The Breadth Of Visual Attention

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The Breadth Of Visual Attention

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Author : Stephanie C. Goodhew
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2020-06-18

The Breadth Of Visual Attention written by Stephanie C. Goodhew and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-18 with Psychology categories.

Humans can focus their attention narrowly (e.g., to read this text) or broadly (e.g., to determine which way a large crowd of people are moving). This Element comprehensively considers attentional breadth. Section 1 introduces the concept of attentional breadth, while Section 2 considers measures of attentional breadth. In particular, this section provides a critical discussion of the types of psychometric evidence which should be sought to establish the validity of measures of attentional breadth and reviews the available evidence through this lens. Section 3 considers the visual task performance consequences of attentional breadth, including prescribing several key methodological criteria that studies that manipulate attentional breadth need to meet, as well as a discussion of relevant theories and avenues for future theoretical development. Section 4 discusses the utility of the exogenous-endogenous distinction from covert shifts of attention for understanding the performance consequences of attentional breadth. Finally, Section 5 provides concluding remarks.

A Computational Perspective On Visual Attention

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Author : John K. Tsotsos
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2011

A Computational Perspective On Visual Attention written by John K. Tsotsos and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Business & Economics categories.

The derivation, exposition, and justification of the Selective Tuning model of vision and attention.

A Computational Perspective On Visual Attention

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Author : John K. Tsotsos
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2021-06-22

A Computational Perspective On Visual Attention written by John K. Tsotsos and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-22 with Medical categories.

The derivation, exposition, and justification of the Selective Tuning model of vision and attention. Although William James declared in 1890, "Everyone knows what attention is," today there are many different and sometimes opposing views on the subject. This fragmented theoretical landscape may be because most of the theories and models of attention offer explanations in natural language or in a pictorial manner rather than providing a quantitative and unambiguous statement of the theory. They focus on the manifestations of attention instead of its rationale. In this book, John Tsotsos develops a formal model of visual attention with the goal of providing a theoretical explanation for why humans (and animals) must have the capacity to attend. He takes a unique approach to the theory, using the full breadth of the language of computation—rather than simply the language of mathematics—as the formal means of description. The result, the Selective Tuning model of vision and attention, explains attentive behavior in humans and provides a foundation for building computer systems that see with human-like characteristics. The overarching conclusion is that human vision is based on a general purpose processor that can be dynamically tuned to the task and the scene viewed on a moment-by-moment basis. Tsotsos offers a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of attention theories and models and a full description of the Selective Tuning model, confining the formal elements to two chapters and two appendixes. The text is accompanied by more than 100 illustrations in black and white and color; additional color illustrations and movies are available on the book's Web site.

Mechanisms Of Visual Attention

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Author : Werner X. Schneider
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1998

Mechanisms Of Visual Attention written by Werner X. Schneider and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Psychology categories.

In order to produce coherent behaviour in a complex world, forms of visual attention are necessary in order for us to select appropriate objects for action. Over the past ten years, there have been considerable advances in research into visual attention, with many of these advances linked to interdisciplinary research in experimental psychology, neuropsychology, neurophysiology and functional imaging. This work has begun to allow us to understand not only the functional properties of visual attention, but also how attentional processes are localized in the brain: the cognitive neuroscience of visual attention. This special issue draws together research from leading figures in this field, to highlight recent progress in understanding how selective processes operate in perception and action.

Emotion And Value

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Author : Sabine Roeser
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2014-11-06

Emotion And Value written by Sabine Roeser and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-06 with Philosophy categories.

This volume brings together new work by leading philosophers on the topics of emotion and value, and explores issues at their intersection. Philosophers and psychologists working on the emotions have reached something of a consensus about the complex, inter-related nature of the affective and cognitive components of emotions, and have increasingly focussed on the important epistemological role that emotions play in giving us access to values. At the same time, an increasing number of philosophers have become attracted to analyses of value that give emotions a prominent place in evaluative judgements and experiences. The work undertaken in each of these areas has important implications for current research on topics such as the role that emotions play in practical rationality and moral psychology, the connection between imagination and emotion in the appreciation of fiction, and more generally with the ability of emotions to discern axiological saliences and to ground (or fail to ground) the objectivity of ethical or aesthetic value judgements. This volume makes a unique contribution to scholarship on emotion and value by bringing together top authors from these lines of research. In addition, the volume contains a number of contributions that explore various links between the emotions and self-understanding, touching on a range of themes that include depression, empathy, agency, guilt, and self-trust. All of these issues are approached from a number of different perspectives in order to present the reader with a wide view of this extremely rich terrain and to demonstrate how the latest thinking in a number of currently intensive areas of research is deeply interconnected.

Attention Perception And Memory

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Author : Elizabeth A. Styles
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2005

Attention Perception And Memory written by Elizabeth A. Styles and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Psychology categories.

Although attention, perception and memory are identifiable components of the human cognitive system, this book argues that for a complete understanding of any of them it is necessary to appreciate the way they interact and depend on one another. Using close examination of experiments, studies of patients and evidence from cognitive neuroscience, each of these important areas in cognitive psychology is explored in detail and related to its counterparts. Written by an established author, Attention, Perception and Memory: An Integrated Introduction explains clearly the evolution and meaning of key terminology and assumptions and puts the different approaches to this field in context.

Attention

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Author : Wayne Wu
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2024-12-30

Attention written by Wayne Wu and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-12-30 with Philosophy categories.

Wayne Wu’s Attention was the first book to provide a systematic overview and assessment of different empirical and philosophical works on attention. In this revised and expanded second edition Wu discusses the following central topics and problems: the nature of attention and the structure of the theory of attention. explanatory integration of the psychology and neuroscience of attention. attention’s intimate relation to agency. attention and memory. the phenomenology of attention and attention as a gate on consciousness. introspective attention of consciousness. skill in attention. the epistemology and ethics of attention. attention in thought. Updated throughout, this edition includes new chapters on working memory, automaticity and skill, and attention and ethics. The breadth of coverage provides materials for advanced students and researchers in psychology, cognitive science, and philosophy. Additional features include chapter summaries, a glossary, and suggestions for further reading, making this also an ideal introduction for those new to attention.

Cognitive Vision

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Author : Brian H. Ross
language : en
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
Release Date : 2003-06-04

Cognitive Vision written by Brian H. Ross and has been published by Gulf Professional Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-06-04 with Education categories.

Use of visual information is used to augment our knowledge, decide on our actions, and keep track of our environment. Even with eyes closed, people can remember visual and spatial representations, manipulate them, and make decisions about them. The chapters in Volume 42 of Psychology of Learning and Motivation discuss the ways cognition interacts with visual processes and visual representations, with coverage of figure-ground assignment, spatial and visual working memory, object identification and visual search, spatial navigation, and visual attention.

The Eureka Factor

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Author : John Kounios
language : en
Publisher: Random House
Release Date : 2015-04-14

The Eureka Factor written by John Kounios and has been published by Random House this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-14 with Science categories.

In a book perfect for readers of Charles Duhigg’s The Power of Habit, David Eagleman’s Incognito, and Leonard Mlodinow’s Subliminal, the cognitive neuroscientists who discovered how the brain has aha moments—sudden creative insights—explain how they happen, when we need them, and how we can have more of them to enrich our lives and empower personal and professional success. Eureka or aha moments are sudden realizations that expand our understanding of the world and ourselves, conferring both personal growth and practical advantage. Such creative insights, as psychological scientists call them, were what conveyed an important discovery in the science of genetics to Nobel laureate Barbara McClintock, the melody of a Beatles ballad to Paul McCartney, and an understanding of the cause of human suffering to the Buddha. But these moments of clarity are not given only to the famous. Anyone can have them. In The Eureka Factor, John Kounios and Mark Beeman explain how insights arise and what the scientific research says about stimulating more of them. They discuss how various conditions affect the likelihood of your having an insight, when insight is helpful and when deliberate methodical thought is better suited to a task, what the relationship is between insight and intuition, and how the brain’s right hemisphere contributes to creative thought. Written in a lively, engaging style, this book goes beyond scientific principles to offer productive techniques for realizing your creative potential—at home and at work. The authors provide compelling anecdotes to illustrate how eureka experiences can be a key factor in your life. Attend a dinner party with Christopher Columbus to learn why we need insights. Go to a baseball game with the director of a classic Disney Pixar movie to learn about one important type of aha moment. Observe the behind-the-scenes arrangements for an Elvis Presley concert to learn why the timing of insights is crucial. Accessible and compelling, The Eureka Factor is a fascinating look at the human brain and its seemingly infinite capacity to surprise us. Praise for The Eureka Factor “Delicious . . . In The Eureka Factor, neuroscientists John Kounios and Mark Beeman give many other examples of [a] kind of lightning bolt of insight, but back this up with the latest brain-imaging research.”—Newsweek “An incredible accomplishment . . . [The Eureka Factor] is not just a chronicle of the journey that numerous scientists (including the authors) have taken to examine insight but is also a fascinating guide to how advances in science are made in general. Messrs. Kounios and Beeman examine how a parade of clever experiments can be designed to answer specific questions and rule out alternative possibilities. . . . Wonderful ideas appear as if out of nowhere—and we are delighted.”—The Wall Street Journal “An excellent title for those interested in neuroscience or creativity . . . The writing is engaging and readable, mixing stories of famous perceptions with explanations of how such revelations happen.”—Library Journal (starred review) “A lively and accessible ‘brain’ book with wide appeal.”—Booklist “[An] ingenious, thoughtful update on how the mind works.”—Kirkus Reviews “The Eureka Factor presents a fascinating and illuminating account of the creative process and how to foster it.”—James J. Heckman, Nobel laureate in economics

Sport And Exercise Psychology

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Author : Julia Schüler
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-02-25

Sport And Exercise Psychology written by Julia Schüler and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-25 with Sports & Recreation categories.

This textbook covers topics in sport and exercise psychology for students of psychology and sport science, as well as for sport practitioners who want to understand topics in sport psychology in more detail and depth. The book is divided into two main parts: Theory and Application. The first part covers the theoretical facets of sport and exercise psychology, and the close link between theory and practice, divided into the sub-disciplines of psychology (cognition, motivation, emotion, personality and development, and social processes). The second part focuses on the applications of sport and exercise psychology in the context of performance and health. With contributions from scholars across the globe, the book offers an international and timely perspective on the key fundaments of sport psychology. Taken together, these chapters provide a challenging yet accessible overview of the larger field of sport and exercise psychology. This book is suitable for readers at different levels of competence, supported with didactic elements (learning objectives and learning control questions) to find the right learning level.