Tastes And Consequences

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Arbitrage And Rational Decisions

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Author : Robert Nau
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2025-01-31

Arbitrage And Rational Decisions written by Robert Nau and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-01-31 with Mathematics categories.

This unique book offers a new approach to the modeling of rational decision-making under conditions of uncertainty and strategic and competition interactions among agents. It presents a unified theory in which the most basic axiom of rationality is the principle of no-arbitrage, namely that neither an individual decision maker nor a small group of strategic competitors nor a large group of market participants should behave in such a way as to provide a riskless profit opportunity to an outside observer. Both those who work in the finance area and those who work in decision theory more broadly will be interested to find that basic tools from finance (arbitrage pricing and risk-neutral probabilities) have broader applications, including the modeling of subjective probability and expected utility, incomplete preferences, inseparable probabilities and utilities, nonexpected utility, ambiguity, noncooperative games, and social choice. Key results in all these areas can be derived from a single principle and essentially the same mathematics. A number of insights emerge from this approach. One is that the presence of money (or not) is hugely important for modeling decision behavior in quantitative terms and for dealing with issues of common knowledge of numerical parameters of a situation. Another is that beliefs (probabilities) do not need to be uniquely separated from tastes (utilities) for the modeling of phenomena such as aversion to uncertainty and ambiguity. Another over-arching issue is that probabilities and utilities are always to some extent indeterminate, but this does not create problems for the arbitrage-based theories. One of the book’s key contributions is to show how noncooperative game theory can be directly unified with Bayesian decision theory and financial market theory without introducing separate assumptions about strategic rationality. This leads to the conclusion that correlated equilibrium rather than Nash equilibrium is the fundamental solution concept. The book is written to be accessible to advanced undergraduates and graduate students, researchers in the field, and professionals.

Taste

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Author : Lloyd M. Beidler
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Taste written by Lloyd M. Beidler and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

Taste receptors monitor the quality of all the food ingested. They are intimately involved in both food acceptance and rejection. The sensation of taste is also important in the regulation of many specific chemicals necessary for maintenance of the body. For example, disturbance of the adrenal glands results in a change in the intake of salt which is necessary for regulation of the sodium balance. Curt Richter's early studies on specific hungers and preference thresholds initiated a large number of studies in this field. The relationship between taste and food intake is now well recognized by physiologists, psychologists and nutritionists. Our current concepts of the neural coding of taste quality and intensity are largely based upon the classical paper by PFAFFMANN in 1941. Many subsequent single nerve fiber studies have added to our understanding. In recent years Zotterman and Diamant have successfully recorded from the human taste nerves as they pass through the middle ear. This allowed them to study the relationships between the response of taste receptors and the resultant taste sensation. No similar feat has yet been accomplished with the visual and auditory systems.

Flavor

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Author : Elisabeth Guichard
language : en
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Release Date : 2022-08-18

Flavor written by Elisabeth Guichard and has been published by Woodhead Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Flavor: From Food to Behaviors, Wellbeing and Health, Second Edition presents the different mechanisms of flavor perception. Broken into four parts, the first begins with coverage of flavor release in humans. Part two addresses flavor perception, from molecules to receptors and brain integration. Part three analyzes flavor perception, preferences and food intake. Finally, part four considers flavor perception and physiological status. Academics working in the areas of sensory science, food quality, nutrition and human sciences, as well as research and development professionals and nutritionists, will benefit from this important revised reference. - Addresses the link between flavor perception and human behaviors, specifically human physiology in relation to perception - Presents opportunities for the reformulation of healthy foods while maintaining the acceptability by consumers - Explains how flavor compounds may modulate food intake and behavior - Assesses the influence of age, physiological disorders, or social environments on the impact of food flavor

Understanding Industrial And Corporate Change

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Author : Giovanni Dosi
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2005

Understanding Industrial And Corporate Change written by Giovanni Dosi and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Business & Economics categories.

'Understanding Industrial and Corporate Change' contains pioneering work on technological, organizational, and institutional change and explores three distinct themes: Markets and Organizations; Evolutionary Theory and Technological Change; and Strategy, Capabilities, and Knowledge Management.

The Psychology Of Food Choice

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Author : Richard Shepherd
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2006-01-01

The Psychology Of Food Choice written by Richard Shepherd and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-01 with Science categories.

Written by leading international experts, this book explores one of the central difficulties faced by nutritionists today; how to improve people's health by getting them to change their dietary behaviour. It provides an overview of the current understanding of consumer food choice by exploring models of food choice, the motivations of consumers, biological, learning and societal influences on food choice, and food choices across the lifespan. It concludes by examining the barriers to dietary change and how nutritionists can best impact upon dietary behaviour.

Aging And Taste

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Author : Ritika Gupta
language : en
Publisher: Publifye AS
Release Date : 2025-03-12

Aging And Taste written by Ritika Gupta and has been published by Publifye AS this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-03-12 with Health & Fitness categories.

Aging And Taste explores the often-overlooked connection between aging, our senses of taste and smell, and overall food enjoyment. It examines how these senses change as we age, impacting our health, nutrition, and relationship with food. Understanding these shifts is crucial, especially considering that a decline in taste buds and olfactory function can reduce the flavor of food, potentially leading to decreased appetite and nutritional deficiencies in older adults. The book addresses both the physiological and psychological factors that contribute to altered eating habits, highlighting how taste and smell are linked to memories, emotions, and social contexts, influencing our emotional wellbeing. The book uniquely integrates biological and psychological aspects, moving beyond just the physical senses to consider the whole picture of how our relationship with food evolves. Beginning with the anatomy and physiology of taste and smell, it progresses to explore age-related sensory changes, drawing from sensory science, nutrition, and gerontology. It details declines in taste and smell sensitivity, examines their impact on appetite and food choices, and explores the psychosocial factors influencing eating behavior in older adults. Ultimately, Aging And Taste discusses practical strategies for enhancing food enjoyment and promoting healthy eating habits.

Strategies To Reduce Sodium Intake In The United States

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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2010-10-14

Strategies To Reduce Sodium Intake In The United States written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-14 with Medical categories.

Reducing the intake of sodium is an important public health goal for Americans. Since the 1970s, an array of public health interventions and national dietary guidelines has sought to reduce sodium intake. However, the U.S. population still consumes more sodium than is recommended, placing individuals at risk for diseases related to elevated blood pressure. Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States evaluates and makes recommendations about strategies that could be implemented to reduce dietary sodium intake to levels recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The book reviews past and ongoing efforts to reduce the sodium content of the food supply and to motivate consumers to change behavior. Based on past lessons learned, the book makes recommendations for future initiatives. It is an excellent resource for federal and state public health officials, the processed food and food service industries, health care professionals, consumer advocacy groups, and academic researchers.

Food Neophobia

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Author : Steve Reilly
language : en
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Release Date : 2018-01-02

Food Neophobia written by Steve Reilly and has been published by Woodhead Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Food Neophobia: Behavioral and Biological Influences brings together academic and applied studies to give a comprehensive overview of this topic in both sensory and consumer science and pediatric psychology. The effects of food neophobia can have a huge impact on children's lives and an influence across their lifespan. Split into two main sections, the book focuses on both the environmental and biological aspects of food neophobia. It covers social, contextual and psychosocial factors that affect food neophobia. Sensory aspects of food neophobia are covered with chapters on disgust and sensation seeking, and genetic and evolutionary influences are also thoroughly discussed. The book is essential reading for academic researchers studying food neophobia from a sensory, consumer science and psychological perspective. It will also be of value to food product developers, especially those working on products for children. Finally, healthcare professionals treating patients suffering from food neophobia will be able to gain greater insight into this condition. - Covers the environmental and social influences on food neophobia - Focuses on food neophobia in children and its effects on lifespan - Includes discussions on the sensory elements of food neophobia, such as disgust and sensation seeking - Provides treatment protocols for food neophobia

The Senses A Comprehensive Reference

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-09-30

The Senses A Comprehensive Reference written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-30 with Medical categories.

The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference, Second Edition, Seven Volume Set is a comprehensive reference work covering the range of topics that constitute current knowledge of the neural mechanisms underlying the different senses. This important work provides the most up-to-date, cutting-edge, comprehensive reference combining volumes on all major sensory modalities in one set. Offering 264 chapters from a distinguished team of international experts, The Senses lays out current knowledge on the anatomy, physiology, and molecular biology of sensory organs, in a collection of comprehensive chapters spanning 4 volumes. Topics covered include the perception, psychophysics, and higher order processing of sensory information, as well as disorders and new diagnostic and treatment methods. Written for a wide audience, this reference work provides students, scholars, medical doctors, as well as anyone interested in neuroscience, a comprehensive overview of the knowledge accumulated on the function of sense organs, sensory systems, and how the brain processes sensory input. As with the first edition, contributions from leading scholars from around the world will ensure The Senses offers a truly international portrait of sensory physiology. The set is the definitive reference on sensory neuroscience and provides the ultimate entry point into the review and original literature in Sensory Neuroscience enabling students and scientists to delve into the subject and deepen their knowledge. All-inclusive coverage of topics: updated edition offers readers the only current reference available covering neurobiology, physiology, anatomy, and molecular biology of sense organs and the processing of sensory information in the brain Authoritative content: world-leading contributors provide readers with a reputable, dynamic and authoritative account of the topics under discussion Comprehensive-style content: in-depth, complex coverage of topics offers students at upper undergraduate level and above full insight into topics under discussion

Processing Effects On Safety And Quality Of Foods

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Author : Enrique Ortega-Rivas
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2009-10-08

Processing Effects On Safety And Quality Of Foods written by Enrique Ortega-Rivas and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10-08 with Social Science categories.

Covers a Host of Groundbreaking TechniquesThermal processing is known to effectively control microbial populations in food, but the procedure also has a downsideit can break down the biochemical composition of foods, resulting in a marked loss of sensory and nutritional quality. Processing Effects on Safety and Quality of Foods delineates three dec