System Level Design Of Gpu Based Embedded Systems

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System Level Design Of Gpu Based Embedded Systems

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Author : Arian Maghazeh
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2018-12-07

System Level Design Of Gpu Based Embedded Systems written by Arian Maghazeh and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-07 with categories.

Modern embedded systems deploy several hardware accelerators, in a heterogeneous manner, to deliver high-performance computing. Among such devices, graphics processing units (GPUs) have earned a prominent position by virtue of their immense computing power. However, a system design that relies on sheer throughput of GPUs is often incapable of satisfying the strict power- and time-related constraints faced by the embedded systems. This thesis presents several system-level software techniques to optimize the design of GPU-based embedded systems under various graphics and non-graphics applications. As compared to the conventional application-level optimizations, the system-wide view of our proposed techniques brings about several advantages: First, it allows for fully incorporating the limitations and requirements of the various system parts in the design process. Second, it can unveil optimization opportunities through exposing the information flow between the processing components. Third, the techniques are generally applicable to a wide range of applications with similar characteristics. In addition, multiple system-level techniques can be combined together or with application-level techniques to further improve the performance. We begin by studying some of the unique attributes of GPU-based embedded systems and discussing several factors that distinguish the design of these systems from that of the conventional high-end GPU-based systems. We then proceed to develop two techniques that address an important challenge in the design of GPU-based embedded systems from different perspectives. The challenge arises from the fact that GPUs require a large amount of workload to be present at runtime in order to deliver a high throughput. However, for some embedded applications, collecting large batches of input data requires an unacceptable waiting time, prompting a trade-off between throughput and latency. We also develop an optimization technique for GPU-based applications to address the memory bottleneck issue by utilizing the GPU L2 cache to shorten data access time. Moreover, in the area of graphics applications, and in particular with a focus on mobile games, we propose a power management scheme to reduce the GPU power consumption by dynamically adjusting the display resolution, while considering the user's visual perception at various resolutions. We also discuss the collective impact of the proposed techniques in tackling the design challenges of emerging complex systems. The proposed techniques are assessed by real-life experimentations on GPU-based hardware platforms, which demonstrate the superior performance of our approaches as compared to the state-of-the-art techniques.

Companion Robots For Older Adults

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Author : Sofia Thunberg
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2024-05-06

Companion Robots For Older Adults written by Sofia Thunberg and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-05-06 with categories.

This thesis explores, through a mixed-methods approach, what happens when companion robots are deployed in care homes for older adults by looking at different perspectives from key stakeholders. Nine studies are presented with decision makers in municipalities, care staff and older adults, as participants, and the studies have primarily been carried out in the field in care homes and activity centres, where both qualitative (e.g., observations and workshops) and quantitative data (surveys) have been collected. The thesis shows that companion robots seem to be here to stay and that they can contribute to a higher quality of life for some older adults. It further presents some challenges with a certain discrepancy between what decision makers want and what staff might be able to facilitate. For future research and use of companion robots, it is key to evaluate each robot model and potential use case separately and develop clear routines for how they should be used, and most importantly, let all stakeholders be part of the process. The knowledge contribution is the holistic view of how different actors affect each other when emerging robot technology is introduced in a care environment. Den här avhandlingen utforskar vad som händer när sällskapsrobotar införs på omsorgsboenden för äldre genom att titta på perspektiv från olika intressenter. Nio studier presenteras med kommunala beslutsfattare, vårdpersonal och äldre som deltagare. Studierna har i huvudsak genomförts i fält på särskilda boenden och aktivitetscenter där både kvalitativa- (exempelvis observationer och workshops) och kvantitativa data (enkäter) har samlats in. Avhandlingen visar att sällskapsrobotar verkar vara här för att stanna och att de kan bidra till en högre livskvalitet för vissa äldre. Den visar även på en del utmaningar med en viss diskrepans mellan vad beslutsfattare vill införa och vad personalen har möjlighet att utföra i sitt arbete. För framtida forskning och användning av sällskapsrobotar är det viktigt att utvärdera varje robotmodell och varje användningsområde var för sig och ta fram tydliga rutiner för hur de ska användas, och viktigast av allt, låta alla intressenter vara en del av processen. Kunskapsbidraget med avhandlingen är en helhetssyn på hur olika aktörer påverkar varandra när ny robotteknik introduceras i en vårdmiljö

System Level Analysis And Design Under Uncertainty

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Author : Ivan Ukhov
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2017-11-16

System Level Analysis And Design Under Uncertainty written by Ivan Ukhov and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-16 with categories.

One major problem for the designer of electronic systems is the presence of uncertainty, which is due to phenomena such as process and workload variation. Very often, uncertainty is inherent and inevitable. If ignored, it can lead to degradation of the quality of service in the best case and to severe faults or burnt silicon in the worst case. Thus, it is crucial to analyze uncertainty and to mitigate its damaging consequences by designing electronic systems in such a way that they effectively and efficiently take uncertainty into account. We begin by considering techniques for deterministic system-level analysis and design of certain aspects of electronic systems. These techniques do not take uncertainty into account, but they serve as a solid foundation for those that do. Our attention revolves primarily around power and temperature, as they are of central importance for attaining robustness and energy efficiency. We develop a novel approach to dynamic steady-state temperature analysis of electronic systems and apply it in the context of reliability optimization. We then proceed to develop techniques that address uncertainty. The first technique is designed to quantify the variability of process parameters, which is induced by process variation, across silicon wafers based on indirect and potentially incomplete and noisy measurements. The second technique is designed to study diverse system-level characteristics with respect to the variability originating from process variation. In particular, it allows for analyzing transient temperature profiles as well as dynamic steady-state temperature profiles of electronic systems. This is illustrated by considering a problem of design-space exploration with probabilistic constraints related to reliability. The third technique that we develop is designed to efficiently tackle the case of sources of uncertainty that are less regular than process variation, such as workload variation. This technique is exemplified by analyzing the effect that workload units with uncertain processing times have on the timing-, power-, and temperature-related characteristics of the system under consideration. We also address the issue of runtime management of electronic systems that are subject to uncertainty. In this context, we perform an early investigation of the utility of advanced prediction techniques for the purpose of finegrained long-range forecasting of resource usage in large computer systems. All the proposed techniques are assessed by extensive experimental evaluations, which demonstrate the superior performance of our approaches to analysis and design of electronic systems compared to existing techniques.

Embedded Systems

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Author : Kiyofumi Tanaka
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2012-03-16

Embedded Systems written by Kiyofumi Tanaka and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-16 with Computers categories.

Nowadays, embedded systems - computer systems that are embedded in various kinds of devices and play an important role of specific control functions, have permeated various scenes of industry. Therefore, we can hardly discuss our life or society from now onwards without referring to embedded systems. For wide-ranging embedded systems to continue their growth, a number of high-quality fundamental and applied researches are indispensable. This book contains 13 excellent chapters and addresses a wide spectrum of research topics of embedded systems, including parallel computing, communication architecture, application-specific systems, and embedded systems projects. Embedded systems can be made only after fusing miscellaneous technologies together. Various technologies condensed in this book as well as in the complementary book "Embedded Systems - Theory and Design Methodology", will be helpful to researchers and engineers around the world.

Multi Core Embedded Systems

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Author : Georgios Kornaros
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-10-08

Multi Core Embedded Systems written by Georgios Kornaros and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-08 with Computers categories.

Details a real-world product that applies a cutting-edge multi-core architecture Increasingly demanding modern applications—such as those used in telecommunications networking and real-time processing of audio, video, and multimedia streams—require multiple processors to achieve computational performance at the rate of a few giga-operations per second. This necessity for speed and manageable power consumption makes it likely that the next generation of embedded processing systems will include hundreds of cores, while being increasingly programmable, blending processors and configurable hardware in a power-efficient manner. Multi-Core Embedded Systems presents a variety of perspectives that elucidate the technical challenges associated with such increased integration of homogeneous (processors) and heterogeneous multiple cores. It offers an analysis that industry engineers and professionals will need to understand the physical details of both software and hardware in embedded architectures, as well as their limitations and potential for future growth. Discusses the available programming models spread across different abstraction levels The book begins with an overview of the evolution of multiprocessor architectures for embedded applications and discusses techniques for autonomous power management of system-level parameters. It addresses the use of existing open-source (and free) tools originating from several application domains—such as traffic modeling, graph theory, parallel computing and network simulation. In addition, the authors cover other important topics associated with multi-core embedded systems, such as: Architectures and interconnects Embedded design methodologies Mapping of applications

Vlsi For Embedded Intelligence

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Author : Anu Gupta
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-10-27

Vlsi For Embedded Intelligence written by Anu Gupta and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-10-27 with Computers categories.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on VLSI Design and Test, VDAT 2023. The 32 regular papers and 16 short papers presented in this book are carefully reviewed and selected from 220 submissions. They are organized in topical sections as follows: Low-Power Integrated Circuits and Devices; FPGA-Based Design and Embedded Systems; Memory, Computing, and Processor Design; CAD for VLSI; Emerging Integrated Circuits and Systems; VLSI Testing and Security; and System-Level Design.

Designing Human Swarm Interaction Systems

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Author : Oscar Bjurling
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2025-02-20

Designing Human Swarm Interaction Systems written by Oscar Bjurling and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-02-20 with categories.

Swarms of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs, or drones) are envisioned to transform various fields, from emergency response to law enforcement and military operations. Drone swarms provide scalable, adaptable, and decentralized solutions for dynamic work environments. However, the successful integration of these multi-agent systems into real-world settings presents significant challenges, particularly in terms of how humans can safely and effectively interact with and control these systems. Human-Swarm Interaction (HSI) aims to address these challenges by exploring how human operators can manage multiple drones in a cohesive manner, even under highly complex, uncertain conditions. This thesis studies the problem of designing effective interaction mechanisms and interfaces for human operators to command drone swarms, specifically addressing challenges such as managing a large number of drones, supporting operators’ situational awareness, and balancing between centralized and decentralized control. The research highlights the necessity of rethinking conventional approaches by introducing alternative conceptual models, such as the "choir" metaphor, which re-imagines drone swarms as coordinated, semi-centralized ensembles rather than purely emergent, decentralized collectives. This metaphor aims to balance the collective, often unpredictable behavior of drone swarms with the predictable, directed actions needed in operational environments. By demonstrating how this metaphor can be operationalized in an HSI system architecture, the thesis provides new avenues for conceptualizing human interaction with autonomous systems. Using a design research approach incorporating multiple-case study and scenario-based design activities to envision future swarm application in dialogue with prospective end users, the thesis develops and evaluates prototypes that embody these nuanced HSI concepts. The interface prototypes draw design inspiration from Real-Time Strategy (RTS) games. These elements include group commands, high-level mission planning, and resource pooling to create a hybrid interaction model that allows operators to maintain both a broad overview and precise control of multiple autonomous and collaborating drones. Domain expert evaluations of these prototypes in contexts such as firefighting and airport management validate the practical utility of these concepts. The findings emphasize the value of adopting a Human-Technology-Organization (HTO) perspective in the design of HSI systems. Rather than focusing solely on the interaction between humans and technology, this systems-thinking approach acknowledges that drone swarms must be integrated into larger organizational frameworks, such as emergency response command structures or airport ground operations teams. It demonstrates that successful deployment requires accounting for the broader organizational context, including roles, workflows, and coordination needs. This holistic approach to HSI system design ensures that drone swarms not only meet technical performance criteria, such as reliability, responsiveness, and scalability, but also align with human and organizational needs, facilitating their adoption and effective use in a wide range of real-world scenarios. Ultimately, these contributions are intended to bridge the gap between theoretical models of swarm control and practical deployment, advancing both the field of HSI and the broader adoption of drone swarm technologies. Svärmar av obemannade luftfarkoster (UAV, eller drönare) förväntas omvandla flera områden, exempelvis räddningsinsatser, brottsbekämpning, och militäroperationer. Drönarsvärmar innebar skalbara, anpassningsbara, och decentraliserade lösningar for dynamiska arbetsuppgifter. Den lyckade integreringen av dessa multi-agent-system i verkliga miljöer innebar dock betydande utmaningar, särskilt med avseende på hur människor säkert och effektivt interagerar med och kontrollerar dessa system. Forskningsfältet Människa-Svärm Interaktion (MSI) syftar till att möta dessa utmaningar genom att undersöka hur mänskliga operatorer kan hantera flera drönare på ett sammanhängande vis, även under komplexa och osäkra förhållanden. Denna avhandling utreder problemet att utforma effektiva och säkra interaktionsmekanismer och gränssnitt for mänskliga operatorer att leda drönarsvärmar, specifikt genom att adressera utmaningar som att hantera ett stort antal drönare, stödja operatorers situationsmedvetenhet, och balansera mellan centraliserad och decentraliserad kontroll. Avhandlingen betonar vikten av att ifrågasatta konventionella tillvägagångssätt genom att introducera alternativa konceptuella modeller, såsom "kör"-metaforen, som omtolkar drönarsvärmar som koordinerade, semicentraliserade ensembler snarare än rent decentraliserade kollektiv. Denna metafor syftar till att balansera det kollektiva, ofta oförutsägbara beteendet hos drönarsvärmar med de förutsägbara, riktade handlingar som behövs i operativa miljöer. Genom att visa hur denna metafor kan operationaliseras i en MSI-systemarkitektur, erbjuder avhandlingen nya sätt att konceptualisera mänsklig interaktion med autonoma system. Genom att tillämpa en designforskningsmetod som innefattar fallstudier och scenariobaserade designaktiviteter för att föreställa sig framtida svärmtillämpningar i dialog med potentiella slutanvändare, utvecklar och utvärderar avhandlingen prototyper som manifesterar dessa nyanserade MSI-koncept. Gränssnittens prototyper drar designinspiration från realtidsstrategispel (RTS). Dessa element inkluderar enhetshantering och kommandon på gruppnivå, strategisk uppdragsplanering, och resursdelning för att skapa en hybrid interaktionsmodell som gör det möjligt för operatörer att både bibehålla en bred lägesbild och utöva precis kontroll över flera autonoma och samverkande drönare. Domänexperters utvärderingar av dessa prototyper i arbetskontexter som brandbekämpning och flygplatsledning påvisar den praktiska användbarheten av dessa koncept. Resultaten betonar värdet av att anta ett Människa-Teknik-Organisation (MTO)-perspektiv vid utformningen av MSI-system. Snarare än att enbart fokusera på interaktionen mellan människor och teknik, erkänner detta systemtänkande tillvägagångssätt att drönarsvärmar måste integreras i större organisatoriska ramar, såsom ledningsstrukturer for räddningsinsatser eller markoperativa team på flygplatser. Det visar att framgångsrik implementering av drönarsvärmar kräver att systemutvecklare tar hänsyn till det bredare organisatoriska sammanhanget, inklusive roller, arbetsflöden, och samverkansbehov. Detta holistiska tillvägagångssatt för utformningen av MSI-system säkerställer att drönarsvärmar inte bara uppfyller tekniska prestandakriterier, såsom tillförlitlighet, responsivitet, och skalbarhet, utan också överensstämmer med mänskliga och organisatoriska behov, vilket underlättar deras införande och effektiv användning i en mängd olika tillämpningsscenarier. Över lag är dessa forskningsbidrag avsedda att överbrygga gapet mellan teoretiska modeller för svärmstyrning och praktisk implementering, och därmed avancera och främja både MSI-området och den bredare användningen av svärmteknologier.

Human Centred Design Of Socially Interactive Virtual Agents

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Author : Emma Mainza Chilufya
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2025-02-24

Human Centred Design Of Socially Interactive Virtual Agents written by Emma Mainza Chilufya and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-02-24 with categories.

The thesis is within the field of cognitive science, set within the domains of situated cognition and mediated action with a focus on mediation in Human- Computer Interaction (HCI). It discusses cognition in relation to users, Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVAs), and the interaction environment. The perspectives and actions of users (humans) significantly influence the course of the interaction. IVAs as mediators facilitate interactions between users and their environments. As agents, they actively engage with users, influencing their decisions and behaviours. User involvement in the design process is important for the design of interactive systems. When properly implemented, using the correct methods, principles, and techniques can lead to the development of systems that are effective, efficient, and satisfying to use. IVA research has shown a lack of user participation methodologies in the design process. The design of IVAs often focuses on individual elements and not the IVA as an integrated whole. As a result, these design insights do not easily convert into actionable guidelines. User involvement is primarily seen during the evaluation phase. This leads to the purpose of looking at the design of interactive interfaces of embodied agents (virtual and physical) set in social interactive spaces by involving the users in the conceptual generation and prototyping phase. The research questions are: How can we design interactive virtual agents for social interactive spaces? and How can we apply human-centred design methods to develop interactive virtual agents for social interactive spaces? Two case studies: a virtual receptionist for a university department and a reading robot (BookBot) for fourth-grade pupils are conducted. Each case study involved a concept generation and prototyping phase with the users using human-centred design (HCD) methods and tools. Prototypes were developed based on the conceptual phase findings and evaluated with the users. One key contribution is the application of HCD methodologies in the design of IVAs within social interactive spaces. This includes considerations of the context of interaction: mediation patterns, and the spaces of interaction. Another contribution is the introduction of novel design approaches/ solution features and competencies that designers should have when designing IVAs in social interactive spaces. The thesis presents exemplars of IVAs in these spaces. Avhandlingen ligger inom området kognitiv vetenskap, med fokus på situerad kognition och medierad handling inom Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Den diskuterar kognition i relation till användare, intelligenta virtuella agenter (IVAs) och interaktionsmiljön. Användarnas (människors) perspektiv och handlingar påverkar i hög grad interaktionens förlopp. IVAs som medlare underlättar interaktioner mellan användare och deras miljöer. Som agenter engagerar de sig aktivt med användare och påverkar deras beslut och beteenden. Användarinvolvering i designprocessen är viktig for utformningen av interaktiva system. När den genomförs korrekt, med rätt metoder, principer och tekniker, kan den leda till utveckling av system som är effektiva, ändamålsenliga och tillfredsställande att använda. Forskning om IVAs har visat en brist på användarmetoder i designprocessen. Designen av IVAs fokuserar ofta på individuella element och inte på IVA som en integrerad helhet. Som ett resultat är dessa designinsikter svara att omvandla till handlingsbara riktlinjer. Användardeltagande ses främst under utvärderingsfasen. Detta leder till syftet att undersöka designen av interaktiva gränssnitt för forkroppsligade agenter (virtuella och fysiska) i sociala interaktiva utrymmen genom att involvera användarna i den konceptuella genereringen och prototypfasen. Forskningsfrågorna är: Hur kan vi designa interaktiva virtuella agenter for sociala interaktiva utrymmen? och Hur kan vi tillämpa användarcentrerade designmetoder för att utveckla interaktiva virtuella agenter för sociala interaktiva utrymmen? Två fallstudier: en virtuell receptionist för en universitetsavdelning och en läsrobot (BookBot) för fjärdeklassare utförs. Varje fallstudie involverade en konceptgenererings- och prototypfas med användarna med hjälp av användarcentrerade designmetoder och verktyg. Prototyper utvecklades baserat på resultaten från den konceptuella fasen och utvärderades med användarna. Ett viktigt bidrag är tillämpningen av användarcentrerade designmetoder i designen av IVAs inom sociala interaktiva utrymmen. Detta inkluderar överväganden av interaktionskontexten: medlingsmönster och interaktionsutrymmen. Ett annat bidrag är introduktionen av nya designmetoder/lösningsfunktioner och kompetenser som designers bör ha när de designar IVAs i sociala interaktiva utrymmen. Avhandlingen presenterar exempel på IVAs i dessa utrymmen.

Synthesis And Optimization Of Fpga Based Systems

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Author : Valery Sklyarov
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2014-03-14

Synthesis And Optimization Of Fpga Based Systems written by Valery Sklyarov and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.

The book is composed of two parts. The first part introduces the concepts of the design of digital systems using contemporary field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Various design techniques are discussed and illustrated by examples. The operation and effectiveness of these techniques is demonstrated through experiments that use relatively cheap prototyping boards that are widely available. The book begins with easily understandable introductory sections, continues with commonly used digital circuits, and then gradually extends to more advanced topics. The advanced topics include novel techniques where parallelism is applied extensively. These techniques involve not only core reconfigurable logical elements, but also use embedded blocks such as memories and digital signal processing slices and interactions with general-purpose and application-specific computing systems. Fully synthesizable specifications are provided in a hardware-description language (VHDL) and are ready to be tested and incorporated in engineering designs. A number of practical applications are discussed from areas such as data processing and vector-based computations (e.g. Hamming weight counters/comparators). The second part of the book covers the more theoretical aspects of finite state machine synthesis with the main objective of reducing basic FPGA resources, minimizing delays and achieving greater optimization of circuits and systems.

Designing For Resilience

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Author : Vanessa Rodrigues
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2020-05-05

Designing For Resilience written by Vanessa Rodrigues and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-05 with categories.

Services are prone to change in the form of expected and unexpected variations and disruptions, more so given the increasing interconnectedness and complexity of service systems today. These changes require service systems to be resilient and designed to adapt, to ensure that services continue to work smoothly. This thesis problematises the prevailing view and assumptions underpinning the current understanding of resilience in services. Drawing on literature from service management, service design, systems thinking and social-ecological resilience theory, this work investigates how service design can foster resilience in service systems. Supported by empirical input from three research projects in healthcare, the findings show service design can contribute to the adaptability and transformability of service systems through its holistic, human-centred, participatory and experimental approaches. Through the analysis, this research identifies key intervention points for cultivating service systems resilience through service design, including the design of service interactions, processes, enabling structures and multi-level governance. The study makes two important contributions. First, it extends the understanding of service systems resilience as the collective capacity for intentional action in responding to ongoing change, coordinated across scales in order to create value. This is supported by offering alternative assumptions about resilience in service. Second, it positions service design as an enabler of service resilience by explicitly linking design practice(s) to processes that contribute to resilience. By extending the understanding of service systems resilience, this thesis lays the groundwork for future research at the intersection of service design, systemic change and resilience.