The B L Phase Transition
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The B L Phase Transition
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Author : Kai Schmitz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-10-30
The B L Phase Transition written by Kai Schmitz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-30 with Science categories.
Several of the very foundations of the cosmological standard model — the baryon asymmetry of the universe, dark matter, and the origin of the hot big bang itself — still call for an explanation from the perspective of fundamental physics. This work advocates one intriguing possibility for a consistent cosmology that fills in the theoretical gaps while being fully in accordance with the observational data. At very high energies, the universe might have been in a false vacuum state that preserved B-L, the difference between the baryon number B and the lepton number L as a local symmetry. In this state, the universe experienced a stage of hybrid inflation that only ended when the false vacuum became unstable and decayed, in the course of a waterfall transition, into a phase with spontaneously broken B-L symmetry. This B-L Phase Transition was accompanied by tachyonic preheating that transferred almost the entire energy of the false vacuum into a gas of B-L Higgs bosons, which in turn decayed into heavy Majorana neutrinos. Eventually, these neutrinos decayed into massless radiation, thereby producing the entropy of the hot big bang, generating the baryon asymmetry of the universe via the leptogenesis mechanism and setting the stage for the production of dark matter. Next to a variety of conceptual novelties and phenomenological predictions, the main achievement of the thesis is hence the fascinating notion that the leading role in the first act of our universe might have actually been played by neutrinos.
The B L Phase Transition
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Author : Kai Schmitz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013-11-30
The B L Phase Transition written by Kai Schmitz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-30 with categories.
Modeling Phase Transitions In The Brain
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Author : D. Alistair Steyn-Ross
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-03-14
Modeling Phase Transitions In The Brain written by D. Alistair Steyn-Ross and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-14 with Medical categories.
Foreword by Walter J. Freeman. The induction of unconsciousness using anesthetic agents demonstrates that the cerebral cortex can operate in two very different behavioral modes: alert and responsive vs. unaware and quiescent. But the states of wakefulness and sleep are not single-neuron properties---they emerge as bulk properties of cooperating populations of neurons, with the switchover between states being similar to the physical change of phase observed when water freezes or ice melts. Some brain-state transitions, such as sleep cycling, anesthetic induction, epileptic seizure, are obvious and detected readily with a few EEG electrodes; others, such as the emergence of gamma rhythms during cognition, or the ultra-slow BOLD rhythms of relaxed free-association, are much more subtle. The unifying theme of this book is the notion that all of these bulk changes in brain behavior can be treated as phase transitions between distinct brain states. Modeling Phase Transitions in the Brain contains chapter contributions from leading researchers who apply state-space methods, network models, and biophysically-motivated continuum approaches to investigate a range of neuroscientifically relevant problems that include analysis of nonstationary EEG time-series; network topologies that limit epileptic spreading; saddle--node bifurcations for anesthesia, sleep-cycling, and the wake--sleep switch; prediction of dynamical and noise-induced spatiotemporal instabilities underlying BOLD, alpha-, and gamma-band Hopf oscillations, gap-junction-moderated Turing structures, and Hopf-Turing interactions leading to cortical waves.
Dynamics Of First Order Phase Transitions Proceedings Of The Workshop
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Author : Herrmann Hans J
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1992-11-10
Dynamics Of First Order Phase Transitions Proceedings Of The Workshop written by Herrmann Hans J and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-11-10 with categories.
Fourth Paris Cosmology Colloquium Phase Transitions In Cosmology Euroconference
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Author : H J De Vega
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1998-06-30
Fourth Paris Cosmology Colloquium Phase Transitions In Cosmology Euroconference written by H J De Vega and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-06-30 with categories.
This book contains the lectures delivered at the Fourth Paris Cosmology Colloquium held at the Observatoire de Paris from June 4 - 9, 1997. This Colloquium ‘Phase Transitions in Cosmology’ is the first event of a EUROCONFERENCE series (‘Accompanying Measures’), with the support of the training and Mobility Programme of the Commision of the European Communities.The purpose of the Paris Cosmology Colloquia is to cover selected topics of high current interest in the interplay between cosmology and fundamental physics and to allow easy and fruitful interaction and communication between researchers in these areas. The main aim is to put in contact fundamental theoretical physics (including string theory) with real physical problems that arise in the study of the universe. The Paris Cosmology Colloquia are informal meetings which bring together physicists, astrophysicists and astronomers. Topics covered in this Fourth Paris Cosmology Colloquium included: cosmic microwave background, phase transitions in cosmology and evolution out of the equilibrium quantum fields, the value of the Hubble constant, fundamental strings in primordial cosmology, as well as other subjects of high current interest such as scaling laws in the interstellar medium and in the large scale structure, gravitational lensing and dark matter.
Probability And Phase Transition
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Author : G.R. Grimmett
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1994-01-31
Probability And Phase Transition written by G.R. Grimmett and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-01-31 with Mathematics categories.
This volume describes the current state of knowledge of random spatial processes, particularly those arising in physics. The emphasis is on survey articles which describe areas of current interest to probabilists and physicists working on the probability theory of phase transition. Special attention is given to topics deserving further research. The principal contributions by leading researchers concern the mathematical theory of random walk, interacting particle systems, percolation, Ising and Potts models, spin glasses, cellular automata, quantum spin systems, and metastability. The level of presentation and review is particularly suitable for postgraduate and postdoctoral workers in mathematics and physics, and for advanced specialists in the probability theory of spatial disorder and phase transition.
Collective Motion And Phase Transitions In Nuclear Systems Proceedings Of The Predeal International Summer School In Nuclear Physics
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Author : Virgil Baran
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2007-04-05
Collective Motion And Phase Transitions In Nuclear Systems Proceedings Of The Predeal International Summer School In Nuclear Physics written by Virgil Baran and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-04-05 with Science categories.
This volume contains the invited contributions that were presented at the Predeal International Summer School in Nuclear Physics 2006. It covers the recent achievements in the fields of nuclear structure, double beta decay, nuclear multifragmentation, kaon and dilepton production in heavy ion collisions, and the quark-gluon plasma. The treatment is both theoretical and experimental, with emphasis on the collective aspects and related phase transitions. The papers are authored by many leading researchers in the field.
Phase Behavior Of Two Dimensional Water Confined In Graphene Nanocapillaries
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Author : YinBo Zhu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-10-07
Phase Behavior Of Two Dimensional Water Confined In Graphene Nanocapillaries written by YinBo Zhu and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-07 with Science categories.
In this book, the authors use molecular dynamics simulations to conduct a comprehensive study of the compression/superheating limit and phase transition of 2D (monolayer, bilayer, and trilayer) water/ice constrained in graphene nanocapillaries. When subjected to nanoscale confinement and under ultrahigh pressure, water and ice behave quite differently than their bulk counterparts, partly because the van der Waals pressure can spark a water-to-ice transformation, known as the metastability limit of two-dimensional (2D) liquids. From a mechanical standpoint, this liquid-to-solid transformation characterizes the compression limit (or metastability limit) of 2D water. The findings presented here could help us to better understand the phase behavior of 2D confined water/ice.
Phase Transitions In Solids Under High Pressure
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Author : Vladimir Davydovich Blank
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2013-10-25
Phase Transitions In Solids Under High Pressure written by Vladimir Davydovich Blank and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-25 with Science categories.
The use of high-pressure techniques has become popular for studying the nature of substances and phenomena occurring in them, especially as a means of obtaining new materials (synthesis under high pressure) and processing known materials (hydroextrusion). A product of many years of research by the authors and their colleagues, Phase Transitions in Solids under High Pressure discusses the relationships of phase transformations in solids under high pressure, the mechanism of these transformations, crystal geometry, the effect of deformation, the conditions of formation, and preservation of the high-pressure phases under normal pressure. The book begins with an introduction that describes the relationship of the thermodynamics of phase transformations and the kinetics of the transformations. This is followed by a chapter explaining the equipment and mostly original procedures for investigating phase transformation in solids under high hydrostatic and quasi-hydrostatic pressures. The book covers phase transformations under high pressure in a wide temperature range in the elements carbon, silicon, germanium, titanium, zirconium, iron, gallium, and cerium as well as in titanium- and iron-based alloys and AIBVII, AIIBVI, and AIIIBV compounds. In addition, the book examines the kinetics of phase transformations in iron-based alloys in isobaric–isothermal conditions. The authors present results for phase transformations in deformation under high pressure, describe several non-trivial effects associated with phase transformations under high pressure, and analyze the kinetics and hysteresis of high-temperature and low-temperature phase transformations. They conclude by describing the role of investigations under high pressure for determining general relationships governing phase transformations in solids.
Phenomena Beyond The Standard Model What Do We Expect For New Physics To Look Like
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Author : Roman Pasechnik
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-09-03
Phenomena Beyond The Standard Model What Do We Expect For New Physics To Look Like written by Roman Pasechnik and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-03 with Science categories.
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.