Statistical Methods For Environmental Mixtures
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Statistical Methods For Environmental Mixtures
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Author : Andrea Bellavia
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2025-01-27
Statistical Methods For Environmental Mixtures written by Andrea Bellavia and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-01-27 with Medical categories.
This book provides a comprehensive introduction to statistical approaches for the assessment of complex environmental exposures, such as pollutants and chemical mixtures, within the exposome framework. Environmental mixtures are defined as groups of 3 or more chemical/pollutants, simultaneously present in nature, consumer products, or in the human body. Assessing the health effects of environmental mixtures poses several methodological challenges due to the high levels of correlation that are often present between environmental chemicals, and by the need of incorporating flexible non-additive and non-linear effects that can capture and describe the complex mechanisms by which environmental exposure contribute to diseases. Several statistical approaches are proposed and discussed, including the application of regression-based approaches (e.g. penalized regression such as LASSO and elastic net, or Bayesian variable selection) for environmental exposures, and novel methods (e.g. weighted quantile sum regression, or Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression) that account for specific complexities of environmental exposures. More recent efforts included are the application of machine learning approaches (e.g. gradient boosting) for environmental data. Statistical Methods for Environmental Mixtures describes the statistical challenges that commonly arise when dealing with environmental exposures and provides an introduction to different statistical approaches for such data. Over the last decade, substantial efforts have been made to transition the statistical framework for environmental exposures in epidemiologic studies from a single-chemical/pollutant to a multi-chemicals/pollutants approach. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to this modern multi-chemicals/pollutants framework. Emphasis is given to interpretability, discussing issues with causal interpretation and translation of scientific finding when applying the discussed statistical approaches for complex environmental exposures. The target audience includes researchers in environmental epidemiology and applied statisticians working in the field. As such, while rigorously presenting the statistical methodologies, the book keeps an applied focus, discussing those settings where each method is appropriate for use and for which question it can be applied, providing examples of accurate presentation and interpretation from the literature, including a basic introduction to R packages and tutorials, as well as discussing assumptions and practical challenges when applying these techniques on real data.
Short Term Bioassays In The Analysis Of Complex Environmental Mixtures Iii
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Author : Michael D. Waters
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Short Term Bioassays In The Analysis Of Complex Environmental Mixtures Iii written by Michael D. Waters and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
In the four years since the 1978 Symposium on the Application of Short-Term Bioassays in the Fractionation and Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures the use of short-term bioassays to evaluate potential health hazards of complex environmental mixtures has substantially increased. Increased research activity has been particularly noticeable in mobile source emissions, where initial observations on the mutagenic activity of diesel particulate extracts reported at the 1978 symposium stimulated the development of major research programs in government and industry. In the absence of appropriate reference materials, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency initiated comparative genotoxicity studies to determine the relative mutagenic and carcinogenic activity and, ultimately, the potential human health risk due to exposure to various complex emission products. Among the materials investigated were those of known health risk, such as coke oven and roofing tar emissions and cigarette smoke condensates, and those of unknown hazard, such as exhaust from diesel-and gasoline-powered vehicles. Studies on diesel emission products proved useful in short term bioassay development, as the diesel exhaust extracts were genetically active with low cellular toxicity and could be obtained in relatively large quantities. Availability of such samples aided chemical characterization, and it was eventually determined that the nitro-polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons were among the mutagenic components of diesel exhaust particulate.
Symposium Proceedings
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Symposium Proceedings written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Coastal ecology categories.
Short Term Bioassays In The Analysis Of Complex Environmental Mixtures Iv
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Author : Michael Waters
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Short Term Bioassays In The Analysis Of Complex Environmental Mixtures Iv written by Michael Waters and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Science categories.
With this proceedings of the fourth symposium on complex mixtures, we continue to revise and extend our knowledge of genetic methods for the evaluation of chemical mixtures in the environment. The early chapters of this volume are devoted to new bioassay techniques that are directly applicable to the monitoring of environments contaminated with genotoxic chemicals. Microbiological methods have been further refined to meet the special needs of atmospheric monitoring so that very small samples may now be efficiently tested. New in situ methods utilizing green plants actually avoid many of the usual difficulties of sample collection and preparation and offer special advantages in monitoring wastewater, sludges, and hazardous wastes. Insects also are being employed very effectively in the evaluation of gaseous air pollutants in controlled laboratory investigations. Increased emphasis has been placed on a comprehensive assessment of the potential of complex mixtures t9 cause various kinds of genetic damage. New assays for chromosome structural and numerical aberrations in mammalian cells in vitro have been developed and are being applied in laboratory studies. Efforts to link tests for gene mutation and cell transformation in vitro with assays for tumorigenesis in vivo are contributing to the validation of the short-term testing approach. Studies comparing in vitro and in vivo data on a coal conversion by-product, on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and on mineral fibers are reported in separate papers. Later chapters are devoted to investigations on the fractionation and biological evaluation of specific chemical components within complex mixtures.
Statistical Analysis Of Ecotoxicity Studies
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Author : John W. Green
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2018-07-04
Statistical Analysis Of Ecotoxicity Studies written by John W. Green and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-04 with Science categories.
A guide to the issues relevant to the design, analysis, and interpretation of toxicity studies that examine chemicals for use in the environment Statistical Analysis of Ecotoxicity Studies offers a guide to the design, analysis, and interpretation of a range of experiments that are used to assess the toxicity of chemicals. While the book highlights ecotoxicity studies, the methods presented are applicable to the broad range of toxicity studies. The text contains myriad datasets (from laboratory and field research) that clearly illustrate the book's topics. The datasets reveal the techniques, pitfalls, and precautions derived from these studies. The text includes information on recently developed methods for the analysis of severity scores and other ordered responses, as well as extensive power studies of competing tests and computer simulation studies of regression models that offer an understanding of the sensitivity (or lack thereof) of various methods and the quality of parameter estimates from regression models. The authors also discuss the regulatory process indicating how test guidelines are developed and review the statistical methodology in current or pending OECD and USEPA ecotoxicity guidelines. This important guide: Offers the information needed for the design and analysis to a wide array of ecotoxicity experiments and to the development of international test guidelines used to assess the toxicity of chemicals Contains a thorough examination of the statistical issues that arise in toxicity studies, especially ecotoxicity Includes an introduction to toxicity experiments and statistical analysis basics Includes programs in R and excel Covers the analysis of continuous and Quantal data, analysis of data as well as Regulatory Issues Presents additional topics (Mesocosm and Microplate experiments, mixtures of chemicals, benchmark dose models, and limit tests) as well as software Written for directors, scientists, regulators, and technicians, Statistical Analysis of Ecotoxicity Studies provides a sound understanding of the technical and practical issues in designing, analyzing, and interpreting toxicity studies to support or challenge chemicals for use in the environment.
Chemical Mixtures And Combined Chemical And Nonchemical Stressors
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Author : Cynthia V. Rider
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-02-16
Chemical Mixtures And Combined Chemical And Nonchemical Stressors written by Cynthia V. Rider and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-16 with Medical categories.
In this book, both basic and advanced concepts are discussed for considering mixtures from initial exposure characterization through evaluation of risk associated with combined exposures. This book will provide an introduction to key issues and multiple options for evaluating both the toxicity of mixtures as well as the risk associated with exposure to mixtures. Additionally, promising tools adapted from other disciplines will be discussed in the context of mixtures toxicology and risk assessment. Finally, the discussion will move beyond chemical mixtures to address incorporating non-chemical stressors into toxicity studies and cumulative risk assessments. Although exposure to multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors is the rule, not the exception, consideration of mixtures in toxicology and risk assessment continues to be a significant challenge. This book will be an essential resource for researchers and professionals in the fields of toxicology, epidemiology, exposure science, risk assessment, and statistics.
Computer Assisted Analysis Of Mixtures And Applications
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Author : Dankmar Böhning
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1999
Computer Assisted Analysis Of Mixtures And Applications written by Dankmar Böhning and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Mathematics categories.
Review recent developments in the area of computer assisted analysis of mixture distributions. Beside developments in theory & algorithms, Computer Assisted Analysis of Mixtures focuses on developments in biometric applications, such as meta-analysis, disease mapping, fertility studies, estimation of prevalence under clustering, & estimation of the distribution of survival time under interval-censoring. The approach is nonparametric for the mixing distribution, including leaving the number of components of the mixing distribution unknown.
Environmental Contaminants And Endocrine Health
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Author : Oliana Carnevali
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2023-05-30
Environmental Contaminants And Endocrine Health written by Oliana Carnevali and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-30 with Medical categories.
Environmental Contaminants and Endocrine Health focuses specifically on contaminants with hormonal disrupting activities. The book provides insights into the multiple effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and their mechanism of action (MoA) on metabolism, reproduction and the multiple physiological roles of the endocannabinoid system which has recently been indicated as new target. The content systematically covers EDC sources and effects, EDCs as sources of disease and health impairment in laboratory models, EDCs as the cause of disease and health impairment in humans and wild species, and the removal of hazardous pollutants from wastewaters to highlight intervention, mitigation and adaptation for reduced threat. This content will be a foundational resource for academic and research staff in endocrinology and hormone toxicology as well as for professors, researchers and students in these areas. - Includes important foundational coverage of the endocrine system, definitions of EDC sources and descriptions, model examples and mechanisms of action biological effects - Provides coverage of EDC effects in humans and animals, from metabolic alterations to epidemiological studies of fertility and metabolism - Presents insights into the confirmed and suspected human diseases spectrum with origins linked to EDC exposure, including cancers, intellectual disabilities, autism, birth defects of the urethra (hypospadias), decreased sperm count, increased rates of miscarriage, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and more
Toxicology Of Chemical Mixtures
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Author : Raymond S.H. Yang
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Toxicology Of Chemical Mixtures written by Raymond S.H. Yang and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Science categories.
Although toxicologic studies in the laboratory often focus on a single chemical, in the larger world, mixtures of chemicals are routinely encountered. Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures examines the mechanisms of interactions and health effects stemming from chemical mixtures in the environment. Toxicologists, pharmacologists, environmental scientists, and professionals involved in environmental clean-ups will benefit from its content. Emphasis is on low-level, long-term exposure.Some of the issues addressed include - Target organ toxicities in response to chemical mixture exposures - Risk assessment and experimental approaches - Case studies and special pollution problems - Special pollution problems
Environmental Impacts On Women S Health Disparities And Reproductive Health Advancing Environmental Health Equity In Clinical And Public Health Practice
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Author : Darlene Dixon
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-11-07
Environmental Impacts On Women S Health Disparities And Reproductive Health Advancing Environmental Health Equity In Clinical And Public Health Practice written by Darlene Dixon and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-11-07 with Medical categories.
On April 27-28, 2022, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) hosted a workshop to examine the effects of chemical and non-chemical stressors on maternal and fetal adverse health outcomes, discuss diseases specific to women and individuals assigned female at birth, and to assess the role of racial and ethnic disparities in environmental exposures. The concepts of early and lifetime exposures and the correlation between socioeconomic status, hazardous exposures, and communities of color were explored with a focus on the synergistic impacts on women’s health. Current research and knowledge gaps in the context of environmental exposures and women’s reproductive health disparities were examined. This Research Topic reflects the work presented at the NIEHS 2-day workshop or work suggesting critical ways to advance environmental health disparities and women’s reproductive health research, or environmental health equity in public health and clinical practice.