The Artificial And The Natural
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Adaptation In Natural And Artificial Systems
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Author : John H. Holland
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1992-04-29
Adaptation In Natural And Artificial Systems written by John H. Holland and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-04-29 with Psychology categories.
Genetic algorithms are playing an increasingly important role in studies of complex adaptive systems, ranging from adaptive agents in economic theory to the use of machine learning techniques in the design of complex devices such as aircraft turbines and integrated circuits. Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems is the book that initiated this field of study, presenting the theoretical foundations and exploring applications. In its most familiar form, adaptation is a biological process, whereby organisms evolve by rearranging genetic material to survive in environments confronting them. In this now classic work, Holland presents a mathematical model that allows for the nonlinearity of such complex interactions. He demonstrates the model's universality by applying it to economics, physiological psychology, game theory, and artificial intelligence and then outlines the way in which this approach modifies the traditional views of mathematical genetics. Initially applying his concepts to simply defined artificial systems with limited numbers of parameters, Holland goes on to explore their use in the study of a wide range of complex, naturally occuring processes, concentrating on systems having multiple factors that interact in nonlinear ways. Along the way he accounts for major effects of coadaptation and coevolution: the emergence of building blocks, or schemata, that are recombined and passed on to succeeding generations to provide, innovations and improvements.
Climate And Land Use Impacts On Natural And Artificial Systems
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Author : Margarit Mircea Nistor
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2021-07-23
Climate And Land Use Impacts On Natural And Artificial Systems written by Margarit Mircea Nistor and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-23 with Business & Economics categories.
Climate and Land Use Impacts on Natural and Artificial Systems: Mitigation and Adaptation provides in-depth information on the linkages between climate change and land use, how they are related, how land use is shifting over time, and the major global regions at risk for climate and land use changes. This comprehensive resource discusses climatic factors and processes that impact natural and artificial systems, as well as the relationship between climate change and both natural and man-made hazards. The book includes case studies and original maps to provide real-life examples of climate change and land use over regions around the globe. In addition, the book presents future perspectives on mitigation and adaptation of the climate change impact. Summarizes current research on land use and climate change Provides future perspectives on climate change using climate models Includes case studies to provide real-life examples from various countries Incorporates high level graphics, images, and maps to support reviews and case studies
Natural And Artificial Flavoring Agents And Food Dyes
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Author : Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2017-09-15
Natural And Artificial Flavoring Agents And Food Dyes written by Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Natural and Artificial Flavoring Agents and Dyes, Volume 7 in the Handbook of Food Bioengineering series, examines the use of natural vs. artificial food dyes and flavors, highlighting some of the newest production and purification methods. This solid resource explores the most recent trends and benefits of using natural agents over artificial in the production of foods and beverages. Using the newest technologies and evidence-based research methods, the book demonstrates how natural flavoring agents and dyes can be produced by plants, microorganisms and animals to produce higher quality foods that are more economical and safe to the consumer. - Explores the most common natural compounds and how to utilize them with cutting edge technologies - Includes information on the purification and production processes under various conditions - Presents the latest research to show benefits of using natural additives
Intrinsically Motivated Learning In Natural And Artificial Systems
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Author : Gianluca Baldassarre
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-29
Intrinsically Motivated Learning In Natural And Artificial Systems written by Gianluca Baldassarre and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-29 with Computers categories.
It has become clear to researchers in robotics and adaptive behaviour that current approaches are yielding systems with limited autonomy and capacity for self-improvement. To learn autonomously and in a cumulative fashion is one of the hallmarks of intelligence, and we know that higher mammals engage in exploratory activities that are not directed to pursue goals of immediate relevance for survival and reproduction but are instead driven by intrinsic motivations such as curiosity, interest in novel stimuli or surprising events, and interest in learning new behaviours. The adaptive value of such intrinsically motivated activities lies in the fact that they allow the cumulative acquisition of knowledge and skills that can be used later to accomplish fitness-enhancing goals. Intrinsic motivations continue during adulthood, and in humans they underlie lifelong learning, artistic creativity, and scientific discovery, while they are also the basis for processes that strongly affect human well-being, such as the sense of competence, self-determination, and self-esteem. This book has two aims: to present the state of the art in research on intrinsically motivated learning, and to identify the related scientific and technological open challenges and most promising research directions. The book introduces the concept of intrinsic motivation in artificial systems, reviews the relevant literature, offers insights from the neural and behavioural sciences, and presents novel tools for research. The book is organized into six parts: the chapters in Part I give general overviews on the concept of intrinsic motivations, their function, and possible mechanisms for implementing them; Parts II, III, and IV focus on three classes of intrinsic motivation mechanisms, those based on predictors, on novelty, and on competence; Part V discusses mechanisms that are complementary to intrinsic motivations; and Part VI introduces tools and experimental frameworks for investigating intrinsic motivations. The contributing authors are among the pioneers carrying out fundamental work on this topic, drawn from related disciplines such as artificial intelligence, robotics, artificial life, evolution, machine learning, developmental psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. The book will be of value to graduate students and academic researchers in these domains, and to engineers engaged with the design of autonomous, adaptive robots. The contributing authors are among the pioneers carrying out fundamental work on this topic, drawn from related disciplines such as artificial intelligence, robotics, artificial life, evolution, machine learning, developmental psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. The book will be of value to graduate students and academic researchers in these domains, and to engineers engaged with the design of autonomous, adaptive robots.
Natural Or Man Made
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Author : Kelli L. Hicks
language : en
Publisher: Britannica Digital Learning
Release Date : 2020-01-01
Natural Or Man Made written by Kelli L. Hicks and has been published by Britannica Digital Learning this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-01 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.
Updated for 2020, Intermediate readers distinguish between natural and man-made objects.
Naturoids On The Nature Of The Artificial
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Author : Massimo Negrotti
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2002-12-30
Naturoids On The Nature Of The Artificial written by Massimo Negrotti and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-12-30 with Computers categories.
Since antiquity, technology has tried to either control or imitate nature. Both these traditions take advantage of the progress of science, but their teleology and their typical design problems remain basically different.The technology of the artificial may be defined as the effort to reproduce natural objects or processes by means of current conventional technology and materials. This book reports on the results of a theoretical study of the logic characterizing any attempt to design something artificial.While designers of artificial devices work in their own area facing field-specific problems (e.g. bioengineering, artificial organs, robotics, AI, ALife, remakings, etc.), the present study refers to the artificial in itself, trying to find out what is common to instances very far from each other, in an intrinsically interdisciplinary way. The result may be defined as a proposal of a general theory of the artificial.
From Natural To Artificial Intelligence
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Author : Ricardo López-Ruiz
language : en
Publisher: Intechopen
Release Date : 2018
From Natural To Artificial Intelligence written by Ricardo López-Ruiz and has been published by Intechopen this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Computers categories.
We define Etherealware as the concept of implementing the functionality of an algorithm by means of the clocking scheme of a cellular automaton (CA). We show, which functions can be implemented in this way, and by which CAs.
The Artificial And The Natural
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Author : Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2007
The Artificial And The Natural written by Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Philosophy categories.
These essays - written by specialists of different periods and various disciplines - reveal that the division between nature and art has been continually challenged and reassesed in Western thought. Nature and art, the essays suggest, are mutually constructed, defining and redifining themselves.
The Sciences Of The Artificial
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Author : Herbert Alexander Simon
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press (MA)
Release Date : 1969
The Sciences Of The Artificial written by Herbert Alexander Simon and has been published by MIT Press (MA) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1969 with Computers categories.
The Sciences of the Artificialreveals the design of an intellectual structure aimed at accommodating those empirical phenomena that are "artificial" rather than "natural." The goal is to show how empirical sciences of artificial systems are possible, even in the face of the contingent and teleological character of the phenomena, their attributes of choice and purpose. Developing in some detail two specific examples—human psychology and engineering design—Professor Simon describes the shape of these sciences as they are emerging from developments of the past 25 years. "Artificial" is used here in a very specific sense: to denote systems that have a given form and behavior only because they adapt (or are adapted), in reference to goals or purposes, to their environment. Thus, both man-made artifacts and man himself, in terms of his behavior, are artificial. Simon characterizes an artificial system as an interface between two environments—inner and outer. These environments lie in the province of "natural science," but the interface, linking them, is the realm of "artificial science." When an artificial system adapts successfully, its behavior shows mostly the shape of the outer environment and reveals little of the structure or mechanisms of the inner. The inner environment becomes significant for behavior only when a system reaches the limits of its rationality and adaptability, and contingency degenerates into necessity.
Contemporary Philosophy And Social Science
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Author : Michiru Nagatsu
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2019-05-30
Contemporary Philosophy And Social Science written by Michiru Nagatsu and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-30 with Philosophy categories.
How should we theorize about the social world? How can we integrate theories, models and approaches from seemingly incompatible disciplines? Does theory affect social reality? This state-of-the-art collection addresses contemporary methodological questions and interdisciplinary developments in the philosophy of social science. Facilitating a mutually enriching dialogue, chapters by leading social scientists are followed by critical evaluations from philosophers of social science. This exchange showcases recent major theoretical and methodological breakthroughs and challenges in the social sciences, as well as fruitful ways in which the analytic tools developed in philosophy of science can be applied to understand these advancements. The volume covers a diverse range of principles, methods, innovations and applications, including scientific and methodological pluralism, performativity of theories, causal inferences and applications of social science to policy and business. Taking a practice-orientated and interactive approach, it offers a new philosophy of social science grounded in and relevant to the emerging social science practice.