The Dangers Of Automation In Airliners
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The Dangers Of Automation In Airliners
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Author : Jack J. Hersch
language : en
Publisher: Air World
Release Date : 2020-11-24
The Dangers Of Automation In Airliners written by Jack J. Hersch and has been published by Air World this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-24 with Transportation categories.
The award-winning journalist delves “into the confluence of modern airplane technology and pilot behavior to probe how and why flight disasters happen” (BookTrib). Aviation automation has been pushed to its limits, with pilots increasingly relying on it. Autopilot, autothrottle, autoland, flight management systems, air data systems, inertial guidance systems. All these systems are only as good as their inputs which, incredibly, can go rogue. Even the automation itself is subject to unpredictable failure. And what of the pilots? They began flight training with their hands on the throttle and yoke, and feet on the rudder pedals. Then they reached the pinnacle of their careers—airline pilot—and suddenly they were going hours without touching the controls other than for a few minutes on takeoff and landing. Are their skills eroding? Is their training sufficient to meet the demands of today’s planes? The Dangers of Automation in Airliners delves deeply into these questions. You’ll be in the cockpits of the two doomed Boeing 737 MAXs, the Airbus A330 lost over the South Atlantic, and the Bombardier Q400 that stalled over Buffalo. You’ll discover exactly why a Boeing 777 smacked into a seawall, missing the runway on a beautiful summer morning. And you’ll watch pilots battling—sometimes winning and sometimes not—against automation run amok. This book also investigates the human factors at work. You’ll learn why pilots might overlook warnings or ignore cockpit alarms. You’ll observe automation failing to alert aircrews of what they crucially need to know while fighting to save their planes and their passengers. The future of safe air travel depends on automation. This book tells its story.
Aviation Automation
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Author : Charles E. Billings
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-01-29
Aviation Automation written by Charles E. Billings and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The advent of very compact, very powerful digital computers has made it possible to automate a great many processes that formerly required large, complex machinery. Digital computers have made possible revolutionary changes in industry, commerce, and transportation. This book, an expansion and revision of the author's earlier technical papers on this subject, describes the development of automation in aircraft and in the aviation system, its likely evolution in the future, and the effects that these technologies have had -- and will have -- on the human operators and managers of the system. It suggests concepts that may be able to enhance human-machine relationships in future systems. The author focuses on the ability of human operators to work cooperatively with the constellation of machines they command and control, because it is the interactions among these system elements that result in the system's success or failure, whether in aviation or elsewhere. Aviation automation has provided great social and technological benefits, but these benefits have not come without cost. In recent years, new problems in aircraft have emerged due to failures in the human-machine relationship. These incidents and accidents have motivated this inquiry into aviation automation. Similar problems in the air traffic management system are predicted as it becomes more fully automated. In particular, incidents and accidents have occurred which suggest that the principle problems with today's aviation automation are associated with its complexity, coupling, autonomy, and opacity. These problems are not unique to aviation; they exist in other highly dynamic domains as well. The author suggests that a different approach to automation -- called "human-centered automation" -- offers potential benefits for system performance by enabling a more cooperative human-machine relationship in the control and management of aircraft and air traffic.
Human Centered Aircraft Automation A Concept And Guidelines
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Author : Charles E. Billings
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Human Centered Aircraft Automation A Concept And Guidelines written by Charles E. Billings and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Aeronautical instruments categories.
Cockpit Automation Flight Systems Complexity And Aircraft Certification
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Author : Bart Elias
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-10-20
Cockpit Automation Flight Systems Complexity And Aircraft Certification written by Bart Elias and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-20 with categories.
The increasing complexity and automation of flight control systems pose a challenge to federal policy regarding aircraft certification and pilot training. Despite significant commercial aviation safety improvements over the past two decades, flight control automation and aircraft complexity have been cited as contributing factors in a number of major airline accidents, including two high-profile crashes overseas involving the recently introduced Boeing 737 Max variant in 2018 and 2019. These crashes have directed attention to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) oversight of aircraft type certification and pilot training practices for transport category aircraft, particularly as they pertain to complex automated flight control systems. As aircraft systems have evolved over the past three decades to incorporate new technologies, Congress has mandated FAA to streamline certification processes, with the primary motivation being to facilitate the development of new safety-enhancing technologies. Modern commercial aircraft rely on "fly-by-wire" flight control technologies, under which pilots' flight control inputs are sent to computers rather than through direct mechanical linkages to flight control systems. The fly-by-wire software contains flight control laws and logic that, in addition to optimizing performance efficiency, protect the aircraft from commanded actions that could put the airplane in an unsafe state. Automated flight control systems have largely been viewed as having a positive effect on safety, and accident rates have improved considerably over the past two decades. However, the increasing complexity of automated flight systems has sometimes caused confusion and uncertainty, contributing to improper pilot actions during critical phases of flight and in some cases leading pilots to unintentionally place an aircraft in an unsafe condition. Besides designing these systems in a manner that minimizes pilot errors and the consequences of those errors, aircraft designers and operators face challenges regarding maintaining piloting skills for flight crews to be able to take over and manually fly the aircraft safely if critical systems fail. They also face challenges regarding documentation and pilot training effectiveness in building accurate mental models of how these complex systems operate. The primary goals of ongoing efforts to address these challenges are to enhance pilot situation awareness when using automation and reduce the likelihood of mode errors and confusion, while at the same time not overburdening pilots with intricate systems knowledge beyond what is necessary. In the ongoing investigations of two Boeing 737 Max crashes, Lion Air flight 610 and Ethiopian Airlines flight 302, concerns have been raised about the design of an automated feature called the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS) and its reliance on a single angle-of-attack sensor even though the aircraft is equipped with two such sensors. These concerns led to the worldwide grounding of all Boeing 737 Max aircraft until the MCAS safety concerns can be resolved, significantly impacting both U.S. and foreign airlines that operate the aircraft. These recent aviation accidents have prompted reviews of the manner in which modern transport category aircraft are certified by FAA and its foreign counterparts, and in particular, the roles of regulators and manufacturers in the certification process. The challenges of certifying increasingly complex aircraft are largely being met by delegating more of FAA's certification functions to aircraft designers and manufacturers. This raises potential conflicts between safety and quality assurance on the one hand and competitive pressures to market and deliver aircraft on the other. Under Organization Designation Authorization (ODA), FAA can designate companies to carry out delegated certification functions on its behalf.
The Highly Automated Airplane
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Author : Kuo Kuang Liu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997-06-01
The Highly Automated Airplane written by Kuo Kuang Liu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-06-01 with Air pilots categories.
Two Airbus accidents at Nagoya, Japan and Toulouse, France in April and June 1994 highlighted the problem of the highly-automated airplane and its interface with pilots. As technologies in the engineering design progress so quickly in airplane automation, training philosophies toward the 'glass cockpit' may need to be re-evaluated. Many pilots, young and old, praise the advantages brought by the new technology. On the other hand, many have complained about the increasing workload and the danger of automation features which are not in their control. In this thesis, I evaluate the accidents of the highly-automated airplane and the probable solutions which can be applied in the training phase to reduce the accident rates. The training philosophies given to the crewmembers remaining in the cockpit of highly-automated airplanes should guarantee flying safety with limited time and resources in the absence of rigorous regulations. Air transportation surely is the most popular business today and in the future. The machine has been updated to include more automatic controls. Now our concern is to upgrade the human capability to stay abreast of technology and keep flying safe. That is the reason for this thesis, whose contribution to aviation safety is to recommend adequate training philosophies for highly-automated airplane users.
Controlling Pilot Error Automation
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
Release Date :
Controlling Pilot Error Automation written by and has been published by McGraw Hill Professional this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Aeronautics categories.
Report Of The Workshop On Aviation Safety Automation Program
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Report Of The Workshop On Aviation Safety Automation Program written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with categories.
Automation Airmanship Nine Principles For Operating Glass Cockpit Aircraft
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Author : Christopher Lutat
language : en
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Professional
Release Date : 2013-05-22
Automation Airmanship Nine Principles For Operating Glass Cockpit Aircraft written by Christopher Lutat and has been published by McGraw-Hill Professional this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
"One of the first cohesive works on glass cockpit equipment (digital instrumentation being implemented in more aircraft), this book focuses on limiting in-flight issues and advancing the safe operation of highly automated aircraft"-Provided by publisher.
Aviation Safety Human Factors System Engineering Flight Operations Economics Strategies Management
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Author : Hans M. Soekkha
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-03-26
Aviation Safety Human Factors System Engineering Flight Operations Economics Strategies Management written by Hans M. Soekkha and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Questions concerning safety in aviation attract a great deal of attention, due to the growth in this industry and the number of fatal accidents in recent years. The aerospace industry has always been deeply concerned with the permanent prevention of accidents and the conscientious safeguarding of all imaginable critical factors surrounding the organization of processes in aeronautical technology. However, the developments in aircraft technology and control systems require further improvements to meet future safety demands. This book embodies the proceedings of the 1997 International Aviation Safety Conference, and contains 60 talks by internationally recognized experts on various aspects of aviation safety. Subjects covered include: Human interfaces and man-machine interactions; Flight safety engineering and operational control systems; Aircraft development and integrated safety designs; Safety strategies relating to risk insurance and economics; Corporate aspects and safety management factors --- including airlines services and airport security environment.
Aviation Safety And Automation Implications
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Author : Richard H. Green
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023-12-02
Aviation Safety And Automation Implications written by Richard H. Green and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-02 with categories.
This research study evaluates the role of policy regarding the use of automation in flight on the safety of aviation in the United States. Specifically, following the investigation of several high-profile aircraft mishaps that identified misuse or overuse of automation at inappropriate times during flight, several best practices have developed among airline operators as to the acceptable use of flight automation. However, there has never been a coordinated governmental policy on the use of automated equipment, procedures, or communication promulgated by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the International Civil Aviation Organisation (CIAO), or industry work groups. While there has been considerable research among social scientists on the impact of human error and misunderstanding on automated systems, and while great progress has been made in the area of human factor consideration in designing air planes and the systems used to control them, there has been little research on the public policy aspect of these considerations. Even though the FAA has established a research group specifically dedicated to the impact of human factor considerations on flying (Chandra & Gray hem, 2012), there has been no subsequent discussion on the policy changes those results should dictate.