The Artificial And The Natural

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The Artificial And The Natural

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Author : Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2007

The Artificial And The Natural written by Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Philosophy categories.

These essays - written by specialists of different periods and various disciplines - reveal that the division between nature and art has been continually challenged and reassesed in Western thought. Nature and art, the essays suggest, are mutually constructed, defining and redifining themselves.

The Reality Of The Artificial

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Author : Massimo Negrotti
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-06-05

The Reality Of The Artificial written by Massimo Negrotti and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-05 with Computers categories.

The human ambition to reproduce and improve natural objects and processes has a long history, and ranges from dreams to actual design, from Icarus’s wings to modern robotics and bioengineering. This imperative seems to be linked not only to practical utility but also to our deepest psychology. Nevertheless, reproducing something natural is not an easy enterprise, and the actual replication of a natural object or process by means of some technology is impossible. In this book the author uses the term naturoid to designate any real artifact arising from our attempts to reproduce natural instances. He concentrates on activities that involve the reproduction of something existing in nature, and whose reproduction, through construction strategies which differ from natural ones, we consider to be useful, appealing or interesting. The development of naturoids may be viewed as a distinct class of technological activity, and the concept should be useful for methodological research into establishing the common rules, potentialities and constraints that characterize the human effort to reproduce natural objects. The author shows that a naturoid is always the result of a reduction of the complexity of natural objects, due to an unavoidable multiple selection strategy. Nevertheless, the reproduction process implies that naturoids take on their own new complexity, resulting in a transfiguration of the natural exemplars and their performances, and leading to a true innovation explosion. While the core performances of contemporary naturoids improve, paradoxically the more a naturoid develops the further it moves away from its natural counterpart. Therefore, naturoids will more and more affect our relationships with advanced technologies and with nature, but in ways quite beyond our predictive capabilities. The book will be of interest to design scholars and researchers of technology, cultural studies, anthropology and the sociology of science and technology.

Adaptation In Natural And Artificial Systems

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Author : John H. Holland
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1992-04-29

Adaptation In Natural And Artificial Systems written by John H. Holland and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-04-29 with Psychology categories.

Genetic algorithms are playing an increasingly important role in studies of complex adaptive systems, ranging from adaptive agents in economic theory to the use of machine learning techniques in the design of complex devices such as aircraft turbines and integrated circuits. Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems is the book that initiated this field of study, presenting the theoretical foundations and exploring applications. In its most familiar form, adaptation is a biological process, whereby organisms evolve by rearranging genetic material to survive in environments confronting them. In this now classic work, Holland presents a mathematical model that allows for the nonlinearity of such complex interactions. He demonstrates the model's universality by applying it to economics, physiological psychology, game theory, and artificial intelligence and then outlines the way in which this approach modifies the traditional views of mathematical genetics. Initially applying his concepts to simply defined artificial systems with limited numbers of parameters, Holland goes on to explore their use in the study of a wide range of complex, naturally occuring processes, concentrating on systems having multiple factors that interact in nonlinear ways. Along the way he accounts for major effects of coadaptation and coevolution: the emergence of building blocks, or schemata, that are recombined and passed on to succeeding generations to provide, innovations and improvements.

Intrinsically Motivated Learning In Natural And Artificial Systems

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Author : Gianluca Baldassarre
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-29

Intrinsically Motivated Learning In Natural And Artificial Systems written by Gianluca Baldassarre and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-29 with Computers categories.

It has become clear to researchers in robotics and adaptive behaviour that current approaches are yielding systems with limited autonomy and capacity for self-improvement. To learn autonomously and in a cumulative fashion is one of the hallmarks of intelligence, and we know that higher mammals engage in exploratory activities that are not directed to pursue goals of immediate relevance for survival and reproduction but are instead driven by intrinsic motivations such as curiosity, interest in novel stimuli or surprising events, and interest in learning new behaviours. The adaptive value of such intrinsically motivated activities lies in the fact that they allow the cumulative acquisition of knowledge and skills that can be used later to accomplish fitness-enhancing goals. Intrinsic motivations continue during adulthood, and in humans they underlie lifelong learning, artistic creativity, and scientific discovery, while they are also the basis for processes that strongly affect human well-being, such as the sense of competence, self-determination, and self-esteem. This book has two aims: to present the state of the art in research on intrinsically motivated learning, and to identify the related scientific and technological open challenges and most promising research directions. The book introduces the concept of intrinsic motivation in artificial systems, reviews the relevant literature, offers insights from the neural and behavioural sciences, and presents novel tools for research. The book is organized into six parts: the chapters in Part I give general overviews on the concept of intrinsic motivations, their function, and possible mechanisms for implementing them; Parts II, III, and IV focus on three classes of intrinsic motivation mechanisms, those based on predictors, on novelty, and on competence; Part V discusses mechanisms that are complementary to intrinsic motivations; and Part VI introduces tools and experimental frameworks for investigating intrinsic motivations. The contributing authors are among the pioneers carrying out fundamental work on this topic, drawn from related disciplines such as artificial intelligence, robotics, artificial life, evolution, machine learning, developmental psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. The book will be of value to graduate students and academic researchers in these domains, and to engineers engaged with the design of autonomous, adaptive robots. The contributing authors are among the pioneers carrying out fundamental work on this topic, drawn from related disciplines such as artificial intelligence, robotics, artificial life, evolution, machine learning, developmental psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. The book will be of value to graduate students and academic researchers in these domains, and to engineers engaged with the design of autonomous, adaptive robots.

Naturoids

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Author : Massimo Negrotti
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2002

Naturoids written by Massimo Negrotti and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Computers categories.

Since antiquity, technology has tried to either control or imitate nature. Both these traditions take advantage of the progress of science, but their teleology and their typical design problems remain basically different.The technology of the artificial may be defined as the effort to reproduce natural objects or processes by means of current conventional technology and materials. This book reports on the results of a theoretical study of the logic characterizing any attempt to design something artificial.While designers of artificial devices work in their own area facing field-specific problems (e.g. bioengineering, artificial organs, robotics, AI, ALife, remakings, etc.), the present study refers to the artificial in itself, trying to find out what is common to instances very far from each other, in an intrinsically interdisciplinary way. The result may be defined as a proposal of a general theory of the artificial.

Natural And Artificial Minds

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Author : Robert G. Burton
language : en
Publisher: State University of New York Press
Release Date : 1993-08-10

Natural And Artificial Minds written by Robert G. Burton and has been published by State University of New York Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-08-10 with Psychology categories.

This book describes and explores six current approaches to the study of mind: the neuroscientific, the behavioral, the competence approach, the ecological, the phenomenological, and the computational. No other book in cognitive science covers such a broad range of research programs and topics in such a balanced fashion. The first chapter is a mini-history and philosophy of psychology which reviews some of the scientific developments and philosophical arguments behind these six different approaches. Each subsequent chapter presents work that is on the frontiers of research in its field.

Naturoids

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Author : Massimo Negrotti
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2002-12-30

Naturoids written by Massimo Negrotti and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-12-30 with Computers categories.

Since antiquity, technology has tried to either control or imitate nature. Both these traditions take advantage of the progress of science, but their teleology and their typical design problems remain basically different. The technology of the artificial may be defined as the effort to reproduce natural objects or processes by means of current conventional technology and materials. This book reports on the results of a theoretical study of the logic characterizing any attempt to design something artificial. While designers of artificial devices work in their own area facing field-specific problems (e.g. bioengineering, artificial organs, robotics, AI, ALife, remakings, etc.), the present study refers to the artificial in itself, trying to find out what is common to instances very far from each other, in an intrinsically interdisciplinary way. The result may be defined as a proposal of a general theory of the artificial. Contents: Theory:The Icarus SyndromeThe Concept of Artificial: Fiction and Reality‘Copies’ of RealityThe First Step Toward the Artificial: ObservationEyes and Mind: RepresentationsThe Exemplar: Background and ForegroundEssentially, What Is a Rose?Reality Does Not Offer Any DiscountThe Difficult Synthesis of the Observation LevelsEmergency and Transfiguration: i.e., ‘Something Always Occurs’Classification of the ArtificialA Note About AutomatismsThe Reality of the Artificial:The Bionic ManThe Universe Under the MicroscopeThe Boundary Between Illusion and CompatibilityThe Artificial as an InterfaceThe Difficult Choice Between Structure and ProcessArtificial Organs and SensesThe Artificial BrainProstheses and SurrogatesArtificial EnvironmentsVirtual Reality Readership: Researchers in bioengineering, artificial intelligence, the sociology and history of technology, art and medicine, and philosophy. Keywords:

Natural Or Man Made

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Author : Kelli Hicks
language : en
Publisher: Carson-Dellosa Publishing
Release Date : 2019-02-08

Natural Or Man Made written by Kelli Hicks and has been published by Carson-Dellosa Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-08 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.

Intermediate Readers Distinguish Between Natural And Man-Made Objects.

Climate And Land Use Impacts On Natural And Artificial Systems

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Author : Margarit Mircea Nistor
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2021-07-20

Climate And Land Use Impacts On Natural And Artificial Systems written by Margarit Mircea Nistor and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-20 with Science categories.

Climate and Land Use Impacts on Natural and Artificial Systems: Mitigation and Adaptation provides in-depth information on the linkages between climate change and land use, how they are related, how land use is shifting over time, and the major global regions at risk for climate and land use changes. This comprehensive resource discusses climatic factors and processes that impact natural and artificial systems, as well as the relationship between climate change and both natural and man-made hazards. The book includes case studies and original maps to provide real-life examples of climate change and land use over regions around the globe. In addition, the book presents future perspectives on mitigation and adaptation of the climate change impact. Summarizes current research on land use and climate change Provides future perspectives on climate change using climate models Includes case studies to provide real-life examples from various countries Incorporates high level graphics, images, and maps to support reviews and case studies

The Natural And Artificial Right Of Property Contrasted

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Author : Thomas Hodgskin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1832

The Natural And Artificial Right Of Property Contrasted written by Thomas Hodgskin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1832 with Right of property categories.