System And Method For Selective Catalytic Reduction Of Nitrogen Oxides In Combustion Exhaust Gases
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System And Method For Selective Catalytic Reduction Of Nitrogen Oxides In Combustion Exhaust Gases
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
System And Method For Selective Catalytic Reduction Of Nitrogen Oxides In Combustion Exhaust Gases written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
A multi-stage selective catalytic reduction (SCR) unit (32) provides efficient reduction of NOx and other pollutants from about 50-550.degree. C. in a power plant (19). Hydrogen (24) and ammonia (29) are variably supplied to the SCR unit depending on temperature. An upstream portion (34) of the SCR unit catalyzes NOx+NH.sub. 3 reactions above about 200.degree. C.A downstream portion (36) catalyzes NOx+H.sub. 2 reactions below about 260.degree. C., and catalyzes oxidation of NH.sub. 3, CO, and VOCs with oxygen in the exhaust above about 200.degree. C., efficiently removing NOx and other pollutants over a range of conditions with low slippage of NH.sub. 3. An ammonia synthesis unit (28) may be connected to the SCR unit to provide NH.sub. 3 as needed, avoiding transport and storage of ammonia or urea at the site. A carbonaceous gasification plant (18) on site may supply hydrogen and nitrogen to the ammonia synthesis unit, and hydrogen to the SCR unit.
Nitrogen Oxides Nox Why And How They Are Controlled
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 1999
Nitrogen Oxides Nox Why And How They Are Controlled written by and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
Nox Emission Control Technologies In Stationary And Automotive Internal Combustion Engines
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Author : B. Ashok
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2021-11-09
Nox Emission Control Technologies In Stationary And Automotive Internal Combustion Engines written by B. Ashok and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
NOx Emission Control Technologies in Stationary and Automotive Internal Combustion Engines: Approaches Toward NOx Free Automobiles presents the fundamental theory of emission formation, particularly the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and its chemical reactions and control techniques. The book provides a simplified framework for technical literature on NOx reduction strategies in IC engines, highlighting thermodynamics, combustion science, automotive emissions and environmental pollution control. Sections cover the toxicity and roots of emissions for both SI and CI engines and the formation of various emissions such as CO, SO2, HC, NOx, soot, and PM from internal combustion engines, along with various methods of NOx formation. Topics cover the combustion process, engine design parameters, and the application of exhaust gas recirculation for NOx reduction, making this book ideal for researchers and students in automotive, mechanical, mechatronics and chemical engineering students working in the field of emission control techniques. Covers advanced and recent technologies and emerging new trends in NOx reduction for emission control Highlights the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on engine performance parameters Discusses emission norms such as EURO VI and Bharat stage VI in reducing global air pollution due to engine emissions
Selective Catalytic Reduction Of Nox
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Author : Oliver Kröcher
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2018-12-14
Selective Catalytic Reduction Of Nox written by Oliver Kröcher and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-14 with Electronic books categories.
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx" that was published in Catalysts
Selective Nox Recirculation For Stationary Lean Burn Natural Gas Engines
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Selective Nox Recirculation For Stationary Lean Burn Natural Gas Engines written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Selective NOx Recirculation (SNR) involves cooling the engine exhaust gas and then adsorbing the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from the exhaust stream, followed by the periodic desorption of NOx. By returning the desorbed, concentrated NOx into the engine intake and through the combustion chamber, a percentage of the NOx is decomposed during the combustion process. An initial study of NOx decomposition during lean-burn combustion was concluded in 2004 using a 1993 Cummins L10G 240hp natural gas engine. It was observed that the air/fuel ratio, injected NO (nitric oxide) quantity and engine operating points affected NOx decomposition rates of the engine. Chemical kinetic modeling results were also used to determine optimum NOx decomposition operating points and were published in the 2004 annual report. A NOx decomposition rate of 27% was measured from this engine under lean-burn conditions while the software model predicted between 35-42% NOx decomposition for similar conditions. A later technology 1998 Cummins L10G 280hp natural gas engine was procured with the assistance of Cummins Inc. to replace the previous engine used for 2005 experimental research. The new engine was equipped with an electronic fuel management system with closed-loop control that provided a more stable air/fuel ratio control and improved the repeatability of the tests. The engine was instrumented with an in-cylinder pressure measurement system and electronic controls, and was adapted to operate over a range of air/fuel ratios. The engine was connected to a newly commissioned 300hp alternating current (AC) motoring dynamometer. The second experimental campaign was performed to acquire both stoichiometric and slightly rich (0.97 lambda ratio) burn NOx decomposition rates. Effects of engine load and speed on decomposition were quantified, but Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) was not varied independently. Decomposition rates of up to 92% were demonstrated. Following recommendations at the 2004 ARES peer review meeting at Argonne National Laboratories, in-cylinder pressure was measured to calculate engine indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) changes due to NOx injections and EGR variations, and to observe conditions in the cylinder. The third experimental campaign gathered NOx decomposition data at 800, 1200 and 1800 rpm. EGR was added via an external loop, with EGR ranging from zero to the point of misfire. The air/fuel ratio was set at both stoichiometric and slightly rich conditions, and NOx decomposition rates were calculated for each set of runs. Modifications were made to the engine exhaust manifold to record individual exhaust temperatures. The three experimental campaigns have provided the data needed for a comprehensive model of NOx decomposition during the combustion process, and data have confirmed that there was no significant impact of injected NO on in-cylinder pressure. The NOx adsorption system provided by Sorbent Technologies Corp. (Twinsburg, OH), comprised a NOx adsorber, heat exchanger and a demister. These components were connected to the engine, and data were gathered to show both the adsorption of NOx from the engine, and desorption of NOx from the carbon-based sorbent material back into the engine intake, using a heated air stream. In order to quantify the NOx adsorption/desorption characteristics of the sorbent material, a bench top adsorption system was constructed and instrumented with thermocouples and the system output was fed into a NOx analyzer. The temperature of this apparatus was controlled while gathering data on the characteristics of the sorbent material. These data were required for development of a system model. Preliminary data were gathered in 2005, and will continue in early 2006. To assess the economic benefits of the proposed SNR technology the WVU research team has been joined in the last quarter by Dr Richard Turton (WVU-Chemical Engineering), who is modeling, sizing and costing the major components. The tasks will address modeling and preliminary design of the heat exchanger, demister and NOx sorbent chamber suitable for a given engine. A simplified linear driving force model was developed to predict NOx adsorption into the sorbent material as cooled exhaust passes over fresh sorbent material. This aspect of the research will continue into 2006, and the benefits and challenges of SNR will be compared with those of competing systems, such as Selective Catalytic Reduction. Chemical kinetic modeling using the CHEMKIN software package was extended in 2005 to the case of slightly rich burn with EGR. Simulations were performed at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of the intake air replaced with EGR. NOx decomposition efficiency was calculated at the point in time where 98% of fuel was consumed, which is believed to be a conservative approach. The modeling data show that reductions of over 70% are possible using the ''98% fuel burned'' assumption.
Metal Oxides In Heterogeneous Catalysis
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Author : Jacques C. Vedrine
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2018-01-11
Metal Oxides In Heterogeneous Catalysis written by Jacques C. Vedrine and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-11 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis is an overview of the past, present and future of heterogeneous catalysis using metal oxides catalysts. The book presents the historical, theoretical, and practical aspects of metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysis. Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis deals with fundamental information on heterogeneous catalysis, including reaction mechanisms and kinetics approaches.There is also a focus on the classification of metal oxides used as catalysts, preparation methods and touches on zeolites, mesoporous materials and Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in catalysis. It will touch on acid or base-type reactions, selective (partial) and total oxidation reactions, and enzymatic type reactions The book also touches heavily on the biomass applications of metal oxide catalysts and environmentally related/depollution reactions such as COVs elimination, DeNOx, and DeSOx. Finally, the book also deals with future trends and prospects in metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysis. Presents case studies in each chapter that provide a focus on the industrial applications Includes fundamentals, key theories and practical applications of metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysis in one comprehensive resource Edited, and contributed, by leading experts who provide perspectives on synthesis, characterization and applications
Selective Catalytic Reduction System And Process For Treating Nox Emissions Using A Palladium And Rhodium Or Ruthenium Catalyst
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Selective Catalytic Reduction System And Process For Treating Nox Emissions Using A Palladium And Rhodium Or Ruthenium Catalyst written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
A process for the catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in a gas stream (29) in the presence of H.sub. 2 is provided. The process comprises contacting the gas stream with a catalyst system (38) comprising zirconia-silica washcoat particles (41), a pre-sulfated zirconia binder (44), and a catalyst combination (40) comprising palladium and at least one of rhodium, ruthenium, or a mixture of ruthenium and rhodium.
Urea Scr Technology For Denox After Treatment Of Diesel Exhausts
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Author : Isabella Nova
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2014-03-14
Urea Scr Technology For Denox After Treatment Of Diesel Exhausts written by Isabella Nova and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-14 with Science categories.
Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts presents a complete overview of the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia/urea. The book starts with an illustration of the technology in the framework of the current context (legislation, market, system configurations), covers the fundamental aspects of the SCR process (catalysts, chemistry, mechanism, kinetics) and analyzes its application to useful topics such as modeling of full scale monolith catalysts, control aspects, ammonia injections systems and integration with other devices for combined removal of pollutants.
Metal Oxide Powder Technologies
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Author : Yarub Al-Douri
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2020-06-02
Metal Oxide Powder Technologies written by Yarub Al-Douri and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Metal Oxide Powder Technologies: Fundamentals, Processing Methods and Applications reviews the fundamentals, processing methods and applications of this key materials system. Topics addressed comprehensively cover chemical and physical properties, synthesis, preparation, both accepted and novel processing methods, modeling and simulation. The book provides fundamental information on the key properties that impact performance, such as particle size and crystal structure, along with methods to measure, analyze and evaluate. Finally, important applications are covered, including biomedical, energy, electronics and materials applications. Provides a comprehensive overview of key topics both on the theoretical side and the experimental Discusses important properties that impact metal oxide performance, processing methods (both novel and accepted), and important applications Reviews the most relevant applications, such as biomedical, energy, electronics and materials applications
Catalysts Systems And Methods To Reduce Nox In An Exhaust Gas Stream
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Catalysts Systems And Methods To Reduce Nox In An Exhaust Gas Stream written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Catalysts, systems and methods are described to reduce NO.sub.x emissions of an internal combustion engine. In one embodiment, an emissions treatment system for an exhaust stream is provided having an SCR catalyst comprising silver tungstate on an alumina support. The emissions treatment system may be used for the treatment of exhaust streams from diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines. An emissions treatment system may further comprise an injection device operative to dispense a hydrocarbon reducing agent upstream of the catalyst.