Stem Cells And Progenitor Cells In Ischemic Stroke Fashion Or Future
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Stem Cells And Progenitor Cells In Ischemic Stroke Fashion Or Future
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Author : Thorsten R. Doeppner
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-01-15
Stem Cells And Progenitor Cells In Ischemic Stroke Fashion Or Future written by Thorsten R. Doeppner and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-15 with Electronic book categories.
Stroke remains one of the most devastating diseases in industrialized countries. Recanalization of the occluded arterial vessel using thrombolysis is the only causal therapy available. However, thrombolysis is limited due to severe side effects and a limited time window. As such, only a minority of patients receives this kind of therapy, showing a need for new and innovative treatment strategies. Although neuroprotective drugs have been shown to be beneficial in a variety of experimental stroke models, they ultimately failed in clinical trials. Consequently, recent scientific focus has been put on modulation of post-ischemic neuroregeneration, either via stimulation of endogenous neurogenesis or via application of exogenous stem cells or progenitor cells. Neurogenesis persists within the adult brain of both rodents and primates. As such, neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are found within distinct niches like the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. Cerebral ischemia stimulates these astrocyte-like progenitor cells, upon which NPCs proliferate and migrate towards the site of lesion. There, NPCs partly differentiate into mature neurons, without significantly being integrated into the residing neural network. Rather, the majority of new-born cells dies within the first weeks post-stroke, leaving post-ischemic neurogenesis a phenomenon of unknown biological significance. Since NPCs do not replace lost brain tissue, beneficial effects observed in some studies after either stimulated or protected neurogenesis are generally contributed to indirect effects of these new-born cells. The precise identification of appropriated cellular mediators, however, is still elusive. How do these mediators work? Are they soluble factors or maybe even vesicular structures emanating from NPCs? What are the cues that guide NPCs towards the ischemic lesion site? How can post-ischemic neurogenesis be stimulated? How can the poor survival of NPCs be increased? In order to support post-ischemic neurogenesis, a variety of research groups have focused on application of exogenous stem/progenitor cells from various tissue sources. Among these, cultivated NPCs from the SVZ and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the bone marrow are frequently administered after induction of stroke. Although neuroprotection after delivery of stem/progenitor cells has been shown in various experimental stroke models, transplanted cells are usually not integrated in the neural network. Again, the vast amount of grafted cells dies or does not reach its target despite profound neuroprotection, also suggesting indirect paracrine effects as the cause of neuroprotection. Yet, the factors being responsible for these observations are under debate and still have to be addressed. Is there any “optimal” cell type for transplantation? How can the resistance of grafted cells against a non-favorable extracellular milieu be increased? What are the molecules that are vital for interaction between grafted cells and endogenous NPCs? The present research topic seeks to answer - at least in part - some of the aforementioned questions. Although the research topic predominantly focuses on experimental studies (and reviews alike), a current outlook towards clinical relevance is given as well.
Translational Research In Stroke
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Author : Paul A. Lapchak
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-12-20
Translational Research In Stroke written by Paul A. Lapchak and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-20 with Medical categories.
This book mainly discusses the current status of stroke transnational research and allows the reader to understand the interplay of common comorbidities in the stroke population such as diabetes and hypertension, and provides insight into stroke targets to promote cell survival, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and most importantly, functional recovery after stroke. Throughout the world, stroke is still a leading cause of mortality and morbidity; each year approximately 15 million people worldwide suffer from stroke. Stroke is now the leading cause of death and disability in China. Large communities of stroke survivors are eagerly awaiting scientific advances in transnational stroke research that would offer neuroprotective therapeutics for acute stroke management, or rehabilitation and regenerative strategies utilizing novel stem cell-based approaches. While research is ongoing, the Editors have compiled this volume to help the further understanding of the pathophysiology of stroke and to review and identify future potential biomarkers. The book is written for students, researchers and physicians in neurosciences, neurology and neuroradiology.
Cellular And Molecular Approaches To Regeneration And Repair
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Author : Paul A. Lapchak
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-08-29
Cellular And Molecular Approaches To Regeneration And Repair written by Paul A. Lapchak and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-29 with Medical categories.
This book discusses recent advances in the field of translational stroke research. The editors have designed the book to provide new insight into the importance of regeneration and repair mechanisms for stroke victims. The editors have brought together a talented group of international stroke researchers and clinicians to contribute to this volume, which is written for students, researchers and physicians in biotechnology, neurosciences, neurology, neuroradiology and neurosurgery. Throughout the world, stroke is still a leading cause of mortality and morbidity; there are 152,000 strokes in the United Kingdom, 62,000 in Canada, and approximately 15 million people worldwide. Large communities of stroke survivors are eagerly awaiting scientific advances in translational stroke research related to regeneration and recovery of function that would offer new therapeutics for rehabilitation and regeneration utilizing novel stem cell and molecular-based approaches. This volume will allow the reader to undersnd the future of stroke treatment from its inception in the laboratory through to clinical trial design. The reader will learn about the recent advances made in these areas related to basic and applied stroke research and their translational potential. Dr. Paul A. Lapchak is Professor of Neurology and Director of Translational Research in the Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles CA, USA. Dr. Lapchak is an internationally recognized expert conducting translational drug development research for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Dr. John H. Zhang is Professor of Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery, Neurology, and Physiology, and Director, Center for Neuroscience Research at Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA. Dr. Zhang is an internationally recognized expert working on drug development for hemorrhagic stroke.
Functional Neural Transplantation
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Author : Stephen B. Dunnett
language : en
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Release Date : 1994
Functional Neural Transplantation written by Stephen B. Dunnett and has been published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Medical categories.
Stem Cells In Aesthetic Procedures
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Author : Melvin A. Shiffman
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-07-21
Stem Cells In Aesthetic Procedures written by Melvin A. Shiffman and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-21 with Medical categories.
Interest in the use of stem cells in aesthetic procedures has been increasing rapidly, reflecting the widespread acknowledgment of the tremendous potential of stem cell fat transfer. This is, however, the first book to be devoted entirely to the subject. The book opens by reviewing the history of the development of pluripotent stem cells and the results of research into the biochemistry and physiology of stem cells. Adipose tissue anatomy and survival are discussed and the wide range of aesthetic procedures involving stem cell fat transfer are then described in detail. These procedures relate to the face, breast, buttocks, legs, hands, penis and Poland syndrome. In addition, potential risks and complications are identified. The book has been written by leading experts and will be an invaluable source of information for students, beginners and experienced surgeons in a range of specialties.
Neuroinflammation In Stroke
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Author : Ulrich Dirnagl
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Neuroinflammation In Stroke written by Ulrich Dirnagl and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Medical categories.
The successful treatment of acute stroke remains one of the major challenges in clinical medicine. Over the last decades, the understanding of stroke pathophysiology has greatly improved, while the therapeutic options in stroke therapy remain very limited. Today, hyperacute mechanisms of damage, such as excitotoxicity, can be discriminated from delayed ones, such as inflammation and apoptosis. Targeting of inflammation has already been successfully applied in various stroke models, but translation into a clinically efficacious strategy has not been achieved so far. In this book, leading experts in basic cerebrovascular research as well as stroke treatment review the current evidence for and against an important role for inflammation in stroke, and explore the potential of treating or modulating inflammation in stroke therapy.
Stem Cells
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Author : Mariusz Z. Ratajczak
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-01-02
Stem Cells written by Mariusz Z. Ratajczak and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-02 with Science categories.
Since different types of stem cells for therapeutic applications have recently been proposed, this timely volume explores various sources of stem cells for tissue and organ regeneration and discusses their advantages and limitations. Also discussed are pros and cons for using embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and adult stem cells isolated from postnatal tissues. Different types of adult stem cells for therapeutic applications are also reviewed, including hematopoietic stem cells, epidermal stem cells, endothelial progenitors, neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and very small embryonic-like stem cells. This book also addresses paracrine effects of stem cells in regenerative medicine that are mediated by extracellular microvesicles and soluble secretome. Finally, potential applications of stem cells in cardiology, gastroenterology, neurology, immunotherapy, and aging are presented. This is an ideal book for students and researchers working in the stem cell research field.
Brain Repair After Stroke
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Author : Steven C. Cramer
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010-10-28
Brain Repair After Stroke written by Steven C. Cramer and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-28 with Medical categories.
Increasing evidence identifies the possibility of restoring function to the damaged brain via exogenous therapies. One major target for these advances is stroke, where most patients can be left with significant disability. Treatments have the potential to improve the victim's quality of life significantly and reduce the time and expense of rehabilitation. Brain Repair After Stroke reviews the biology of spontaneous brain repair after stroke in animal models and in humans. Detailed chapters cover the many forms of therapy being explored to promote brain repair and consider clinical trial issues in this context. This book provides a summary of the neurobiology of innate and treatment-induced repair mechanisms after hypoxia and reviews the state of the art for human therapeutics in relation to promoting behavioral recovery after stroke. Essential reading for stroke physicians, neurologists, rehabilitation physicians and neuropsychologists.
Stem Cells
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Author : Ariff Bongso
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2011
Stem Cells written by Ariff Bongso and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Science categories.
Stem cell biology has drawn tremendous interest in recent years as it promises cures for a variety of incurable diseases. This book deals with the basic and clinical aspects of stem cell research and involves work on the full spectrum of stem cells isolated today. It also covers the conversion of stem cell types into a variety of useful tissues which may be used in the future for transplantation therapy. It is thus aimed at undergraduates, postgraduates, scientists, embryologists, doctors, tissue engineers and anyone who wishes to gain some insight into stem cell biology. This book is important as it is comprehensive and covers all aspects of stem cell biology, from basic research to clinical applications. It will have 33 chapters written by renowned stem cell scientists worldwide. It will be up-to-date and all the chapters include self-explanatory figures, color photographs, graphics and tables. It will be easy to read and give the reader a complete understanding and state of the art of the exciting science and its applications.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes
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Author : Yaoliang Tang
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2015-09-02
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes written by Yaoliang Tang and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-02 with Medical categories.
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes are at the forefront of research in two of the most high profile and funded scientific areas – cardiovascular research and stem cells. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes provides insight into the biofunction and molecular mechanisms, practical tools for research, and a look toward the clinical applications of this exciting phenomenon which is emerging as an effective diagnostic. Primarily focused on the cardiovascular applications where there have been the greatest advancements toward the clinic, this is the first compendium for clinical and biomedical researchers who are interested in integrating MSC-derived exosomes as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Introduces the MSC-exosome mediated cell-cell communication Covers the major functional benefits in current MSC-derived exosome studies Discusses strategies for the use of MSC-derived exosomes in cardiovascular therapies