ‘Statistically Significant’”, and it uses the imperative form to clearly forbid the use of significance testing. Another paper, “Retire statistical significance”, was published in the prestigious scientific journal emNature/em. This commentary was endorsed by more than 800 scientists, advocating for the statement, “We agree, and call for the entire concept of statistical significance to be abandoned.” Consider a study comparing the duration of hospital stays between treatments A and B. Previously, research conclusions were typically stated as: “There was a statistically significant difference at the 5% level in the average duration of hospital stays.” This phrasing is quite abstract. Instead, we present the following conclusion as an example: (1) The average duration of hospital stays for Group A is at least half a day shorter than for Group B. (2) 71% of patients in Group A have shorter hospital stays than the average for Group B. (3) Group A has an average hospital stay that is, on average, no more than 94% of that of Group B. Then, the probability that the expression is correct is shown. That is the PHC curve.
Social Statistics
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Author : Thomas J. Linneman
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-10-12
Social Statistics written by Thomas J. Linneman and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-12 with Social Science categories.
With a clear and engaging writing style and strong examples from the real world, this text covers current statistical techniques at an introductory level and emphasizes the clear presentation of results to a variety of audiences, making the course more useful to students and their careers. Interconnection features among chapters help students understand how all of the techniques fit together. Using varied data sets, the text features a highly rated companion website that includes videos of the author offering step-by-step explanations of how to carry out the techniques, interpret the results, and present them to varied audiences. NEW TO THIS EDITION More inter-chapter connections have been added to improve students’ conceptual learning. Several examples (on immigration, health, and civil rights) now permeate the text for easy comparison of techniques across chapters. The section on managing data is considerably expanded to cover topics such as finding new sources of data, dealing with missing data, and how to combine data reliably. Very current examples from the scholarly literature from criminology, education, and health show how researchers use each chapter’s techniques to tell compelling stories. Instructors can choose from a variety of greatly expanded materials to enhance their lectures: engaging animations of key concepts; dynamic demonstrations of how statistics change in line with the data; short lectures on difficult-to-explain topics; and in-class exercises that will help students learn how to make sense of statistical results.
Introductory Biostatistics
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Author : Chap T. Le
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2003-05-13
Introductory Biostatistics written by Chap T. Le and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-05-13 with Mathematics categories.
Provides many real-data sets in various fields in the form of examples at at the end of all twelve chapters in the form of exercises. Covers all of the nuts and bolts of biostatistics in a user-friendly style that motivates readers. Contains notes on computations at the end of most chapters, covering the use of Excel, SAS, and others.
Research In Organizations
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Author : Richard A. Swanson
language : en
Publisher: Berrett-Koehler Publishers
Release Date : 2005-07-01
Research In Organizations written by Richard A. Swanson and has been published by Berrett-Koehler Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-07-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Richard A. Swanson and Elwood F. Holton, leading scholars in the field, bring together contributions from more than twenty distinguished researchers from multiple disciplines to provide a comprehensive introductory textbook on organizational research. Designed for use by professors and students in graduate-level programs in business, management, organizational leadership, and human resource development, Research in Organizations teaches how to apply a range of methodolgies to the study of organizations. This comprehensive guide covers the theoretical foundations of various research methods, shows how to apply those methods in organizational settings, and examines the ethical conduct of research. It provides a holistic perspective, embracing quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methodology approaches and illuminating them through numerous illustrative examples.
Lean And Mean Process Improvement
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Author : Walter McIntyre
language : en
Publisher: Walter McIntyre
Release Date : 2009-09-24
Lean And Mean Process Improvement written by Walter McIntyre and has been published by Walter McIntyre this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-24 with Business & Economics categories.
Lean and Mean Process Improvement is a straight forward presentation of the tools of process improvement. It touches on market analysis, team building, easy to use graphical tools and easy to understand explanations of statistical tools. This approach is not by accident. Process improvement has too long been focused on corporate wide roll-outs and “quality programs”. That approach to improving business performance is based more upon words than deeds, more upon supervision than leadership. Lean and Mean Process Improvement is written to be used by people at the cubicle and office level. This bottom-up approach will help senior management to understand processes “out on the floor” and how they impact the customer chain all the way to the end user.The author wants one very important concept to evolve from this book. Process improvement can and should be fun and satisfying. So let's get started! Note from the author.I have been involved in process improvement for over 15 years. My experience gives me a unique perspective on how to import process improvement into an organization's culture in a way that will stick. This book is designed to help the individual improve their margin at the office, cubicle, and departmental level. As we all know, these are the locations where the rubber meets the road. Good luck and have fun.
Modern Epidemiology
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Author : Kenneth J. Rothman
language : en
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Release Date : 2008
Modern Epidemiology written by Kenneth J. Rothman and has been published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Medical categories.
The thoroughly revised and updated Third Edition of the acclaimed Modern Epidemiology reflects both the conceptual development of this evolving science and the increasingly focal role that epidemiology plays in dealing with public health and medical problems. Coauthored by three leading epidemiologists, with sixteen additional contributors, this Third Edition is the most comprehensive and cohesive text on the principles and methods of epidemiologic research. The book covers a broad range of concepts and methods, such as basic measures of disease frequency and associations, study design, field methods, threats to validity, and assessing precision. It also covers advanced topics in data analysis such as Bayesian analysis, bias analysis, and hierarchical regression. Chapters examine specific areas of research such as disease surveillance, ecologic studies, social epidemiology, infectious disease epidemiology, genetic and molecular epidemiology, nutritional epidemiology, environmental epidemiology, reproductive epidemiology, and clinical epidemiology.
Exercising Essential Statistics
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Author : Evan Berman
language : en
Publisher: CQ Press
Release Date : 2016-12-30
Exercising Essential Statistics written by Evan Berman and has been published by CQ Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-30 with Political Science categories.
Through the use of critical thinking questions and data-based exercises, Evan Berman and Xiaohu Wang’s Exercising Essential Statistics helps students apply the techniques described in Essential Statistics for Public Managers and Policy Analysts, Fourth Edition. This accompanying workbook gives students the opportunity to practice these techniques through hands-on, carefully crafted exercises. Various examples are provided from human resource management, organizational behavior, budgeting, and public policy to illustrate how public administrators interact with and analyze data. The workbook's CD includes seven data sets that cover a range of measures and applications (available in SPSS, SAS, SYSTAT, Stata, and Excel).