Surfactant Formulation Engineering Using Hld And Nac
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Surfactant Formulation Engineering Using Hld And Nac
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Author : Edgar Acosta
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2025-04-28
Surfactant Formulation Engineering Using Hld And Nac written by Edgar Acosta and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-04-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Surfactants are molecules that contain groups that are water-loving (hydrophilic) and oil-loving (lipophilic). The central question in formulations is often which of the two portions dominate the behavior of the surfactant. For many years that question was answered in terms of the surfactant structure only. However, the modern view is that the hydrophilic-lipophilic nature of the surfactant is the result of surfactant structure and formulation conditions (nature of the oil, temperature, aqueous phase composition) as captured by a semi-empirical equation called the hydrophilic-lipophilic difference (HLD). The HLD is a dimensionless number that indicate the approach to the point where the surfactant inverts its solubility from being water-soluble (negative HLD) to oil-soluble (positive HLD). The HLD alone is a good indicator of how the formulation could behave but it does not produce any formulation property that can be used to predict product performance. The net-average curvature (NAC) are a set of equations that take the value of HLD to predict the properties of the formulation, such as oil (and/or water) solubilization capacity, interfacial tension, phase diagrams, contact angle and others.Surfactant Formulation Engineering using HLD and NAC will not only introduce the reader to HLD-NAC but also to the practical use of these concepts in numerous applications ranging from application in the petroleum industry, to environmental remediation, to food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications, and even nanotechnology. The last part of the book will look at the molecular origins of the empirical terms in HLD via the Integrated Free Energy Model (IFEM). - Concentrates on the HLD and NAC, providing industrially-relevant examples - Provides the only single depository for HLD parameters - Balances theory and application, with insights from both academic and industrial authors - Includes examples relevant to a wide range of fields, with practical guides on how to go from the formulation objective(s) to an actual formulation design
Biobased Surfactants
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Author : Douglas G. Hayes
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2019-04-30
Biobased Surfactants written by Douglas G. Hayes and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-30 with Science categories.
Biobased Surfactants: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications, Second Edition, covers biosurfactant synthesis and applications and demonstrates how to reduce manufacturing and purification costs, impurities, and by-products. Fully updated, this book covers surfactants in biomedical applications, detergents, personal care, food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and nanotechnology. It reflects on the latest developments in biobased surfactant science and provides case scenarios to guide readers in efficient and effective biobased surfactant application, along with strategies for research into new applications. This book is written from a biorefinery-based perspective by an international team of experts and acts as a key text for researchers and practitioners involved in the synthesis, utilization, and development of biobased surfactants. - Describes new and emerging biobased surfactants and their synthesis and development - Showcases an interdisciplinary approach to the topic, featuring applications to chemistry, biotechnology, biomedicine, and other areas - Presents the entire lifecycle of biobased surfactants in detail
The Conservator S Cookbook
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Author : Laura Chaillie
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2024-12-30
The Conservator S Cookbook written by Laura Chaillie and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-12-30 with Art categories.
The Conservator’s Cookbook is a collection of practical, step-by-step guides outlining how to prepare various solutions, adhesives, gels, and other mixtures used in heritage conservation. While most conservators learn the chemical rationale of solution-making during their training, the actual process of preparing these compounds can be neglected or eventually forgotten. This “cookbook” provides a non-exhaustive and adaptable resource, compiling practical recipes from across heritage conservation literature into a single volume. Drawing from techniques used in furniture, paper, paintings, textiles, and other conservation specialisms, each “recipe” in the Cookbook begins with a short summary of key chemical ideas, before relating step-by-step instructions. The solutions range from simple dissolutions (adhesive resins), to more complex cleaning systems (utilising surfactants, chelation agents, and enzymes) and gelled carriers. Each “recipe” is followed with collections of technical data which help to bridge the gap between chemical understanding and practical application. The Cookbook also provides important notes on health and safety and laboratory best practice, addressing some common misunderstandings and encouraging more sustainable approaches. Intended for the experienced professional and conservation student alike, The Conservator’s Cookbook is a crucial reference work that provides a starting point for practical experimentation and interaction between different conservation specialisms.
Surfactants In Cosmetics
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Author : Martin Rieger
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-09-29
Surfactants In Cosmetics written by Martin Rieger and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-29 with Science categories.
""Second Edition provides a thorough, up-to-date treatment of the fundamental behavior of surface active agents in solutions, their interaction with biological structures from proteins and membranes to the stratum corneum and epidermis, and their performance in formulations such as shampoos, dentifrice, aerosols, and skin cleansers.
Handbook Of Microemulsion Science And Technology
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Author : Promod Kumar
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1999-07-21
Handbook Of Microemulsion Science And Technology written by Promod Kumar and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-07-21 with Science categories.
Demonstrating methods for overcoming stability issues in paints, wax dispersions, cosmetics, food products, and other industrial applications, this reference probes theoretical and practical issues surrounding microemulsion science and technology. Featuring the work of 51 international experts and containing almost 1000 instructive tables, equations, and illustrations, this book reviews the performance of, and prospects for, experimental methods such as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), light scattering, small angle neutron scattering, viscosimetry, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to characterize various aspects of the dispersed phase of microemulsions.
Surfactant Science
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Author : Steven John Abbott
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Surfactant Science written by Steven John Abbott and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Emulsions categories.
Wormlike Micelles
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Author : Cecile A Dreiss
language : en
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Release Date : 2017-03-17
Wormlike Micelles written by Cecile A Dreiss and has been published by Royal Society of Chemistry this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-17 with Science categories.
Wormlike micelles are elongated flexible self-assembled structures created from the aggregation of amphiphiles and their resulting dynamic networks have gained attention for a number of uses, particularly in the oil industry. Written by experts, Wormlike Micelles describes the latest developments in the field providing an authoritative guide on the subject. The book starts with an introductory chapter giving an overview of the area and then looks at the three key topics of new wormlike micelle systems, characterization and applications. New systems covered in the first part include reverse wormlike micelles and stimuli-responsive wormlike micelles. The second part explores cutting-edge techniques that have led to advances in the understanding of their structure and dynamics, including direct imaging techniques and the combination of rheology with small-angle neutron scattering techniques. Finally, the book reviews their use in oil and gas well treatments as well as surfactant drag reducing solutions. Aimed at postgraduate students and researchers, this text is essential reading for anyone interested in soft matter systems.
From Simple Solutions To Strongly Structured Microemulsions
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Author : Shih-Yu Tseng
language : en
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
Release Date : 2022-12-12
From Simple Solutions To Strongly Structured Microemulsions written by Shih-Yu Tseng and has been published by Cuvillier Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-12 with Science categories.
Microemulsions are known for their versatile properties widely utilized in fundamental research and industrial applications. They are thermodynamically stable mixtures structured on a colloidal length scale with an amphiphilic film separating water- and oil-rich domains. However, recent studies claim the existence of “surfactant-free microemulsions,” which exhibit structures on a molecular length scale. By means of systematic phase behavior and scattering experiments, this dissertation provides deep insights into the pathway from simple solutions to weakly and strongly structured microemulsions. With bulk-contrast SANS, the scattering behavior of a simple solution system made of water, cyclohexane, 1- and 2-propanol was found to be dominated by critical composition fluctuations (Ornstein-Zernike). Further analysis of critical phenomena revealed the critical exponent doubling that follows the scaling law γ ~ “2” ν. On the other hand, weak scattering signals described with a new model were detected in the film-contrast SANS data due to the nearby tricritical point (TCP). After crossing the TCP, the formation of well-defined amphiphilic films was demonstrated by increasing the amphiphilicity of the amphiphile. Subsequently, the influence of modifications of the amphiphilic film by adding novel diblock polymers was studied. As a result, enhanced efficiency and strengthened structural ordering were achieved in typical alkane microemulsions and novel CO2 microemulsions. Finally, the properties of industry-relevant microemulsions were investigated in two application-oriented projects. One project focused on the phase behavior and the microstructure of polyol-rich CO2 microemulsions, which can be used for the polyurethane (PU) foam production with cell sizes of a few micrometers. The other project focused on the formulation of optimum microemulsions stabilized by highly efficient extended surfactants. The experimental parameters from phase behavior studies helped determine the coefficients of the HLD equation, which can serve as a prediction tool for tackling a wide variety of formulation problems. Above all, this doctoral dissertation elucidated the pathway toward structured microemulsions and demonstrated versatile aspects of microemulsions’ applications.
Modern Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery
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Author : James J.Sheng
language : en
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
Release Date : 2010-11-25
Modern Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery written by James J.Sheng and has been published by Gulf Professional Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-25 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Crude oil development and production in U.S. oil reservoirs can include up to three distinct phases: primary, secondary, and tertiary (or enhanced) recovery. During primary recovery, the natural pressure of the reservoir or gravity drive oil into the wellbore, combined with artificial lift techniques (such as pumps) which bring the oil to the surface. But only about 10 percent of a reservoir's original oil in place is typically produced during primary recovery. Secondary recovery techniques to the field's productive life generally by injecting water or gas to displace oil and drive it to a production wellbore, resulting in the recovery of 20 to 40 percent of the original oil in place. In the past two decades, major oil companies and research organizations have conducted extensive theoretical and laboratory EOR (enhanced oil recovery) researches, to include validating pilot and field trials relevant to much needed domestic commercial application, while western countries had terminated such endeavours almost completely due to low oil prices. In recent years, oil demand has soared and now these operations have become more desirable. This book is about the recent developments in the area as well as the technology for enhancing oil recovery. The book provides important case studies related to over one hundred EOR pilot and field applications in a variety of oil fields. These case studies focus on practical problems, underlying theoretical and modelling methods, operational parameters (e.g., injected chemical concentration, slug sizes, flooding schemes and well spacing), solutions and sensitivity studies, and performance optimization strategies. The book strikes an ideal balance between theory and practice, and would be invaluable to academicians and oil company practitioners alike. - Updated chemical EOR fundamentals providing clear picture of fundamental concepts - Practical cases with problems and solutions providing practical analogues and experiences - Actual data regarding ranges of operation parameters providing initial design parameters - Step-by-step calculation examples providing practical engineers with convenient procedures
Mixed Surfactant Systems
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Author : Paul M. Holland
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Mixed Surfactant Systems written by Paul M. Holland and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Presents a broad survey of the properties, behavior, and modeling of mixed surfactant systems, including mixed micellar solutions, phenomena at interfaces, phase behavior, and mixtures with unusual surfactant types. Covers chemical reactions in mixed micelles, approaches to molecular modeling of mixed surfactant aggregates, and new experimental techniques for studying mixed micelles and adsorption on surfaces. Features contributions from leading specialists in colloid and surface science, including Robert S. Schechter, John F. Scamehorn, Milton J. Rosen, Keizo Ogino, and Denver G. Hall.