Structure Function And Plasticity Of Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Microcircuits
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Structure Function And Plasticity Of Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Microcircuits
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Author : Peter Jonas
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-02-13
Structure Function And Plasticity Of Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Microcircuits written by Peter Jonas and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-13 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
The hippocampus mediates several higher brain functions, such as learning, memory, and spatial coding. The input region of the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus, plays a critical role in these processes. Several lines of evidence suggest that the dentate gyrus acts as a preprocessor of incoming information, preparing it for subsequent processing in CA3. For example, the dentate gyrus converts input from the entorhinal cortex, where cells have multiple spatial fields, into the spatially more specific place cell activity characteristic of the CA3 region. Furthermore, the dentate gyrus is involved in pattern separation, transforming relatively similar input patterns into substantially different output patterns. Finally, the dentate gyrus produces a very sparse coding scheme in which only a very small fraction of neurons are active at any one time. How are these unique functions implemented at the level of cells and synapses? Dentate gyrus granule cells receive excitatory neuron input from the entorhinal cortex and send excitatory output to the hippocampal CA3 region via the mossy fibers. Furthermore, several types of GABAergic interneurons are present in this region, providing inhibitory control over granule cell activity via feedback and feedforward inhibition. Additionally, hilar mossy cells mediate an excitatory loop, receiving powerful input from a small number of granule cells and providing highly distributed excitatory output to a large number of granule cells. Finally, the dentate gyrus is one of the few brain regions exhibiting adult neurogenesis. Thus, new neurons are generated and functionally integrated throughout life. How these specific cellular and synaptic properties contribute to higher brain functions remains unclear. One way to understand these properties of the dentate gyrus is to try to integrate experimental data into models, following the famous Hopfield quote: “Build it, and you understand it.” However, when trying this, one faces two major challenges. First, hard quantitative data about cellular properties, structural connectivity, and functional properties of synapses are lacking. Second, the number of individual neurons and synapses to be represented in the model is huge. For example, the dentate gyrus contains ~1 million granule cells in rodents, and ~10 million in humans. Thus, full scale models will be complex and computationally demanding. In this Frontiers Research Topic, we collect important information about cells, synapses, and microcircuit elements of the dentate gyrus. We have put together a combination of original research articles, review articles, and a methods article. We hope that the collected information will be useful for both experimentalists and modelers. We also hope that the papers will be interesting beyond the small world of “dentology,” i.e., for scientists working on other brain areas. Ideally, the dentate gyrus may serve as a blueprint, helping neuroscientists to define strategies to analyze network organization of other brain regions.
The Rewiring Brain
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Author : Arjen van Ooyen
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2017-06-23
The Rewiring Brain written by Arjen van Ooyen and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-23 with Science categories.
The adult brain is not as hard-wired as traditionally thought. By modifying their small- or large-scale morphology, neurons can make new synaptic connections or break existing ones (structural plasticity). Structural changes accompany memory formation and learning, and are induced by neurogenesis, neurodegeneration and brain injury such as stroke. Exploring the role of structural plasticity in the brain can be greatly assisted by mathematical and computational models, as they enable us to bridge the gap between system-level dynamics and lower level cellular and molecular processes. However, most traditional neural network models have fixed neuronal morphologies and a static connectivity pattern, with plasticity merely arising from changes in the strength of existing synapses (synaptic plasticity). In The Rewiring Brain, the editors bring together for the first time contemporary modeling studies that investigate the implications of structural plasticity for brain function and pathology. Starting with an experimental background on structural plasticity in the adult brain, the book covers computational studies on homeostatic structural plasticity, the impact of structural plasticity on cognition and cortical connectivity, the interaction between synaptic and structural plasticity, neurogenesis-related structural plasticity, and structural plasticity in neurological disorders. Structural plasticity adds a whole new dimension to brain plasticity, and The Rewiring Brain shows how computational approaches may help to gain a better understanding of the full adaptive potential of the adult brain. The book is written for both computational and experimental neuroscientists. - Reviews the current state of knowledge of structural plasticity in the adult brain - Gives a comprehensive overview of computational studies on structural plasticity - Provides insights into the potential driving forces of structural plasticity and the functional implications of structural plasticity for learning and memory - Serves as inspiration for developing novel treatment strategies for stimulating functional repair after brain damage
Adult Neurogenesis In The Hippocampus
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Author : Juan J. Canales
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2016-03-23
Adult Neurogenesis In The Hippocampus written by Juan J. Canales and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-23 with Medical categories.
Neurogenesis in the adult brain has emerged as one of the most dynamic and rapidly moving fields in modern neuroscience research. The implications of adult neurogenesis for health and well-being are wide-ranging, with findings in this area having distinct relevance for treatment and rehabilitation in neurology and psychopathology. Adult Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus addresses these implications by providing an up-to-date account on how neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus contributes to critical psychological and physiological processes, such as learning and memory, and how it is modified by life experiences, such as aging, environmental enrichment, exercise, and dieting. The book also provides the most current reviews of how adult hippocampal neurogenesis influences the pathogenesis of mood disorders, addiction, and key neurological disorders. This book is the ideal resource for researchers and advanced graduates seeking focused knowledge on the role of adult neurogenesis in brain health and disease. - Provides a unique overview of how adult hippocampal neurogenesis contributes to adaptive processes, brain psychopathology, and disease - Includes state-of-the-art reviews by leading world experts in adult neurogenesis
Gabaergic Circuits In Health And Disease
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Author : Lisa Topolnik
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-11-15
Gabaergic Circuits In Health And Disease written by Lisa Topolnik and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-15 with Science categories.
Hippocampal Microcircuits
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Author : Vassilis Cutsuridis
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-02-04
Hippocampal Microcircuits written by Vassilis Cutsuridis and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-04 with Medical categories.
This is the 2nd edition of a very well received and popular book that reflects the current state-of-the-art of the ongoing research avenues concerning the hippocampus and processing units bridging the gap between single cell activity, network activity and global brain function. It aims to provide a methodology to anyone interested in developing microcircuit level models of the hippocampus. The book is divided into two thematic areas: (I) Experimental background and (II) Computational analysis. In part I, leading experimental neuroscientists discuss the morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics as well as the connectivity and synaptic properties of the various cell types found in the hippocampus. Behaviour-related ensemble activity patterns of morphologically identified neurons in anesthetized and freely moving animals provide insights on the function of the hippocampal areas. In part II, computational neuroscientists present models of the hippocampal microcircuits at various levels of detail (e.g. single cell level, network level, etc.). Synaptomics and connectomics models of hippocampal structures are initially discussed. Then, network models of memory, rhythm generation and spatial navigation are presented, followed by abstract and biophysical models of synaptic plasticity. Network models of hippocampal implicated disorders (epilepsy and schizophrenia) are then detailed and how their network topologies, connectivities and activities change in these diseases. Finally, two chapters are dedicated to describing simulator environments of single neurons and networks currently used by computational neuroscientists in developing their models and modelling tools to parametrically constrain them. This engaging volume is invaluable to experimental and computational neuroscientists, electrical engineers, physicists, mathematicians and others interested in developing microcircuit models of the hippocampus. Graduate level students and trainees in all of these fields can find this book a significant source of information.
The Structure Dynamics And Function Of Neural Micro Circuits For Perception And Behavior
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Author : Yoshiyuki Kubota
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-10-05
The Structure Dynamics And Function Of Neural Micro Circuits For Perception And Behavior written by Yoshiyuki Kubota and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-05 with Science categories.
The Dentate Gyrus A Comprehensive Guide To Structure Function And Clinical Implications
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Author : Helen E. Scharfman
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2011-09-22
The Dentate Gyrus A Comprehensive Guide To Structure Function And Clinical Implications written by Helen E. Scharfman and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-22 with Science categories.
The dentate gyrus is a part of the brain that has been a topic of intense interest since the beginning of neuroscience, and pioneering studies from the distant and recent past attest to this. One of the reasons for such interest is that this structure provides some of the most remarkable examples of plasticity within the nervous system. In addition, it is critical to normal cognitive function, although exactly how and when is still a question that eludes answers. Furthermore, abnormalities within the dentate gyrus appear to play a role in diverse clinical conditions, from depression to epilepsy and traumatic brain injury. The primary goal of this book is to provide a context, or background, upon which the detailed knowledge of the current era can be appreciated. A series of overviews are provided to clarify essentials related to structural organization and development, cellular components, neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, plasticity, and clinical relevance. * Covers the topic comprehensively from anatomy to cellular and systems perspectives* Includes basic research and addresses translational implications, so it will be useful to both researchers in the laboratory and clinicians who conduct experiments in humans* Chapters provide fundamentals, but also details and ample references for further review of the topic
Iss Dich Klug
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Author : Manuela Macedonia
language : de
Publisher: ecoWing
Release Date : 2021-02-25
Iss Dich Klug written by Manuela Macedonia and has been published by ecoWing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-25 with Political Science categories.
Welchen Einfluss hat gesunde Ernährung auf die Leistungsfähigkeit unseres Gehirns? Die Effizienz unseres Gehirns hängt eng mit unserer Ernährungsweise zusammen. Doch wie die Forschung heute beweist, werden schon vor unserer Geburt die Weichen für die Hirnentwicklung gestellt: mit der mütterlichen Ernährung. Die Neurowissenschafterin Dr. Manuela Macedonia zeigt, wie das Gehirn von wertvoller Nahrung bis ins hohe Alter profitiert, aber auch, welchen Schaden ungesunde Kost anrichtet. Einfach und allgemeinverständlich erklärt sie, woher unsere Vorliebe für Süßes kommt und warum Schokolade glücklich macht. Sie belegt, warum die mediterrane Küche besser abschneidet als die westliche Diät, wie Bewegung uns beim Denken hilft und weshalb Fasten dem Gehirn guttut. - Ernährung in der Schwangerschaft: was werdende Mütter für die Hirnentwicklung ihrer Kinder tun können - Was kann Muttermilch? Auswirkungen auf die Intelligenz, das Mikrobiom und das Immunsystem von Babys - Nahrung fürs Gehirn: welche Vitamine und Spurenelemente unterstützen den Denkapparat? - Glücksgefühle beim Essen: ein Lob auf die guten Fette - Wie das Gehirn altert und wie wir durch die richtige Ernährung Demenz und anderen krankhaften Veränderungen des Gehirns vorbeugen können Das Gehirn isst mit – Plädoyer für eine gesunde, hirngerechte Lebensweise Manuela Macedonia kam als Frühchen zur Welt. Dass sie ohne bleibende Hirnschäden überlebte, verdankt sie auch der nahrhaften Muttermilch und der grandiosen italienischen Küche ihrer Mamma. In ihrem Buch kombiniert sie Erkenntnisse aus der Gehirnforschung und der Ernährungswissenschaft, um über den Zusammenhang zwischen optimaler Ernährung und einem fitten Gehirn aufzuklären. Ein sehr persönliches und humorvolles Sachbuch – mit wissenschaftlich fundierten Ernährungstipps! Iss dich klug! Schließt die Lücke zwischen "Darm mit Charme" und dem "Ernährungs-Kompass".
The Hippocampus Book
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Author : Richard Morris
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2024-11
The Hippocampus Book written by Richard Morris and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-11 with Medical categories.
Known to be important for memory, the hippocampus has long been a prime focus for neuroscience research. This second edition of The Hippocampus Book is written by experts in a wide range of disciplines, with new chapters summarizing how disorders of hippocampal function contribute to neurological and psychiatric conditions. The editors draw on their experience in hippocampal anatomy, physiology, cognitive neuroscience and disease pathobiology to weave together an authoritative book which will interest those working in numerous neuroscientific disciplines.
Dendritic Spines
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Author : Alberto A. Rasia-Filho
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-11-14
Dendritic Spines written by Alberto A. Rasia-Filho and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-14 with Science categories.
This reference provides detailed coverage of dendritic spines, the fascinating neuronal components that modulate synaptic transmission, development, strength, and plasticity and are involved in the function of multiple areas of the nervous system. The density, shape, and function of spines may indicate the cellular connectivity and synaptic plasticity in normal and pathological conditions. This field has undergone dramatic advances in terms of techniques and experimental findings from in vitro to in vivo data, from animal models to human neurons, and computational models using artificial intelligence. To address these cutting-edge findings, the book provides state-of-the-art, comprehensive coverage with chapters written by the leading international researchers in the field. The authors consider the multiple implications for the study of dendritic spines with broad implications in the neurosciences and related areas.