Surfactant Biodegradation
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Surfactant Biodegradation
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Author : Robert Donald Swisher
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1970
Surfactant Biodegradation written by Robert Donald Swisher and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1970 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Surfactant Biodegradation Second Edition
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Author : Robert Donald Swisher
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1986-10-31
Surfactant Biodegradation Second Edition written by Robert Donald Swisher and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986-10-31 with Science categories.
Biodegradability Of Surfactants
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Author : D.R. Karsa
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Biodegradability Of Surfactants written by D.R. Karsa and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The awareness and development of 'biodegradable' surfactants pre-dates current pressures by the environmental movement by nearly three decades, wherein a responsible industry mutually agreed to replace 'hard', non-biodegradable com ponents of household detergents by 'soft', biodegradable alternatives, without course to legislation. The only requirement at that time was for surfactants used in detergents to exhibit a 'primary biodegradability' in excess of 80%; this referring to the disap pearance or removal from solution of the intact surface active material as de tected by specified analytical techniques. This proved useful, as observed environmental impacts of surfactants, e.g. visible foam on rivers, are associated with the intact molecule. Test methods for 'primary biodegradability' were eventually enshrined in EU legislation for nonionic surfactants (Directive 821242/EEC, amended 73/404IEEC) and for anionic surfactants (Directive 8212431EEC, amended 73/405IEEC). No approved test methods and resultant legislation have been developed for cationic and amphoteric surfactants to date. The environmental classification of chemical substances, which of course includes surfactants, and associated risk assessment utilises a second criterion 'ready biodegradability'. This may be assessed by a number of methods which monitor oxygen uptake (BOD), carbon dioxide production or removal of dis solved organic carbon (DOC). Some surfactants which comply with the above Detergents Directive are borderline when it comes to 'ready biodegradability'.
Surfactant Biodegradation
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Author : R. D. Swisher
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987
Surfactant Biodegradation written by R. D. Swisher and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with categories.
Novel Surfactants
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Author : Krister Holmberg
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2003-07-03
Novel Surfactants written by Krister Holmberg and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-07-03 with Science categories.
Holberg (materials and surface chemistry, Chalmers U. of Technology, Sweden) presents updated versions of the first edition's eleven chapters and includes six new chapters, mostly dealing with the concept of natural surfactants. Each chapter deals with a particular class of surfactant and is present.
Biodegradation
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Author : Rolando Chamy
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2013-06-14
Biodegradation written by Rolando Chamy and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book contains a collection of different biodegradation research activities where biological processes take place. The book has two main sections: A) Polymers and Surfactants Biodegradation and B) Biodegradation: Microbial Behaviour.
Environmental And Human Safety Of Major Surfactants
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Author : Sylvia S. Talmage
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1994-09-09
Environmental And Human Safety Of Major Surfactants written by Sylvia S. Talmage and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-09-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The book summarizes and reviews the environmental and human safety of two classes of nonionic surfactants-alcohol ethoxylates (AE) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APE). This unique resource contains critical data from published sources as well as from unpublished studies submitted by Soap and Detergent Association member companies. It reviews information on product chemistry and analysis, biodegradation, environmental levels (including fate and distribution), aquatic toxicity, and human safety. Recently developed analytical techniques for the extraction, separation, detection, and measurement of nonionic surfactants and their metabolites in environmental samples are described. Results of biodegradation studies performed with a variety of test systems are tabulated, as are results of field studies at wastewater treatment plants. Reported comparisons of environmental levels with results of acute and chronic aquatic toxicity tests are provided. The information on the toxicity and irritation potential of AE and APE surfactants includes data from in vitro, mammalian, and human studies.
Handbook Of Detergents Part B
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Author : Uri Zoller
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2004-08-30
Handbook Of Detergents Part B written by Uri Zoller and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-08-30 with Science categories.
The second installment of the multivolume Handbook of Detergents deals with the potential environmental impact of detergents as a result of their production, formulation, usage, consumption, and disposal. This volume forms a comprehensive treatise on the multidimensional issues involved and emphasizes the alignment of scientific knowledge with the
Biosurfactants
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Author : Ramkrishna Sen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-12-31
Biosurfactants written by Ramkrishna Sen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12-31 with Medical categories.
The microbial world has given us many surprises including microbes that grow under extremely harsh conditions (122C at 40 MPa), novel metabolisms such as the uranium and perchlorate reduction, and novel chemicals that can be used to control diseases. We continually face new and difficult problems such as the need to transition to more carbon-neutral energy sources and to find eco-friendly chemicals and to find new drugs to treat disease. Will it be possible to tap into the seemingly limitless potential of microbial activity to solve our current and future problems?The answer to this question is probably yes. We are already looking to the microbial world to provide new energy sources, green chemicals to replace those made from petroleum, and new drugs to fight disease. To help us along these paths, we are deciphering how microorganisms interact with each other. We know that microbial populations interact and communicate with each other. The language that microbes use is chemical where small molecules are exchanged among different microbial cells. Sometimes, these chemicals suppress activities of competitors and could be used as antibiotics or may have other therapeutic uses. Other times, the chemicals stimulate complex responses in microbial populations such as fruiting body or biofilm formation. By understanding the conversation that microbes are having among themselves, e. g.
Surfactants From Renewable Resources
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Author : Mikael Kjellin
language : en
Publisher: Wiley
Release Date : 2010-03-08
Surfactants From Renewable Resources written by Mikael Kjellin and has been published by Wiley this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-08 with Science categories.
Most modern surfactants are readily biodegradable and exhibit low toxicity in the aquatic environment, the two criteria for green surfactants. However the majority are synthesised from petroleum, so over the past decade the detergent industry has turned its attention to developing greener routes to create these surfactants via renewable building blocks. Surfactants from Renewable Resources presents the latest research and commercial applications in the emerging field of sustainable surfactant chemistry, with emphasis on production technology, surface chemical properties, biodegradability, ecotoxicity, market trends, economic viability and life-cycle analysis. Reviewing traditional sources for renewable surfactants as well as recent advances, this text focuses on techniques with potential for large scale application. Topics covered include: Renewable hydrophobes from natural fatty acids and forest industry by-products Renewable hydrophiles from carbohydrates, amino acids and lactic acid New ways of making renewable building blocks; ethylene from renewable resources and complex mixtures from waste biomass Biosurfactants Surface active polymers This book is a valuable resource for industrial researchers in companies that produce and use surfactants, as well as academic researchers in surface and polymer chemistry, sustainable chemistry and chemical engineering.