Subjunctive Conditionals
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Subjunctive Reasoning
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Author : J.L. Pollock
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Subjunctive Reasoning written by J.L. Pollock and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Philosophy categories.
I am indebted to many people for the help they gave me in the writing of this book. lowe a large debt to David Lewis and Robert Stalnaker, on both general and specific grounds. As becomes apparent from reading the notes, the book would not have been possible without their pioneering work on subjunctive conditionals. In addition, both were kind enough to provide specific comments on earlier versions of different parts of the book, and Stalnaker read and commented on the entire manuscript. Closer to home, I am indebted to my colleagues Rolf Eberle and Henry Kyburg, Jf. , my erstwhile colleague Keith Lehrer, and numerous graduate students for their helpful comments on various parts of the manuscript. Some of the material contained herein appeared first in the form of journal articles, and I wish to thank the journals in question for allowing the material to be reprinted here. Chapter One contains material taken from 'The "Possible Worlds" Analysis of Counter-factuals', published in Phil. Studies 29 (1976), 469 (Reidel); Chapter Two contains material much revised from 'Four Kinds of Conditionals', Am. Phil. Quarterly 12 (1975), and Chapter Three contains much revised material from 'Subjunctive Generaliza tions', Synthese 28 (1974), 199 (Reidel). CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1. SUBJUNCTIVE REASONING There exists quite a variety of statements which are in some sense 'subjunctive'.
A Philosophical Guide To Conditionals
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Author : Jonathan Bennett
language : en
Publisher: Clarendon Press
Release Date : 2003-04-03
A Philosophical Guide To Conditionals written by Jonathan Bennett and has been published by Clarendon Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-04-03 with Philosophy categories.
Conditional sentences are among the most intriguing and puzzling features of language: analysis of their meaning and function has important implications for, and uses in, many areas of philosophy. Jonathan Bennett, one of the world's leading experts, distils many years' work and teaching into this Philosophical Guide to Conditionals, the fullest and most authoritative treatment of the subject. The literature on conditionals is difficult - needlessly so. Bennett's treatment is meticulously careful and luminously clear. He presents and evaluates in detail various approaches to the understanding of 'indicative' conditionals (like 'If Shakespeare didn't write Hamlet, some aristocrat did') and 'subjunctive' conditionals (like 'If rabbits had not been deliberately introduced into New Zealand, there would be none there today'); and he offers his own view, which will be recognized as a major original contribution to the subject. Journeying through this intellectual territory brings one into contact with the metaphysics of possible worlds, probability and belief-change, probability and logic, the pragmatics of conversation, determinism, ambiguity, vagueness, the law of excluded middle, facts versus events, and more. One might perhaps learn more philosophy from a thorough study of conditionals than from any other kind of work. Bennett's Guide is an ideal introduction for undergraduates with a philosophical grounding, and will also be a rich source of illumination and stimulation for graduate students and professional philosophers.
Conditionals Paradox And Probability
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Author : Lee Walters
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021-02-11
Conditionals Paradox And Probability written by Lee Walters and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-11 with Philosophy categories.
Conditionals, Paradox, and Probability brings together fifteen original essays by experts in philosophy and linguistics. These specially written chapters draw on themes from the work of Dorothy Edgington, the first woman to hold a chair in philosophy at the University of Oxford. The contributors to this volume focus on the key topics to which Edgington has made many important contributions, including conditionals, vagueness, the paradox of knowability, and probability. Their insights will be of interest to philosophers, linguists, and psychologists working in philosophical logic, natural language semantics, and reasoning.
The Epistemology Of Indicative Conditionals
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Author : Igor Douven
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2016
The Epistemology Of Indicative Conditionals written by Igor Douven and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Computers categories.
Addresses central questions concerning conditionals by combining the methods of formal epistemology with those of cognitive psychology.
Knowledge And Conditionals
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Author : Robert C. Stalnaker
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2019-06-27
Knowledge And Conditionals written by Robert C. Stalnaker and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-27 with Philosophy categories.
Robert C. Stalnaker presents a set of essays on the structure of inquiry. In the first part he focuses on the concepts of knowledge, belief, and partial belief, and on the rules and procedures we use - or ought to use - to determine what to believe, and what to claim that we know. In the second part he examines conditional statements and conditional beliefs, their role in epistemology, and their relations to causal and explanatory concepts, such as dispositions, objective chance, relations of dependence, and independence. A central concern of the book is the interaction of different cognitive perspectives - the ways in which the attitudes of rational agents are or should be influenced by critical reflection on their present cognitive situation, on their own cognitive situations at other times, and on the cognitive situations of others with whom they interact. The general picture that is developed is naturalistic, following Hume in rejecting a substantive role for pure reason in the defense of inductive rules, and in giving causal concepts a central role in the description and explanation of our cognitive practices. However, Stalnaker rejects the side of Hume that aims to reduce concepts involving natural necessity to more basic descriptive concepts. Instead, he argues that the development of inductive rules and practices takes place in interaction with the development of concepts for giving a theoretical description of the world.
Context Cognition And Conditionals
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Author : Chi-Hé Elder
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-06-24
Context Cognition And Conditionals written by Chi-Hé Elder and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-24 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book proposes a semantic theory of conditionals that can account for (i) the variability in usages that conditional sentences can be put; and (ii) both conditional sentences of the form ‘if p, q’ and those conditional thoughts that are expressed without using ‘if’. It presents theoretical arguments as well as empirical evidence from English and other languages in support of the thesis that an adequate study of conditionals has to go beyond an analysis of specific sentence forms or lexical items. The resulting perspective on conditionals is one in which conditionality is located at a higher level than that of the sentence; namely, at the level of thought. The author argues that it is only through adopting such a perspective, and with it, a commitment to context-dependent semantics, that we can successfully represent conditional utterances as they are used and understood by ordinary language users. It will be of interest to students and scholars working on the semantics of conditionals in the fields of linguistics (especially semantics and pragmatics) and philosophy of language.
Conditional Reasoning
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Author : Raymond Nickerson
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2015-06-12
Conditional Reasoning written by Raymond Nickerson and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-12 with Psychology categories.
Conditional reasoning is reasoning that involves statements of the sort If A (Antecedent) then C (Consequent). This type of reasoning is ubiquitous; everyone engages in it. Indeed, the ability to do so may be considered a defining human characteristic. Without this ability, human cognition would be greatly impoverished. "What-if" thinking could not occur. There would be no retrospective efforts to understand history by imagining how it could have taken a different course. Decisions that take possible contingencies into account could not be made; there could be no attempts to influence the future by selecting actions on the basis of their expected effects. Despite the commonness and importance of conditional reasoning and the considerable attention it has received from scholars, it remains the subject of much continuing debate. Unsettled questions, both normative and empirical, continue to be asked. What constitutes normative conditional reasoning? How do people engage in it? Does what people do match what would be expected of a rational agent with the abilities and limitations of human beings? If not, how does it deviate and how might people's ability to engage in it be improved? This book reviews the work of prominent psychologists and philosophers on conditional reasoning. It describes empirical research on how people deal with conditional arguments and on how conditional statements are used and interpreted in everyday communication. It examines philosophical and theoretical treatments of the mental processes that support conditional reasoning. Its extensive coverage of the subject makes it an ideal resource for students, teachers, and researchers with a focus on cognition across disciplines.
Mind Method And Conditionals
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Author : Frank Jackson
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2002-11-01
Mind Method And Conditionals written by Frank Jackson and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-11-01 with Philosophy categories.
First Published in 2004. This collection of essays brings together some of Jackson's most influential publications on mind, action, conditionals, method in metaphysics, ethics and induction. The papers have been revised for this volume and the collection also includes additional material by ay of endnotes and corrections. It also includes two new postscripts- one on conditionals and one disavowing the knowledge argument.
A Reader S Guide To Classic Papers In Formal Semantics
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Author : Louise McNally
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-08-05
A Reader S Guide To Classic Papers In Formal Semantics written by Louise McNally and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-05 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This volume contains 21 new and original contributions to the study of formal semantics, written by distinguished experts in response to landmark papers in the field. The chapters make the target articles more accessible by providing background, modernizing the notation, providing critical commentary, explaining the afterlife of the proposals, and offering a useful bibliography for further study. The chapters were commissioned by the series editors to mark the 100th volume in the book series Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy. The target articles are amongst the most widely read and cited papers up to the end of the 20th century, and cover most of the important subfields of formal semantics. The authors are all prominent researchers in the field, making this volume a valuable addition to the literature for researchers, students, and teachers of formal semantics. Chapter 19 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
A Philosophical Guide To Conditionals
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Author : Jonathan Francis Bennett
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press on Demand
Release Date : 2003
A Philosophical Guide To Conditionals written by Jonathan Francis Bennett and has been published by Oxford University Press on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Philosophy categories.
The author, one of the world's leading authorities on the subject of conditional sentences, distils many years' work and teaching into 'A Philosophical Guide to Conditionals', an authoritative treatment of the subject.